Jinglin Xiong, Maomao Yan, Jiawen Yin, Min Xu, Xianzhong Zhu, Qing Qi, Wenlin Yang
Histone methyltransferase nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 3 (NSD3) has been reported to promote cell proliferation in a variety of cancer cells. However, whether NSD3 regulates cell proliferation in psoriatic cells is unknown. Here, we found elevated expression of NSD3S (the short isoform with no activity) but not NSD3L (the long isoform) in psoriatic keratinocytes, and specific knockdown of NSD3S expression decreases cell proliferation of psoriatic keratinocytes. Further investigation has shown that NSD3S knockdown destabilizes c-Myc protein but does not suppress the transcription of the c-MYC gene. Notably, a cell-penetrating peptide TAT-tagged inhibitory peptide TAT–NSD3389–404 targeting NSD3–c-Myc interaction destabilizes c-Myc protein in a similar way, suggesting that NSD3S stabilizes c-Myc through interaction. Most importantly, treatment with TAT–NSD3389–404 peptide alleviates psoriatic symptoms and decreases the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score, the lesion thickness, and the concentration of psoriasis-related cytokines (IL-17, IL-6, and CXCL1) in imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like mice, suggesting NSD3–c-Myc interaction may be a potential therapeutic target for psoriasis.
{"title":"NSD3S Promotes Cell Proliferation Through Stabilizing c-Myc in Psoriatic Keratinocytes","authors":"Jinglin Xiong, Maomao Yan, Jiawen Yin, Min Xu, Xianzhong Zhu, Qing Qi, Wenlin Yang","doi":"10.1155/dth/8937149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/dth/8937149","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Histone methyltransferase nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 3 (NSD3) has been reported to promote cell proliferation in a variety of cancer cells. However, whether NSD3 regulates cell proliferation in psoriatic cells is unknown. Here, we found elevated expression of NSD3S (the short isoform with no activity) but not NSD3L (the long isoform) in psoriatic keratinocytes, and specific knockdown of NSD3S expression decreases cell proliferation of psoriatic keratinocytes. Further investigation has shown that NSD3S knockdown destabilizes c-Myc protein but does not suppress the transcription of the c-MYC gene. Notably, a cell-penetrating peptide TAT-tagged inhibitory peptide TAT–NSD3<sup>389–404</sup> targeting NSD3–c-Myc interaction destabilizes c-Myc protein in a similar way, suggesting that NSD3S stabilizes c-Myc through interaction. Most importantly, treatment with TAT–NSD3<sup>389–404</sup> peptide alleviates psoriatic symptoms and decreases the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score, the lesion thickness, and the concentration of psoriasis-related cytokines (IL-17, IL-6, and CXCL1) in imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like mice, suggesting NSD3–c-Myc interaction may be a potential therapeutic target for psoriasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11045,"journal":{"name":"Dermatologic Therapy","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/dth/8937149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Al-Haddab, Nasser M. AbuDujain, Aued Alanazi, Fatimah J. Al Muqarrab
Background
Postacne scarring is a challenging condition, and various treatments have been developed to address the texture and pigmentation issues caused by acne scars. Ablative fractionated CO2 laser is among the most effective options.
Methodology
This retrospective chart review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of two combined fractional ablative CO2 laser modes in treating acne scars in a Middle Eastern population. The study utilized the Global Acne Scarring Grading System (GASS) and VISIA camera system for the pre- and posttreatment evaluation of acne scars.
Statistical Analysis
A paired t test was used for statistical comparison of the pre- and posttreatment data.
Results
The final assessment involved 57 subjects, with 61% being female and 39% being male. GASS scores show improvement of acne scarring from a mean of 10.12 to 8.04. A paired t test was applied to the spots and textural percentile values, revealing a significant improvement (t = −2.26, p = 0.028), indicating a statistically significant reduction in acne scarring.
Conclusion
The proposed fractional CO2 settings effectively treat acne scars in Middle Eastern populations with minimal pigmentary side effects, where more severe postacne scars tend to respond better to treatment than those with less severe scars.
