Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501756375.003.0007
Lynne A. Weikart
This chapter details how Mayor Michael Bloomberg celebrated successes and suffered defeats when it came to low-income housing. It mentions 165,000 units of affordable housing that Bloomberg built or renovated during his three terms, a record surpassed only by mayors Fiorello La Guardia and Ed Koch. It also reviews the highly sophisticated system of financing that Bloomberg created to accomplish his feat on housing, which included funding the New York City Housing Trust Fund. The chapter recounts the establishment of the New York City Acquisition Fund that built affordable though not necessarily low-income housing, providing developers financial incentives through various federal and state programs. It highlights the housing policy in which Bloomberg suffered his greatest defeat as he lost more low-income housing than he built.
本章详细介绍了迈克尔·布隆伯格市长在低收入住房问题上是如何庆祝成功和遭受失败的。报告提到，布隆伯格在他的三个任期内建造或翻新了16.5万套经济适用房，只有市长菲奥雷洛·拉瓜迪亚(Fiorello La Guardia)和埃德·科赫(Ed Koch)能超越这个纪录。书中还回顾了布隆伯格为完成他在住房方面的壮举而创建的高度复杂的融资体系，其中包括为纽约市住房信托基金(New York City housing Trust Fund)提供资金。本章叙述了纽约市购置基金(New York City Acquisition Fund)的建立，该基金建造了可负担的住房，但不一定是低收入住房，并通过各种联邦和州计划向开发商提供财政激励。它凸显了布隆伯格遭受最大失败的住房政策，他失去的低收入住房比他建造的还要多。
{"title":"The Lack of Low-Income Housing","authors":"Lynne A. Weikart","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501756375.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501756375.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter details how Mayor Michael Bloomberg celebrated successes and suffered defeats when it came to low-income housing. It mentions 165,000 units of affordable housing that Bloomberg built or renovated during his three terms, a record surpassed only by mayors Fiorello La Guardia and Ed Koch. It also reviews the highly sophisticated system of financing that Bloomberg created to accomplish his feat on housing, which included funding the New York City Housing Trust Fund. The chapter recounts the establishment of the New York City Acquisition Fund that built affordable though not necessarily low-income housing, providing developers financial incentives through various federal and state programs. It highlights the housing policy in which Bloomberg suffered his greatest defeat as he lost more low-income housing than he built.","PeriodicalId":110767,"journal":{"name":"Mayor Michael Bloomberg","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131070053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501756375.003.0002
Lynne A. Weikart
This chapter highlights an urban political theory in order to provide an analytical perspective to view the leadership strategies and tactics of Mayor Michael Bloomberg. It reviews the perspective of the history of mayors in New York City to give a gauge to measure Bloomberg's successes and failures. It also mentions classic pluralist studies, such as Edward Banfield's Political Influences and Robert Dahl's Who Governs, that focus on interest group analysis. The chapter analyzes Michael Bloomberg's policies that fall within the polity approach as he is well-known within a long line of pro-growth reformers. It emphasizes Bloomberg's belief in the power of elected officials to improve citizens' lives and promotion of economic growth that can be achieved by the local government working side by side with the private sector.
{"title":"Bloomberg’s Place in Urban Theory and in the City’s History","authors":"Lynne A. Weikart","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501756375.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501756375.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter highlights an urban political theory in order to provide an analytical perspective to view the leadership strategies and tactics of Mayor Michael Bloomberg. It reviews the perspective of the history of mayors in New York City to give a gauge to measure Bloomberg's successes and failures. It also mentions classic pluralist studies, such as Edward Banfield's Political Influences and Robert Dahl's Who Governs, that focus on interest group analysis. The chapter analyzes Michael Bloomberg's policies that fall within the polity approach as he is well-known within a long line of pro-growth reformers. It emphasizes Bloomberg's belief in the power of elected officials to improve citizens' lives and promotion of economic growth that can be achieved by the local government working side by side with the private sector.","PeriodicalId":110767,"journal":{"name":"Mayor Michael Bloomberg","volume":"226 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114017677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501756375.003.0008
Lynne A. Weikart
This chapter highlights the small improvement in the condition of New York City residents who lived in poverty during the Bloomberg administration. It cites the New York City Government Poverty Measure, 2005–2015, which notes that the citywide poverty rate fell to 19.9 percent from 20.6 percent in 2014 and the share of the population living at or near the poverty rate declined to 44.2 percent. It also reviews Mayor Michael Bloomberg's anti-poverty work, which focused on job creation, education, public health, justice, affordable housing, social services, and policies to help working families. The chapter focuses on Bloomberg's comprehensive strategy of increasing jobs, improving education, and building enough affordable housing to increase the number of people that would move out of poverty. It mentions Robert Doar and Verna Eggleston, HRA commissioners during Bloomberg's terms, who both endorsed work components first in any welfare program rather than training and education.
