Earlier studies developed a steady-state model to predict the brightness and/or bleach consumption during the chlorine dioxide brightening (D1) of softwood pulps produced by conventional elemental-chlorine-free (ECF) sequences. This model relates the chlorine dioxide consumed to the brightness gains predicated upon an asymptotic D1 brightness limit, an incoming D1 pulp brightness, and an equation parameter (β11). The current investigation examines the application of this model to ECF sequences that use ozone delignification (Z-ECF). Literature D1 data from various Z-ECF bleaching studies, which investigated OZ, OD0/Z, and OZ/D0 delignification, were fitted to the model. The β11 parameter was found to be linearly correlated to the entering kappa number. Interestingly, this linear relationship was found to be identical to the relationships observed when modeling the D1 stage for conventional ECF and chlorine-based bleach sequences. Subtle differences in D1 brightening response in the model among the various bleach sequences are reflected by incoming pulp brightness (at the same kappa number). The current model is used to illustrate how alterations to Z-ECF delignification affect D1 brightening and chlorine dioxide consumption.
{"title":"Extension of a steady-state chlorine dioxide brightening model for Z-ECF bleaching of softwood kraft pulps","authors":"B. Brogdon, Lucia Lucian","doi":"10.32964/tj20.3.186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj20.3.186","url":null,"abstract":"Earlier studies developed a steady-state model to predict the brightness and/or bleach consumption during the chlorine dioxide brightening (D1) of softwood pulps produced by conventional elemental-chlorine-free (ECF) sequences. This model relates the chlorine dioxide consumed to the brightness gains predicated upon an asymptotic D1 brightness limit, an incoming D1 pulp brightness, and an equation parameter (β11). The current investigation examines the application of this model to ECF sequences that use ozone delignification (Z-ECF). Literature D1 data from various Z-ECF bleaching studies, which investigated OZ, OD0/Z, and OZ/D0 delignification, were fitted to the model. The β11 parameter was found to be linearly correlated to the entering kappa number. Interestingly, this linear relationship was found to be identical to the relationships observed when modeling the D1 stage for conventional ECF and chlorine-based bleach sequences. Subtle differences in D1 brightening response in the model among the various bleach sequences are reflected by incoming pulp brightness (at the same kappa number). The current model is used to illustrate how alterations to Z-ECF delignification affect D1 brightening and chlorine dioxide consumption.","PeriodicalId":11002,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, March 23, 2021","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87694700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Pethe, Paul W. Cloninger, Ryan R. Shortreed, Ken M. Hardison
Domtar’s fluff pulp mill in Plymouth, NC, USA, operates two biomass/hog fuel fired boilers (HFBs). For energy consolidation and reliability improvement, Domtar wanted to decommission the No. 1 HFB and refurbish/retrofit the No. 2 HFB. The No. 2 HFB was designed to burn pulverized coal and/or biomass on a traveling grate. The steaming capacity was 500,000 lb/h from coal and 400,000 lb/h from biomass. However, it had never sustained this design biomass steaming rate. As the sole power boiler, the No. 2 HFB would need to sustain 400,000 lb/h of biomass steam during peak loads. An extensive evaluation by a combustion and boiler technologies supplier was undertaken. The evaluation involved field testing, analysis, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, and it identified several bottle-necks and deficiencies to achieving the No. 2 HFB’s biomass steam goal. These bottlenecks included an inadequate combustion system; insufficient heat capture; excessive combustion air temperature; inadequate sweetwater con-denser (SWC) capacity; and limited induced draft fan capacity. To address the identified deficiencies, various upgrades were engineered and implemented. These upgrades included modern pneumatic fuel distributors; a modern sidewall, interlaced overfire air (OFA) system; a new, larger economizer; modified feedwater piping to increase SWC capacity; replacement of the scrubber with a dry electro-static precipitator; and upgraded boiler controls. With the deployment of these upgrades, the No. 2 HFB achieved the targeted biomass steaming rate of 400,000 lb/h, along with lowered stack gas and combustion air temperatures. All mandated emissions limit tests at 500,000 lb/h of steam with 400,000 lb/h of biomass steam were passed, and Domtar reports a 10% reduction in fuel firing rates, which represents significant fuel savings. In addition, the mill was able to decommission the No. 1 HFB, which has substantially lowered operating and maintenance costs.