痤疮后疤痕是一种具有挑战性的疾病，各种治疗方法已经开发出来，以解决由痤疮疤痕引起的质地和色素沉着问题。烧蚀分馏CO2激光是最有效的选择之一。方法：本回顾性图表综述旨在评估两种联合分次烧蚀CO2激光模式治疗中东人群痤疮疤痕的疗效。本研究采用全球痤疮疤痕分级系统（GASS）和VISIA相机系统对治疗前后的痤疮疤痕进行评估。统计学分析采用配对t检验对治疗前后资料进行统计学比较。结果终评共涉及57名受试者，其中61%为女性，39%为男性。GASS评分显示痤疮疤痕从平均10.12分改善到8.04分。对斑点和纹理百分位值进行配对t检验，显示显着改善（t = - 2.26, p = 0.028），表明痤疮瘢痕减少具有统计学意义。结论提出的分数CO2设置有效地治疗中东人群的痤疮疤痕，并且色素副作用最小，痤疮后疤痕较严重的患者往往对治疗的反应较好。
{"title":"Fractionated Ablative CO2 Laser Treatment of Acne Scars in Middle Eastern Patients","authors":"Mohammed Al-Haddab, Nasser M. AbuDujain, Aued Alanazi, Fatimah J. Al Muqarrab","doi":"10.1155/dth/7247864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/dth/7247864","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Postacne scarring is a challenging condition, and various treatments have been developed to address the texture and pigmentation issues caused by acne scars. Ablative fractionated CO<sub>2</sub> laser is among the most effective options.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective chart review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of two combined fractional ablative CO<sub>2</sub> laser modes in treating acne scars in a Middle Eastern population. The study utilized the Global Acne Scarring Grading System (GASS) and VISIA camera system for the pre- and posttreatment evaluation of acne scars.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Statistical Analysis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A paired <i>t</i> test was used for statistical comparison of the pre- and posttreatment data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The final assessment involved 57 subjects, with 61% being female and 39% being male. GASS scores show improvement of acne scarring from a mean of 10.12 to 8.04. A paired <i>t</i> test was applied to the spots and textural percentile values, revealing a significant improvement (<i>t</i> = −2.26, <i>p</i> = 0.028), indicating a statistically significant reduction in acne scarring.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The proposed fractional CO<sub>2</sub> settings effectively treat acne scars in Middle Eastern populations with minimal pigmentary side effects, where more severe postacne scars tend to respond better to treatment than those with less severe scars.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11045,"journal":{"name":"Dermatologic Therapy","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/dth/7247864","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145986853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a prevalent vascular condition that manifests through varicose veins and a variety of clinical symptoms. Lipodermatosclerosis (LDS), a severe complication of CVD, is characterized by pain, skin fibrosis, and significant impairment of the quality of life. Despite its clinical relevance, limited evidence exists regarding the improvement of dermatological symptoms following foam sclerotherapy. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of foam sclerotherapy in treating dermatological manifestations in LDS patients.
Materials and Methods
In this case series, 28 patients with LDS who underwent foam sclerotherapy were evaluated. Pre- and posttreatment assessments focused on pain, skin pigmentation, and inflammation to determine symptom improvements. The Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) was used to assess overall severity, and pain scores were recorded 1 week after the procedure.
Results
Foam sclerotherapy resulted in significant improvements in both overall symptom severity and inflammation, as measured by the VCSS. Notably, foam sclerotherapy provided more rapid pain relief compared with conventional medical treatments, with significant reductions observed within 1 week of treatment.
Conclusions
Foam sclerotherapy is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive treatment option for LDS patients, offering rapid clinical relief, particularly valuable in the context of delayed diagnosis and management. This approach may provide an alternative for patients who cannot tolerate conventional therapies.