{"title":"Antipoverty Initiatives","authors":"Lynne A. Weikart","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501756375.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501756375.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter highlights the small improvement in the condition of New York City residents who lived in poverty during the Bloomberg administration. It cites the New York City Government Poverty Measure, 2005–2015, which notes that the citywide poverty rate fell to 19.9 percent from 20.6 percent in 2014 and the share of the population living at or near the poverty rate declined to 44.2 percent. It also reviews Mayor Michael Bloomberg's anti-poverty work, which focused on job creation, education, public health, justice, affordable housing, social services, and policies to help working families. The chapter focuses on Bloomberg's comprehensive strategy of increasing jobs, improving education, and building enough affordable housing to increase the number of people that would move out of poverty. It mentions Robert Doar and Verna Eggleston, HRA commissioners during Bloomberg's terms, who both endorsed work components first in any welfare program rather than training and education.","PeriodicalId":110767,"journal":{"name":"Mayor Michael Bloomberg","volume":"204 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131774731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501756375.003.0004
Lynne A. Weikart
This chapter analyzes Mayor Michael Bloomberg's financing strategies and tracks how they changed over time, growing in understanding on how the city could be structured financially for its long-term fiscal health. It discusses Bloomberg's ideas about urban finance that matured as he gained experience in raising and spending New York City's resources, even while dealing with major fiscal crises. It also refers to Bloomberg's limitations on his powers as compared to those of the governor and the federal government, noting that his insufficient power was relative to that of entrenched labor unions. The chapter emphasizes Bloomberg's impressive achievement of balancing the budget while he held the reins of government after the 9/11 attack, the 2008 recession, and Hurricane Sandy. It describes the first set of strategies Bloomberg adopted before the 2008 recession and the second set after it.
{"title":"Creating Long-Term Fiscal Health","authors":"Lynne A. Weikart","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501756375.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501756375.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter analyzes Mayor Michael Bloomberg's financing strategies and tracks how they changed over time, growing in understanding on how the city could be structured financially for its long-term fiscal health. It discusses Bloomberg's ideas about urban finance that matured as he gained experience in raising and spending New York City's resources, even while dealing with major fiscal crises. It also refers to Bloomberg's limitations on his powers as compared to those of the governor and the federal government, noting that his insufficient power was relative to that of entrenched labor unions. The chapter emphasizes Bloomberg's impressive achievement of balancing the budget while he held the reins of government after the 9/11 attack, the 2008 recession, and Hurricane Sandy. It describes the first set of strategies Bloomberg adopted before the 2008 recession and the second set after it.","PeriodicalId":110767,"journal":{"name":"Mayor Michael Bloomberg","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132293658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501756375.003.0006
Lynne A. Weikart
This chapter talks about the increase of homeless people in temporary shelters during Mayor Michael Bloomberg's term in New York City, which was considered the largest number since the Great Depression. It notes that in fiscal year 2014, the Coalition for the Homeless stated that 53,615 people were residing in New York City's temporary shelter system. It also discusses the growth in temporary shelters that reduced the number of people living on the street by 28 percent. The chapter mentions how Bloomberg's plan to decrease the overall numbers of homeless people seemed inadequate, but it points out that he could not have done any better as he had no financial support from the state and there was no change in federal policy. It emphasizes the mistake of seeing the city's problems as purely local without considering the role of state and federal decision making.
{"title":"The Staggering Growth in Homelessness","authors":"Lynne A. Weikart","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501756375.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501756375.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter talks about the increase of homeless people in temporary shelters during Mayor Michael Bloomberg's term in New York City, which was considered the largest number since the Great Depression. It notes that in fiscal year 2014, the Coalition for the Homeless stated that 53,615 people were residing in New York City's temporary shelter system. It also discusses the growth in temporary shelters that reduced the number of people living on the street by 28 percent. The chapter mentions how Bloomberg's plan to decrease the overall numbers of homeless people seemed inadequate, but it points out that he could not have done any better as he had no financial support from the state and there was no change in federal policy. It emphasizes the mistake of seeing the city's problems as purely local without considering the role of state and federal decision making.","PeriodicalId":110767,"journal":{"name":"Mayor Michael Bloomberg","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126590612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501756375.003.0009
Lynne A. Weikart
This chapter discusses Mayor Michael Bloomberg's lack of experience about the city's educational system and the Department of Education. It recounts Bloomberg's disastrous appointment of Cathie Black as the commissioner of the Department of Education after he fired Joel Klein in 2011, as she was a publishing executive who had no experience in education. It also analyzes that Bloomberg's decision lacked fundamental logic as he believed in a market-based ideology, which infiltrated educational policy since the years of President Ronald Reagan. The chapter considers Bloomberg as a business person who was a believer in market-based reforms, not an educator steeped in conventional philosophies. It cites the market-based reforms that appealed to Bloomberg, which grew out of the school reform movement that began in 1983 with the publication of A Nation at Risk.