{"title":"Boiler retrofit improves efficiency and increases biomass firing rates","authors":"S. Pethe, Paul W. Cloninger, Ryan R. Shortreed, Ken M. Hardison","doi":"10.32964/tj20.3.173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj20.3.173","url":null,"abstract":"Domtar’s fluff pulp mill in Plymouth, NC, USA, operates two biomass/hog fuel fired boilers (HFBs). For energy consolidation and reliability improvement, Domtar wanted to decommission the No. 1 HFB and refurbish/retrofit the No. 2 HFB. \u0000The No. 2 HFB was designed to burn pulverized coal and/or biomass on a traveling grate. The steaming capacity was 500,000 lb/h from coal and 400,000 lb/h from biomass. However, it had never sustained this design biomass steaming rate. As the sole power boiler, the No. 2 HFB would need to sustain 400,000 lb/h of biomass steam during peak loads. \u0000An extensive evaluation by a combustion and boiler technologies supplier was undertaken. The evaluation involved field testing, analysis, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, and it identified several bottle-necks and deficiencies to achieving the No. 2 HFB’s biomass steam goal. These bottlenecks included an inadequate combustion system; insufficient heat capture; excessive combustion air temperature; inadequate sweetwater con-denser (SWC) capacity; and limited induced draft fan capacity.\u0000To address the identified deficiencies, various upgrades were engineered and implemented. These upgrades included modern pneumatic fuel distributors; a modern sidewall, interlaced overfire air (OFA) system; a new, larger economizer; modified feedwater piping to increase SWC capacity; replacement of the scrubber with a dry electro-static precipitator; and upgraded boiler controls.\u0000With the deployment of these upgrades, the No. 2 HFB achieved the targeted biomass steaming rate of 400,000 lb/h, along with lowered stack gas and combustion air temperatures. All mandated emissions limit tests at 500,000 lb/h of steam with 400,000 lb/h of biomass steam were passed, and Domtar reports a 10% reduction in fuel firing rates, which represents significant fuel savings. In addition, the mill was able to decommission the No. 1 HFB, which has substantially lowered operating and maintenance costs.","PeriodicalId":11002,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, March 23, 2021","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81670373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Jin, T. Habib, Simon Youssef, Steve Osborne, H. Tran
The effective shattering of molten smelt is highly desired in recovery boiler systems. Ideally, shatter jet nozzle designs should: i) generate high shattering energy; ii) create a wide coverage; and iii) minimize steam consumption. This study proposes a novel converging-diverging multi-jet nozzle design to achieve these goals. A laboratory setup was established, and the nozzle performance was evaluated by generating jet pressure profiles from the measurement of a pitot tube array. The results show that the shatter jet strength is greater with a large throat diameter, high inlet pressure, and a short distance between the nozzle exit and impingement position. Increasing the number of orifices generates a wider jet coverage, and the distance between the orifices should be limited to avoid the formation of a low-pressure region between the orifices. The study also demonstrates that an optimized converging-diverging multi-jet nozzle significantly outperformed a conventional shatter jet nozzle by achieving higher energy and wider coverage while consuming less steam.
{"title":"Development of converging-diverging multi-jet nozzles for molten smelt shattering in kraft recovery boilers","authors":"E. Jin, T. Habib, Simon Youssef, Steve Osborne, H. Tran","doi":"10.32964/tj20.3.199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj20.3.199","url":null,"abstract":"The effective shattering of molten smelt is highly desired in recovery boiler systems. Ideally, shatter jet nozzle designs should: i) generate high shattering energy; ii) create a wide coverage; and iii) minimize steam consumption. \u0000This study proposes a novel converging-diverging multi-jet nozzle design to achieve these goals. A laboratory setup was established, and the nozzle performance was evaluated by generating jet pressure profiles from the measurement of a pitot tube array. The results show that the shatter jet strength is greater with a large throat diameter, high inlet pressure, and a short distance between the nozzle exit and impingement position. Increasing the number of orifices generates a wider jet coverage, and the distance between the orifices should be limited to avoid the formation of a low-pressure region between the orifices. The study also demonstrates that an optimized converging-diverging multi-jet nozzle significantly outperformed a conventional shatter jet nozzle by achieving higher energy and wider coverage while consuming less steam.","PeriodicalId":11002,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, March 23, 2021","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75093432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This descriptive research investigated influence of class size on the students’ and teachers’ motivation during the instruction. The study objectives focused the effects of class size on the students’ initiation in completing instructional tasks, stimulating them in expressing the ideas freely and in provision of positive feedback to them during the instruction. Three null hypotheses were formulated to observe the significance differences between observed and expected proportion about target objectives. For this purpose, the data were collected from 4th grade students and teachers of 51 government primary schools through observation sheets and questionnaire respectively. Collected data were analysed through mean and chi-square. The major findings indicated that small class size assisted teachers as well as students to exhibit higher level of the motivation and interest during instruction. However, no significant differences noted between the observed and expected proportion about level of initiation, completion of task, rate of stimulation and provision of feedback among students belonging to different level of class size.