{"title":"Foam Sclerotherapy Alleviates Dermatological Symptoms of Lipodermatosclerosis of the Lower Extremities","authors":"Yu-Ting Tsai, Shang-Hung Lin","doi":"10.1155/dth/6699374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/dth/6699374","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a prevalent vascular condition that manifests through varicose veins and a variety of clinical symptoms. Lipodermatosclerosis (LDS), a severe complication of CVD, is characterized by pain, skin fibrosis, and significant impairment of the quality of life. Despite its clinical relevance, limited evidence exists regarding the improvement of dermatological symptoms following foam sclerotherapy. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of foam sclerotherapy in treating dermatological manifestations in LDS patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this case series, 28 patients with LDS who underwent foam sclerotherapy were evaluated. Pre- and posttreatment assessments focused on pain, skin pigmentation, and inflammation to determine symptom improvements. The Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) was used to assess overall severity, and pain scores were recorded 1 week after the procedure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Foam sclerotherapy resulted in significant improvements in both overall symptom severity and inflammation, as measured by the VCSS. Notably, foam sclerotherapy provided more rapid pain relief compared with conventional medical treatments, with significant reductions observed within 1 week of treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Foam sclerotherapy is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive treatment option for LDS patients, offering rapid clinical relief, particularly valuable in the context of delayed diagnosis and management. This approach may provide an alternative for patients who cannot tolerate conventional therapies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11045,"journal":{"name":"Dermatologic Therapy","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/dth/6699374","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145904870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nabila Scabine Pessotti, Vinicius Tassoni Civile, Talita Andrade Brandao, Felipe Ribeiro, Gisele Viana de Oliveira, Nathalia Sernizon Guimarães, Denise Steiner
<div> <section> <h3> Introduction</h3> <p>Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a synthetic derivative of the amino acid lysine that inhibits bleeding due to its effects on plasminogen conversion, approved by the FDA to treat menorrhagia and prevent bleeding in hemophilia patients undergoing dental extraction. Several studies have shown TXA benefits in treating melasma, but there is uncertainty about its potential association with an increased risk of thromboembolism.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Objectives</h3> <p>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of TXA for the treatment of melasma, alone or in combination therapy.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included that assessed the effect of TA (alone or in combination) compared to placebo or other active interventions in adults diagnosed with melasma. All studies reporting the use of TA were included in this review, as we aimed to find out if TA would have benefits in treating melasma, alone or in combination therapy. Records were searched in the CENTRAL, MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Lilacs, and IBECS databases, as well as RCT registration platforms up to September 2020 and updated in January 2024. The studies were evaluated for methodological quality using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool Version 2 and synthesized in meta-analyses with a random-effects model.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Thirty-two studies were included, totaling 2376 participants with melasma and comprising 14 different comparisons. For the three main comparisons, TA showed little to no difference in skin lightening compared to placebo (standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.77 to 0.06; <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 65%) and when compared to hydroquinone (SMD = 0.40, 95% CI −0.04 to 0.8; <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 87%), and TA combined with hydroquinone showed the small clinically important difference compared to hydroquinone (SMD = −1.59, 95% CI -2.51 to −0.66; <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 97%).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>The current meta-analysis has demonstrated a proven benefit in the association between hydroquinone and TXA when compared to each agent individually. In the present meta-analysis, the combination of hydroquinone and tranexamic acid demonstrated superior efficacy compared to the use of either agent alone. Further studies are warranted to determine whether this combination could enable shorter treatment durations with both hydroquinone a
{"title":"The Use of Tranexamic Acid to Treat Melasma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Nabila Scabine Pessotti, Vinicius Tassoni Civile, Talita Andrade Brandao, Felipe Ribeiro, Gisele Viana de Oliveira, Nathalia Sernizon Guimarães, Denise Steiner","doi":"10.1155/dth/6691762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/dth/6691762","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a synthetic derivative of the amino acid lysine that inhibits bleeding due to its effects on plasminogen conversion, approved by the FDA to treat menorrhagia and prevent bleeding in hemophilia patients undergoing dental extraction. Several studies have shown TXA benefits in treating melasma, but there is uncertainty about its potential association with an increased risk of thromboembolism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of TXA for the treatment of melasma, alone or in combination therapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included that assessed the effect of TA (alone or in combination) compared to placebo or other active interventions in adults diagnosed with melasma. All studies reporting the use of TA were included in this review, as we aimed to find out if TA would have benefits in treating melasma, alone or in combination therapy. Records were searched in the CENTRAL, MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Lilacs, and IBECS databases, as well as RCT registration platforms up to September 2020 and updated in January 2024. The studies were evaluated for methodological quality using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool Version 2 and synthesized in meta-analyses with a random-effects model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-two studies were included, totaling 2376 participants with melasma and comprising 14 different comparisons. For the three main comparisons, TA showed little to no difference in skin lightening compared to placebo (standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.77 to 0.06; <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 65%) and when compared to hydroquinone (SMD = 0.40, 95% CI −0.04 to 0.8; <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 87%), and TA combined with hydroquinone showed the small clinically important difference compared to hydroquinone (SMD = −1.59, 95% CI -2.51 to −0.66; <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 97%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The current meta-analysis has demonstrated a proven benefit in the association between hydroquinone and TXA when compared to each agent individually. In the present meta-analysis, the combination of hydroquinone and tranexamic acid demonstrated superior efficacy compared to the use of either agent alone. Further studies are warranted to determine whether this combination could enable shorter treatment durations with both hydroquinone a","PeriodicalId":11045,"journal":{"name":"Dermatologic Therapy","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/dth/6691762","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145904871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhiya Yang, Li Zhao, Yonghong Zhang, Dongmei Li, Dongmei Shi
Hyperthermia represents a physiological state marked by an elevation in body temperature due to the malfunctioning of thermoregulatory mechanisms. It transpires when the body either generates or absorbs a greater amount of heat than it is capable of expelling. In clinical practice, hyperthermia has gained increasing recognition compared with traditional laser, freezing, and other treatment measures. However, the regulatory effects of hyperthermia on immune cells and the underlying mechanisms remain insufficiently investigated. In this review, we summarized the therapeutic methods of hyperthermia including thermal water hyperthermia, infrared radiation (IR) hyperthermia, photodynamic therapy, and targeted radiofrequency hyperthermia in dermatology, the clinical practical applications as well as the treatment mechanism based on immune cells. Further studies should be conducted to clarify the underlying mechanisms and promote the clinical applications of hyperthermia.