本章讨论了迈克尔·布隆伯格市长对纽约市教育系统和教育部缺乏经验。该书讲述了布隆伯格在2011年解雇了乔尔•克莱因(Joel Klein)后，灾难性地任命凯茜•布莱克(Cathie Black)为教育部(Department of Education)局长。克莱因是一名出版业高管，没有任何教育经验。该报还分析说，布隆伯格相信从里根总统时代开始渗透到教育政策中的市场主义思想，因此他的决定缺乏基本的逻辑。该章节认为布隆伯格是一位信奉市场化改革的商人，而不是一位沉浸在传统哲学中的教育家。它引用了吸引布隆伯格的基于市场的改革，这种改革源于1983年以《危险中的国家》(A Nation at Risk)出版为标志的学校改革运动。
{"title":"Successes and Failures in Education Reform","authors":"Lynne A. Weikart","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501756375.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501756375.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses Mayor Michael Bloomberg's lack of experience about the city's educational system and the Department of Education. It recounts Bloomberg's disastrous appointment of Cathie Black as the commissioner of the Department of Education after he fired Joel Klein in 2011, as she was a publishing executive who had no experience in education. It also analyzes that Bloomberg's decision lacked fundamental logic as he believed in a market-based ideology, which infiltrated educational policy since the years of President Ronald Reagan. The chapter considers Bloomberg as a business person who was a believer in market-based reforms, not an educator steeped in conventional philosophies. It cites the market-based reforms that appealed to Bloomberg, which grew out of the school reform movement that began in 1983 with the publication of A Nation at Risk.","PeriodicalId":110767,"journal":{"name":"Mayor Michael Bloomberg","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114333901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.1515/9781501756399-006
{"title":"2. Setting the Tone","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9781501756399-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501756399-006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":110767,"journal":{"name":"Mayor Michael Bloomberg","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134106920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501756375.003.0003
Lynne A. Weikart
This chapter recounts how the citizens of New York elected Michael Bloomberg to the city's highest office, two months after the 9/11 attack. It talks about why New Yorkers voted for a highly successful businessman and well-known philanthropist during that uncertain time. It also mentions Bloomberg's innovative technology business that he has built for the twenty-first century, which brought to the mayor's office years of management and planning experience. The chapter elaborates how Bloomberg's mayoralty would combine his private world of business with the public world of government. It highlights two things that Bloomberg prioritized in the first one hundred days: Setting the correct tone and picking a good team.
{"title":"Setting the Tone","authors":"Lynne A. Weikart","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501756375.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501756375.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter recounts how the citizens of New York elected Michael Bloomberg to the city's highest office, two months after the 9/11 attack. It talks about why New Yorkers voted for a highly successful businessman and well-known philanthropist during that uncertain time. It also mentions Bloomberg's innovative technology business that he has built for the twenty-first century, which brought to the mayor's office years of management and planning experience. The chapter elaborates how Bloomberg's mayoralty would combine his private world of business with the public world of government. It highlights two things that Bloomberg prioritized in the first one hundred days: Setting the correct tone and picking a good team.","PeriodicalId":110767,"journal":{"name":"Mayor Michael Bloomberg","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129845449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501756375.003.0011
Lynne A. Weikart
This chapter reviews Mayor Michael Bloomberg's policy mix of economic and social investment. It uses urban theory to help explain how Bloomberg, who exemplified a strong leader with considerable skills, sometimes failed to meet his own objectives because of external constraints. It also discusses how Bloomberg's own limitations accounted for some of his failures, such as his reluctance to step in when his commissioners were inadequate to the task, causing further problems. The chapter emphasizes how Michael Bloomberg governed differently as he brought business discipline and analytics to running a global city. It refers to Bloomberg's greatest contribution, which was his enthusiastic embrace of all people regardless of ethnicity, race, or religion.
{"title":"Conclusion","authors":"Lynne A. Weikart","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501756375.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501756375.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews Mayor Michael Bloomberg's policy mix of economic and social investment. It uses urban theory to help explain how Bloomberg, who exemplified a strong leader with considerable skills, sometimes failed to meet his own objectives because of external constraints. It also discusses how Bloomberg's own limitations accounted for some of his failures, such as his reluctance to step in when his commissioners were inadequate to the task, causing further problems. The chapter emphasizes how Michael Bloomberg governed differently as he brought business discipline and analytics to running a global city. It refers to Bloomberg's greatest contribution, which was his enthusiastic embrace of all people regardless of ethnicity, race, or religion.","PeriodicalId":110767,"journal":{"name":"Mayor Michael Bloomberg","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114042344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.1515/9781501756399-010
{"title":"6. The Lack of Low-Income Housing","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9781501756399-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501756399-010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":110767,"journal":{"name":"Mayor Michael Bloomberg","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131118121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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