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF CLASS SIZE ON STUDENTS’ AND TEACHERS’ MOTIVATION DURING INSTRUCTION","authors":"Syed M Amir, I. Ullah, M. Kaleem","doi":"10.51380/GUJR-37-01-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51380/GUJR-37-01-10","url":null,"abstract":"This descriptive research investigated influence of class size on the students’ and teachers’ motivation during the instruction. The study objectives focused the effects of class size on the students’ initiation in completing instructional tasks, stimulating them in expressing the ideas freely and in provision of positive feedback to them during the instruction. Three null hypotheses were formulated to observe the significance differences between observed and expected proportion about target objectives. For this purpose, the data were collected from 4th grade students and teachers of 51 government primary schools through observation sheets and questionnaire respectively. Collected data were analysed through mean and chi-square. The major findings indicated that small class size assisted teachers as well as students to exhibit higher level of the motivation and interest during instruction. However, no significant differences noted between the observed and expected proportion about level of initiation, completion of task, rate of stimulation and provision of feedback among students belonging to different level of class size.","PeriodicalId":11002,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, March 23, 2021","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74798377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores the teacher educators' and prospective teachers’ perceptions regarding classroom assessment literacy and practices. It specifically aims to respond to questions: ‘what teacher educators and student teachers perceive with regard to classroom assessment, purposes, approaches, literacy and practices? How many perceptual differences exist between teacher educators and student teachers on classroom assessment practices? Through sequential triangulation, mixed-method research design data were collected over interview protocols and a Likert design questionnaire. Further, qualitative data were analyzed through a thematic approach while quantitative data were analyzed through mean scores and t-test. The results indicated significant differences in the understanding of classroom assessment practices of teacher educators and student teachers. Furthermore, student teachers feel tense due to prevalent assessment mechanisms. The results also revealed that prevalent assessment approaches fall short of developing requisite skills among student teachers. Thus, alternative assessment practices with more students centered and real-life approaches were recommended for prospective teachers in classroom situations.
{"title":"PERCEPTIONS OF TEACHER EDUCATORS AND PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS ON THE ASSESSMENT LITERACY AND PRACTICES","authors":"S. Hussain, M. Idris, Zarina Akhtar","doi":"10.51380/GUJR-37-01-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51380/GUJR-37-01-07","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the teacher educators' and prospective teachers’ perceptions regarding classroom assessment literacy and practices. It specifically aims to respond to questions: ‘what teacher educators and student teachers perceive with regard to classroom assessment, purposes, approaches, literacy and practices? How many perceptual differences exist between teacher educators and student teachers on classroom assessment practices? Through sequential triangulation, mixed-method research design data were collected over interview protocols and a Likert design questionnaire. Further, qualitative data were analyzed through a thematic approach while quantitative data were analyzed through mean scores and t-test. The results indicated significant differences in the understanding of classroom assessment practices of teacher educators and student teachers. Furthermore, student teachers feel tense due to prevalent assessment mechanisms. The results also revealed that prevalent assessment approaches fall short of developing requisite skills among student teachers. Thus, alternative assessment practices with more students centered and real-life approaches were recommended for prospective teachers in classroom situations.","PeriodicalId":11002,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, March 23, 2021","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84895857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The recent financial and economic recessions have chiefly increased the importance of risk management and forecasting for business firms. Capital markets being the main pillar of economy are affected the most in such circumstances. The current study has attempted to investigate the impact of oil prices on the returns and volatility of Pakistani listed firms using the GARCH (1,1) model. Furthermore, this relationship has been investigated by categorizing the existing sectors of the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) into oil producers, oil users, and oil substitutes for the period from January 2015 to December 2019. The findings of the study highlighted some strong evidence regarding the oil price movement and the firms’ returns across these sectors. Interestingly, firms’ returns behave differently about the magnitude of significance and direction of symbols based on their nature of the industry. Therefore, it is suggested for future studies to consider the nature of the sector of oil while exploring the relationship between oil prices and stock returns.