{"title":"Application of Local Hyperthermia Therapy Based on Immune Cell Function in Cutaneous Infectious Diseases","authors":"Zhiya Yang, Li Zhao, Yonghong Zhang, Dongmei Li, Dongmei Shi","doi":"10.1155/dth/9997244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/dth/9997244","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hyperthermia represents a physiological state marked by an elevation in body temperature due to the malfunctioning of thermoregulatory mechanisms. It transpires when the body either generates or absorbs a greater amount of heat than it is capable of expelling. In clinical practice, hyperthermia has gained increasing recognition compared with traditional laser, freezing, and other treatment measures. However, the regulatory effects of hyperthermia on immune cells and the underlying mechanisms remain insufficiently investigated. In this review, we summarized the therapeutic methods of hyperthermia including thermal water hyperthermia, infrared radiation (IR) hyperthermia, photodynamic therapy, and targeted radiofrequency hyperthermia in dermatology, the clinical practical applications as well as the treatment mechanism based on immune cells. Further studies should be conducted to clarify the underlying mechanisms and promote the clinical applications of hyperthermia.</p>","PeriodicalId":11045,"journal":{"name":"Dermatologic Therapy","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/dth/9997244","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145904812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis) have revolutionised the management of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs); however, their potential to increase the risk of herpes zoster (HZ) remains a major concern.
Methods
A literature search was performed through February 2024. Phase II, III and IV randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and long-term extension (LTE) studies comparing JAKis with placebo, methotrexate or tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis) in IMIDs were included. The primary outcome was the risk ratio (RR) for HZ with JAKis compared to placebo/methotrexate or TNFis. Secondary outcomes included incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for HZ comparing JAKis with active treatments during long-term follow-up.
Results
A total of 94 RCTs and 30 LTE studies, representing 120,698.3 patient-years, were included. Pairwise meta-analysis demonstrated a significantly increased HZ risk with JAKis compared with placebo/methotrexate (RR 1.98, 95% CI 1.56–2.50) and TNFis (RR 2.31, 95% CI 1.73–3.07). Network meta-analysis identified that in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, upadacitinib 30 mg significantly increased HZ risk compared with placebo (IRR 2.76, 95% CI 1.58–4.85; IRR 3.54, 95% CI 1.48–8.50) and TNFis (IRR 5.30, 95% CI 3.19–8.81; IRR 10.76, 95% CI 4.78–24.22). In atopic dermatitis, abrocitinib 200 mg was associated with a higher HZ risk compared to placebo (IRR 4.97, 95% CI 1.58–15.60) and dupilumab (IRR 4.85, 95% CI 1.55–15.22). Tofacitinib 10 mg exhibited a higher HZ risk in inflammatory bowel disease compared to placebo (IRR 8.93, 95% CI 1.16–68.53). Patients with atopic dermatitis demonstrated the highest incidence of HZ in both short- and long-term analyses. The risk of HZ was dose-dependent across all conditions.
Conclusions
JAKi use was significantly associated with an elevated HZ risk in IMIDs, demonstrating a consistent dose–response relationship. These findings emphasise the importance of HZ vaccination before initiating JAKi therapy, particularly for patients on higher doses or long-term treatment.
Janus激酶抑制剂（JAKis）已经彻底改变了免疫介导的炎症性疾病（IMIDs）的管理；然而，它们增加带状疱疹（HZ）风险的可能性仍然是一个主要问题。方法检索至2024年2月。包括II期、III期和IV期随机对照试验（rct）和长期扩展（LTE）研究，比较JAKis与安慰剂、甲氨蝶呤或肿瘤坏死因子抑制剂（TNFis）在IMIDs中的疗效。主要结局是与安慰剂/甲氨蝶呤或tnfi相比，HZ合并JAKis的风险比（RR）。次要结局包括在长期随访期间比较JAKis与积极治疗的HZ发病率比（IRRs）。结果共纳入94项随机对照试验和30项LTE研究，共120,698.3例患者年。配对荟萃分析显示，与安慰剂/甲氨蝶呤（RR 1.98, 95% CI 1.56-2.50）和TNFis （RR 2.31, 95% CI 1.73-3.07）相比，JAKis患者的HZ风险显著增加。网络荟萃分析发现，在类风湿关节炎和银屑病关节炎中，upadacitinib 30 mg与安慰剂（IRR 2.76, 95% CI 1.58-4.85; IRR 3.54, 95% CI 1.48-8.50）和TNFis （IRR 5.30, 95% CI 3.19-8.81; IRR 10.76, 95% CI 4.78-24.22）相比，显著增加HZ风险。在特应性皮炎中，与安慰剂（IRR 4.97, 95% CI 1.58-15.60）和杜匹单抗（IRR 4.85, 95% CI 1.55-15.22）相比，阿布替尼200 mg与更高的HZ风险相关。与安慰剂相比，托法替尼10 mg在炎症性肠病中表现出更高的HZ风险（IRR 8.93, 95% CI 1.16-68.53）。在短期和长期分析中，特应性皮炎患者的HZ发生率最高。HZ的风险在所有情况下都是剂量依赖性的。结论：使用JAKi与IMIDs患者HZ风险升高显著相关，显示出一致的剂量-反应关系。这些发现强调了在开始JAKi治疗之前接种HZ疫苗的重要性，特别是对于高剂量或长期治疗的患者。
{"title":"Risk of Herpes Zoster With Janus Kinase Inhibitors Across Disease Indications: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis","authors":"Yu-Hsiang Lin, Yu-Ching Wang, Chen-Yi Wu, Yun-Ting Chang, Chih-Chiang Chen","doi":"10.1155/dth/2928433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/dth/2928433","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis) have revolutionised the management of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs); however, their potential to increase the risk of herpes zoster (HZ) remains a major concern.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A literature search was performed through February 2024. Phase II, III and IV randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and long-term extension (LTE) studies comparing JAKis with placebo, methotrexate or tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis) in IMIDs were included. The primary outcome was the risk ratio (RR) for HZ with JAKis compared to placebo/methotrexate or TNFis. Secondary outcomes included incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for HZ comparing JAKis with active treatments during long-term follow-up.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 94 RCTs and 30 LTE studies, representing 120,698.3 patient-years, were included. Pairwise meta-analysis demonstrated a significantly increased HZ risk with JAKis compared with placebo/methotrexate (RR 1.98, 95% CI 1.56–2.50) and TNFis (RR 2.31, 95% CI 1.73–3.07). Network meta-analysis identified that in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, upadacitinib 30 mg significantly increased HZ risk compared with placebo (IRR 2.76, 95% CI 1.58–4.85; IRR 3.54, 95% CI 1.48–8.50) and TNFis (IRR 5.30, 95% CI 3.19–8.81; IRR 10.76, 95% CI 4.78–24.22). In atopic dermatitis, abrocitinib 200 mg was associated with a higher HZ risk compared to placebo (IRR 4.97, 95% CI 1.58–15.60) and dupilumab (IRR 4.85, 95% CI 1.55–15.22). Tofacitinib 10 mg exhibited a higher HZ risk in inflammatory bowel disease compared to placebo (IRR 8.93, 95% CI 1.16–68.53). Patients with atopic dermatitis demonstrated the highest incidence of HZ in both short- and long-term analyses. The risk of HZ was dose-dependent across all conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>JAKi use was significantly associated with an elevated HZ risk in IMIDs, demonstrating a consistent dose–response relationship. These findings emphasise the importance of HZ vaccination before initiating JAKi therapy, particularly for patients on higher doses or long-term treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11045,"journal":{"name":"Dermatologic Therapy","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/dth/2928433","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145887686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores the impact of β-glucan on the skin microbiome using high-throughput sequencing, aiming to develop skincare products targeting beneficial microbes.
Methods
A 9-week protocol involved collecting skin microbiota samples at baseline and subsequent weeks. This was followed by a 3-week washout period, after which β-glucan was applied. Samples from three distinct skin regions were subjected to 16S rDNA sequencing. The data analysis encompassed operational taxonomic units (OTUs) clustering, α-diversity and β-diversity metrics, T tests, and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) for the identification of biomarkers.