{"title":"OIL PRICES MOVEMENTS AND INDUSTRY STOCK RETURNS: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN STOCK EXCHANGE (PSX)","authors":"M. Asif, Sharif Ullah Jan, Shabab Iqbal","doi":"10.51380/GUJR-37-01-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51380/GUJR-37-01-08","url":null,"abstract":"The recent financial and economic recessions have chiefly increased the importance of risk management and forecasting for business firms. Capital markets being the main pillar of economy are affected the most in such circumstances. The current study has attempted to investigate the impact of oil prices on the returns and volatility of Pakistani listed firms using the GARCH (1,1) model. Furthermore, this relationship has been investigated by categorizing the existing sectors of the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) into oil producers, oil users, and oil substitutes for the period from January 2015 to December 2019. The findings of the study highlighted some strong evidence regarding the oil price movement and the firms’ returns across these sectors. Interestingly, firms’ returns behave differently about the magnitude of significance and direction of symbols based on their nature of the industry. Therefore, it is suggested for future studies to consider the nature of the sector of oil while exploring the relationship between oil prices and stock returns.","PeriodicalId":11002,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, March 23, 2021","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83428582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the study is to find out a successful way of managing the organizational change in public sector organizations. The research is based on a structured questionnaire survey. The data was collected in some of the top public sector organizations in Pakistan. The study suggests that Stress, Trust, and Ethics have a strong relationship with Organizational Change Management. Organizations must minimize the workplace stress, maximize trust of workers on management and organization and ensure ethics for organization change management. The managerial implication of the research is, bringing and making any organizational change is very difficult without employee-friendly working environment of the organization. The results of the study make it easy, how to put employees on the right track for achieving organizational goals and objectives in any Organizational Change by using Facilitation.
{"title":"IMPACT OF ETHICS, STRESS AND TRUST ON CHANGE MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANIZATION","authors":"S. Ahmad, Muhammad Ibrahim, A. Nadeem","doi":"10.51380/GUJR-37-01-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51380/GUJR-37-01-05","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to find out a successful way of managing the organizational change in public sector organizations. The research is based on a structured questionnaire survey. The data was collected in some of the top public sector organizations in Pakistan. The study suggests that Stress, Trust, and Ethics have a strong relationship with Organizational Change Management. Organizations must minimize the workplace stress, maximize trust of workers on management and organization and ensure ethics for organization change management. The managerial implication of the research is, bringing and making any organizational change is very difficult without employee-friendly working environment of the organization. The results of the study make it easy, how to put employees on the right track for achieving organizational goals and objectives in any Organizational Change by using Facilitation.","PeriodicalId":11002,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, March 23, 2021","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82957018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Policymakers and practitioners in telecommunication industry are not fully aware of the positive significance of structural capital to the enhancement of their operational and workers efficiency. The aim of this study therefore is to examine the effects of structural capital on organisational efficiency of ICT companies in the Sub-Saharan Africa using the knowledge-based view as theoretical underpinning. Cross-sectional research design was employed while the simple random sampling was used to select five ICT firms. Accessible population of two hundred and fifty participants was drawn from sample frame of five telecommunication firms. Sample size of one hundred and fifty-two was determined from accessible population. Hypotheses were analysed with multiple linear regression techniques with the aid of IBM SPSS. Study found that structural capital has significant positive effects on the organisational efficiency of ICT companies. The study concludes that structural capital measured in terms of process capital, innovation capital and customer capital enhance the organisational efficiency of ICT companies in Sub-Saharan Africa.