Results
Skin microbiome analysis at four time points (T0, T3, T6, and T9) in 10 participants over 3 months yielded 13,258 OTUs from 600 samples (10 participants × 4 time points × 3 regions × 5 technical replicates). β-glucan enhanced microbial diversity, with increased unique OTUs at T9. Significant differences in α-diversity (Chao1, observed species, Shannon, Simpson indices) were observed between baseline and T9. PCoA and NMDS analyses revealed shifts in the microbial community structure. LEfSe identified Cutibacterium, Pseudomonas, and Ralstonia as significantly enriched in treatment groups.
Conclusion
β-glucan modulated skin microbiome composition, increasing diversity and stability. These findings suggest its potential role in promoting skin health, warranting further research on its long-term effects.
{"title":"Exploring the Impact of β-Glucan on the Facial Skin Microbiome","authors":"Hailun He, Lidan Xiong, Xin Zhang, Guanlin Chen, Jiarui Chen, Yundi Gao, Xiao Qin","doi":"10.1155/dth/9607063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/dth/9607063","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study explores the impact of β-glucan on the skin microbiome using high-throughput sequencing, aiming to develop skincare products targeting beneficial microbes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 9-week protocol involved collecting skin microbiota samples at baseline and subsequent weeks. This was followed by a 3-week washout period, after which β-glucan was applied. Samples from three distinct skin regions were subjected to 16S rDNA sequencing. The data analysis encompassed operational taxonomic units (OTUs) clustering, α-diversity and β-diversity metrics, <i>T</i> tests, and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) for the identification of biomarkers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Skin microbiome analysis at four time points (T0, T3, T6, and T9) in 10 participants over 3 months yielded 13,258 OTUs from 600 samples (10 participants × 4 time points × 3 regions × 5 technical replicates). β-glucan enhanced microbial diversity, with increased unique OTUs at T9. Significant differences in α-diversity (Chao1, observed species, Shannon, Simpson indices) were observed between baseline and T9. PCoA and NMDS analyses revealed shifts in the microbial community structure. LEfSe identified <i>Cutibacterium</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i>, and <i>Ralstonia</i> as significantly enriched in treatment groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>β-glucan modulated skin microbiome composition, increasing diversity and stability. These findings suggest its potential role in promoting skin health, warranting further research on its long-term effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11045,"journal":{"name":"Dermatologic Therapy","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/dth/9607063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145887633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kåre Steinar Tveit, Antonio Costanzo, Kristian Gaarn Du Jardin, Antonio Sarno, José Manuel Carrascosa
Chronic plaque psoriasis negatively impacts patients’ work productivity, with potential substantial financial implications. This post hoc analysis assessed associations between disease (itch, pain, dermatology life quality index [DLQI], and psoriasis area and severity index [PASI])- and work-related outcome measures (absenteeism, presenteeism, and activity and work impairment) in 116 patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis treated with tildrakizumab for 24 weeks. We extrapolated the potential economic value of reducing work productivity loss with tildrakizumab treatment in society, using Norway as a model. Elevated pain and DLQI scores significantly increased the degree of absenteeism, and pain, DLQI, and itch were significantly positively associated with presenteeism, activity impairment, and work impairment. The PASI did not associate with any work outcome measure. Economic impact due to work productivity loss was extrapolated at approximately EUR 12,700 per person annually. In conclusion, all disease outcome measures except the PASI were associated with a work-related outcome measure, indicating that more holistic measures for assessing psoriasis disease burden may be more beneficial from a patient perspective. Additionally, the economic value of reduced work productivity loss due to tildrakizumab treatment was extrapolated to be substantial in Norwegian society, suggesting that managing plaque psoriasis with this biologic could be clinically and economically beneficial.
{"title":"The Economic Value of Tildrakizumab Treatment in Patients With Moderate-to-Severe Plaque Psoriasis: A Norwegian Perspective","authors":"Kåre Steinar Tveit, Antonio Costanzo, Kristian Gaarn Du Jardin, Antonio Sarno, José Manuel Carrascosa","doi":"10.1155/dth/9529350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/dth/9529350","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chronic plaque psoriasis negatively impacts patients’ work productivity, with potential substantial financial implications. This post hoc analysis assessed associations between disease (itch, pain, dermatology life quality index [DLQI], and psoriasis area and severity index [PASI])- and work-related outcome measures (absenteeism, presenteeism, and activity and work impairment) in 116 patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis treated with tildrakizumab for 24 weeks. We extrapolated the potential economic value of reducing work productivity loss with tildrakizumab treatment in society, using Norway as a model. Elevated pain and DLQI scores significantly increased the degree of absenteeism, and pain, DLQI, and itch were significantly positively associated with presenteeism, activity impairment, and work impairment. The PASI did not associate with any work outcome measure. Economic impact due to work productivity loss was extrapolated at approximately EUR 12,700 per person annually. In conclusion, all disease outcome measures except the PASI were associated with a work-related outcome measure, indicating that more holistic measures for assessing psoriasis disease burden may be more beneficial from a patient perspective. Additionally, the economic value of reduced work productivity loss due to tildrakizumab treatment was extrapolated to be substantial in Norwegian society, suggesting that managing plaque psoriasis with this biologic could be clinically and economically beneficial.</p>","PeriodicalId":11045,"journal":{"name":"Dermatologic Therapy","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/dth/9529350","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145887504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianghan Li, Zhixuan Jiang, Yier Bai, Yubing Bai, Xinyi Huang, Yiqiu Zhang, Shan Wu, Min Yao
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Facial aging is caused by structural and functional degeneration and atrophy of multiple layers including skin, fat, muscle, and bone. Energy-based device (EBD) therapy has been primarily utilized for strengthening muscle, as well as ameliorating the sagging and laxity of skin in the entire body. Hence, the appropriate EBD-induced strength of facial muscles might help improve facial rejuvenation.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Objectives</h3> <p>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of facial rejuvenation by EBD of radiofrequency (RF) with low frequency (LF).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Participants aged 36–70 years with any Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Scale (FWS) score of 2 or higher were invited to the study and received EBD treatment. The primary outcome was the decline of FWS score and machine learning model inferred apparent age (MAA). The differences across age stratifications and the differences across facial regions represented the second outcomes.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>A total of 30 participants were included. Firstly, using a contemporaneous retrospective untreated comparator, the overall variation (baseline–follow-up) in FWS was −0.03 (−0.119 to 0.050 to, ns) in the untreated cohort vs 0.17 (0.083–0.253, <sup>∗∗∗</sup>) in the EBD cohort. For MAA, variations were −0.77 (−1.453 to −0.093, ns) vs 0.66 (−0.270 to 1.595, <sup>∗</sup>), respectively. Thus, EBD showed greater improvement than the retrospective untreated comparator for both endpoints. Secondly, in age stratification and facial region analysis, there were significant statistical differences between the mild and severe laxity stratifications and between periocular and nasolabial regions. Furthermore, the EBD-induced mid-to-upper facial lifting showed differences between the severe laxity stratification and mild laxity stratification, whereas no obvious volume variance of facial soft tissue was observed after treatment. The average visual analog scale (VAS) score was 0.167 (indicating mild and acceptable pain), and patient satisfaction was 86.67%. Adverse events were mainly mild, including slight pain sensation around the dental nerve in four cases (13.33%), as well as transient rash on the cheeks in one case (3.33%).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>The results show that EBD therapy might safely and effectively improve facial aging. This technique appears to offer better facial rejuvenation outcomes for ol
{"title":"The Efficacy of Energy-Based Devices of Radiofrequency With Low Frequency on Facial Aging: A Single-Arm Clinical Trial","authors":"Jianghan Li, Zhixuan Jiang, Yier Bai, Yubing Bai, Xinyi Huang, Yiqiu Zhang, Shan Wu, Min Yao","doi":"10.1155/dth/6661268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/dth/6661268","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Facial aging is caused by structural and functional degeneration and atrophy of multiple layers including skin, fat, muscle, and bone. Energy-based device (EBD) therapy has been primarily utilized for strengthening muscle, as well as ameliorating the sagging and laxity of skin in the entire body. Hence, the appropriate EBD-induced strength of facial muscles might help improve facial rejuvenation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of facial rejuvenation by EBD of radiofrequency (RF) with low frequency (LF).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants aged 36–70 years with any Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Scale (FWS) score of 2 or higher were invited to the study and received EBD treatment. The primary outcome was the decline of FWS score and machine learning model inferred apparent age (MAA). The differences across age stratifications and the differences across facial regions represented the second outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 30 participants were included. Firstly, using a contemporaneous retrospective untreated comparator, the overall variation (baseline–follow-up) in FWS was −0.03 (−0.119 to 0.050 to, ns) in the untreated cohort vs 0.17 (0.083–0.253, <sup>∗∗∗</sup>) in the EBD cohort. For MAA, variations were −0.77 (−1.453 to −0.093, ns) vs 0.66 (−0.270 to 1.595, <sup>∗</sup>), respectively. Thus, EBD showed greater improvement than the retrospective untreated comparator for both endpoints. Secondly, in age stratification and facial region analysis, there were significant statistical differences between the mild and severe laxity stratifications and between periocular and nasolabial regions. Furthermore, the EBD-induced mid-to-upper facial lifting showed differences between the severe laxity stratification and mild laxity stratification, whereas no obvious volume variance of facial soft tissue was observed after treatment. The average visual analog scale (VAS) score was 0.167 (indicating mild and acceptable pain), and patient satisfaction was 86.67%. Adverse events were mainly mild, including slight pain sensation around the dental nerve in four cases (13.33%), as well as transient rash on the cheeks in one case (3.33%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results show that EBD therapy might safely and effectively improve facial aging. This technique appears to offer better facial rejuvenation outcomes for ol","PeriodicalId":11045,"journal":{"name":"Dermatologic Therapy","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/dth/6661268","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145887557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hailey–Hailey disease (familial benign chronic pemphigus) is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis caused by ATP2C1 gene mutations, leading to defective calcium-dependent ATPase. The function of this protein is to regulate calcium sequestration in the Golgi apparatus. While the mutation leads to impaired desmosome function, causing acantholysis of the suprabasal epidermis in the skin. Clinically, it presents with vesicles, erosions, fissures and weeping plaques, primarily in intertriginous areas. Symptoms worsen with heat, sweat, friction, and trauma, while treatment options remain limited.