{"title":"THE EFFECTS OF STRUCTURAL CAPITAL ON ORGANISATIONAL EFFICIENCY","authors":"F. O. Edeh, Yeo Sook Fern, A. Nawaz","doi":"10.51380/GUJR-37-01-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51380/GUJR-37-01-01","url":null,"abstract":"Policymakers and practitioners in telecommunication industry are not fully aware of the positive significance of structural capital to the enhancement of their operational and workers efficiency. The aim of this study therefore is to examine the effects of structural capital on organisational efficiency of ICT companies in the Sub-Saharan Africa using the knowledge-based view as theoretical underpinning. Cross-sectional research design was employed while the simple random sampling was used to select five ICT firms. Accessible population of two hundred and fifty participants was drawn from sample frame of five telecommunication firms. Sample size of one hundred and fifty-two was determined from accessible population. Hypotheses were analysed with multiple linear regression techniques with the aid of IBM SPSS. Study found that structural capital has significant positive effects on the organisational efficiency of ICT companies. The study concludes that structural capital measured in terms of process capital, innovation capital and customer capital enhance the organisational efficiency of ICT companies in Sub-Saharan Africa.","PeriodicalId":11002,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, March 23, 2021","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86240255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For contributing to the inherent dynamic nature of society, things are always moving, developing, growing and changing. Education is fundamental in responding to the societal change therefore, change is inevitable in education too. The immediate context of this paper is Punjab (Pakistan) followed by the implementation process of the most recent change in secondary school National Curriculum for English. The focus revolves around the questions; ‘to what extent the secondary school English teachers were involved in planning and designing English curriculum change (CC2006), and what the contextual conditions secondary school teachers were provided enabling them to enact CC2006 effectively? The study adopted a mixed method approach. The quantitative data was collected by administering questionnaire towards 243 secondary school English teachers followed by conducting the case studies of four secondary schools for gathering the qualitative data. The findings revealed that teachers were seldom consulted during planning or design phase of CC2006.
{"title":"CURRICULUM CHANGE IN PAKISTAN: LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE PAST AND THE WAY FORWARD","authors":"Muqaddas Butt, Shumaila Mahmood, Tanzeela Urooj","doi":"10.51380/GUJR-37-01-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51380/GUJR-37-01-06","url":null,"abstract":"For contributing to the inherent dynamic nature of society, things are always moving, developing, growing and changing. Education is fundamental in responding to the societal change therefore, change is inevitable in education too. The immediate context of this paper is Punjab (Pakistan) followed by the implementation process of the most recent change in secondary school National Curriculum for English. The focus revolves around the questions; ‘to what extent the secondary school English teachers were involved in planning and designing English curriculum change (CC2006), and what the contextual conditions secondary school teachers were provided enabling them to enact CC2006 effectively? The study adopted a mixed method approach. The quantitative data was collected by administering questionnaire towards 243 secondary school English teachers followed by conducting the case studies of four secondary schools for gathering the qualitative data. The findings revealed that teachers were seldom consulted during planning or design phase of CC2006.","PeriodicalId":11002,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, March 23, 2021","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74287912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper employs the Gramsci's "Theory of Cultural Hegemony" to investigate the objectives, methodology, and outcomes of theocratic political approach opted by the autocratic regime in Pakistan between 1977 to 1988. Gramsci Cultural Hegemony theory provides parameters of analysis such as "traditional intellectuals," "manufactured consent," "civil society," "political society," "organic intellectuals," and "historic bloc," which serve as concrete foundations for data analysis through the qualitative research methodology. This paper is significant as it elucidates how "political society" (authoritarian regimes), rather than choosing coercion, exercise “soft tools” over "civil society" (religious intellectuals) to manufacture the consent of the masses. This paper is unique as it has attempted to apply the Gramsci's cultural hegemony theory in its true essence to bring to light the long-term repercussions of the hegemonic policies of Zia's rule and to answer the unanswered questions regarding the foreign and internal policy challenges in today's Pakistan.
{"title":"THEOCRATIC AUTOCRACY IN PAKISTAN BETWEEN 1977 TO 1988 FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF GRAMSCI'S THEORY OF CULTURAL HEGEMONY","authors":"Muhammad Uzair Hashmi","doi":"10.51380/GUJR-37-01-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51380/GUJR-37-01-03","url":null,"abstract":"This paper employs the Gramsci's \"Theory of Cultural Hegemony\" to investigate the objectives, methodology, and outcomes of theocratic political approach opted by the autocratic regime in Pakistan between 1977 to 1988. Gramsci Cultural Hegemony theory provides parameters of analysis such as \"traditional intellectuals,\" \"manufactured consent,\" \"civil society,\" \"political society,\" \"organic intellectuals,\" and \"historic bloc,\" which serve as concrete foundations for data analysis through the qualitative research methodology. This paper is significant as it elucidates how \"political society\" (authoritarian regimes), rather than choosing coercion, exercise “soft tools” over \"civil society\" (religious intellectuals) to manufacture the consent of the masses. This paper is unique as it has attempted to apply the Gramsci's cultural hegemony theory in its true essence to bring to light the long-term repercussions of the hegemonic policies of Zia's rule and to answer the unanswered questions regarding the foreign and internal policy challenges in today's Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":11002,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, March 23, 2021","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88013067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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