Objectives
The aim of this systematic review was to review the available literature to assess the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin as a therapeutic option for the treatment of Hailey–Hailey disease.
Methods
A literature review was conducted in Embase and MEDLINE using keywords like “Hailey–Hailey disease,” “pemphigus,” and “botulin toxin.” The search followed PRISMA guidelines, incorporating EMTREE and MESH terms. Inclusion criteria covered original trials, case reports, and case series in English until July 2025. Of 28 identified studies, 21 were included after further manual review.
Results
Twenty-one articles involving 68 patients described the use of botulinum toxin in HHD. Most patients achieved significant improvement and partial or complete remission of skin symptoms after injection or reinjection of botulinum toxin. Only one patient showed no improvement in target lesions. Combined botulinum toxin, photodynamic therapy, and dapsone yielded superior improvement with PDT + BoNT-A showing better outcomes than BoNT-A alone. No side effects were observed.
Conclusions
Botulinum toxin appears to be a promising therapeutic alternative in HHD with a very good tolerability, both as a complementary treatment and as an adjuvant to other forms of therapy, such as PDT. Larger studies are required to confirm its efficacy, long-term effects, and also to establish the optimal doses and number of botulinum toxin injections resulting in a standardized treatment regimen.
{"title":"Therapeutic Potential of Botulinum Toxin in Hailey–Hailey Disease","authors":"Paulina Rutecka-Wolak, Aleksandra Frątczak, Dawid Wolak, Wiktor Kruczek, Karina Polak, Mirosław Śnietura, Miziołek Bartosz, Beata Bergler-Czop","doi":"10.1155/dth/7369095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/dth/7369095","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hailey–Hailey disease (familial benign chronic pemphigus) is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis caused by ATP2C1 gene mutations, leading to defective calcium-dependent ATPase. The function of this protein is to regulate calcium sequestration in the Golgi apparatus. While the mutation leads to impaired desmosome function, causing acantholysis of the suprabasal epidermis in the skin. Clinically, it presents with vesicles, erosions, fissures and weeping plaques, primarily in intertriginous areas. Symptoms worsen with heat, sweat, friction, and trauma, while treatment options remain limited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this systematic review was to review the available literature to assess the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin as a therapeutic option for the treatment of Hailey–Hailey disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A literature review was conducted in Embase and MEDLINE using keywords like “Hailey–Hailey disease,” “pemphigus,” and “botulin toxin.” The search followed PRISMA guidelines, incorporating EMTREE and MESH terms. Inclusion criteria covered original trials, case reports, and case series in English until July 2025. Of 28 identified studies, 21 were included after further manual review.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-one articles involving 68 patients described the use of botulinum toxin in HHD. Most patients achieved significant improvement and partial or complete remission of skin symptoms after injection or reinjection of botulinum toxin. Only one patient showed no improvement in target lesions. Combined botulinum toxin, photodynamic therapy, and dapsone yielded superior improvement with PDT + BoNT-A showing better outcomes than BoNT-A alone. No side effects were observed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Botulinum toxin appears to be a promising therapeutic alternative in HHD with a very good tolerability, both as a complementary treatment and as an adjuvant to other forms of therapy, such as PDT. Larger studies are required to confirm its efficacy, long-term effects, and also to establish the optimal doses and number of botulinum toxin injections resulting in a standardized treatment regimen.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11045,"journal":{"name":"Dermatologic Therapy","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/dth/7369095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145848283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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