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Field Trial Results for New Sand Control Technology for Water Injectors 注水井防砂新技术的现场试验结果
Pub Date : 2018-11-12 DOI: 10.2118/192840-MS
S. Fipke, J. E. Charles, Annabel Green
In 2014, an R&D project was intitiated to develop an innovative technological solution to improve the performance and reliability of Deepwater Gulf of Mexico assets. The objective was to increase the life expectancy of Miocene and Lower Tertiary water injection (WI) wells, several of which had suffered a severe loss of injectivity within only a few years of completion. Before scoping out the project, an internal study was conducted to compile and analyse the available data. The root problem was identified as an accumulation of formation solids inside the lower completion; principally fine matrix sand that had been pulled in from the reservoir. These formation solids are normally stationary during steady injection, but can be mobilized during shut-ins (maintenance, pump problems, environmental conditions, etc.) due to powerful transient flow effects such as back-flow, cross-flow and even water-hammer. Eventually, enough solid fill can accumulate inside the lower completion as to diminish the injection rates. At this point the operator must consider some very expensive options such as to sidetrack or re-drill a new injector well. The obvious solution to this problem was to find a way to prevent the fine material from getting inside the completion. The challenge was to do so while sustaining high injection rates, with no loss of injection pressure or requirement for additional horsepower. Therefore, the goal of the project was to find a practical, efficient method of stopping the formation material from entering the lower completion during a shut-in cycle. To achieve this, a new flow control device (FCD) and completion system was developed with intrinsic non-return valves (NRV) that are designed to prevent any back-flow or cross-flow during the shut-ins. Also, depending on well conditions, the system will minimize the damaging effects of water-hammer: rapid, high-amplitude pressure cycles that can occur during a sudden stoppage of flow.
2014年,公司启动了一个研发项目,旨在开发一种创新的技术解决方案,以提高墨西哥湾深水资产的性能和可靠性。目的是提高中新世和下第三纪注水井的预期寿命,其中几口井在完井后的几年内就遭受了严重的注入能力损失。在确定项目范围之前,进行了一项内部研究,以汇编和分析现有数据。问题的根源在于下部完井内地层固体的堆积;主要是从储层中取出的细基质砂。在稳定注入过程中,这些地层固体通常是静止的,但在关井(维修、泵问题、环境条件等)期间,由于强大的瞬态流动效应(如回流、交叉流动甚至水锤),这些固体可能会被调动起来。最终,下部完井段内会积聚足够的固体充填物,从而降低注入速度。此时,作业者必须考虑一些非常昂贵的选择,如侧钻或重新钻一口新的注入井。解决这个问题的明显方法是找到一种方法来防止细小的材料进入完井。挑战在于,在保持高注入速度的同时,不损失注入压力,也不需要额外的马力。因此,该项目的目标是找到一种实用、有效的方法,在关井周期内阻止地层材料进入下部完井段。为了实现这一目标,开发了一种新的流量控制装置(FCD)和完井系统,其内置止回阀(NRV)可以防止关井期间发生倒流或过流。此外,根据井况,该系统将最大限度地减少水锤的破坏性影响:在突然停止流动时可能发生的快速、高振幅压力循环。
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引用次数: 1
A Study on the Effect of Biological Processes on Trapping Mechanisms and Storage Capacity for High Temperature Depleted Gas Field 高温枯竭气田生物过程对捕集机制和储量的影响研究
Pub Date : 2018-11-12 DOI: 10.2118/193262-ms
Sharidah Mohd Amin
One of the most secure storage sites for CO2 injection is in depleted gas reservoirs. To ensure that the CO2 is trapped securely and will not escape to the surface, storage in such formations must be study carefully prior to injection in such formations. After the injection, the injected CO2 will undergo several trapping mechanisms; namely: hydrodynamic, solubility and mineral trapping. The extend of geochemical reactions involved depend on the composition of the injected fluid introduced in the aquifer, the composition of the initial minerals assemblage and the aquifer brine. In this paper, the importance of biological/microbial mechanisms towards the impact on the storage capacity was studied using reactive transport modelling. The results obtained shows that the presence of microbial compound such as organic matter contributes to the enhancement of mineral precipitation, resulting in secure long-term storage.
最安全的二氧化碳注入储存地点之一是在枯竭的气藏中。为了确保二氧化碳被安全捕获,不会泄漏到地面,在注入这些地层之前,必须仔细研究在这些地层中的储存。注入后,注入的二氧化碳会经历几种捕集机制;即:流体力学、溶解度和矿物捕获。所涉及的地球化学反应的范围取决于引入含水层的注入流体的组成、初始矿物组合的组成和含水层卤水的组成。本文利用反应输运模型研究了生物/微生物机制对储存量影响的重要性。结果表明,有机质等微生物化合物的存在有助于矿物沉淀的增强,从而实现安全的长期储存。
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引用次数: 1
Forecasting Unconventional Volatile Oil Reservoirs Using Compositional Reservoir Simulation and Hybrid Decline Curve Models 利用储层组成模拟和混合递减曲线模型预测非常规挥发油储层
Pub Date : 2018-11-12 DOI: 10.2118/193024-MS
John Xavier, A. Khanal, John W. Lee
Despite emerging technology in the areas of unconventional forecasting, recovery factors are merely a fraction of its conventional counterparts. Unconventional reservoirs are characterized by their ultra-low permeability. It is to be noted that traditional decline curve analysis (DCA) is not best suited to forecast unconventional reservoirs. This is due, in part to a variety of reasons the most important being lengthy transition zones from transient flow to boundary-dominated flow which is highlighted in this paper via the usage of diagnostic plots. The objective of this paper is to compare the production performance of volatile oil reservoirs, generated from a commercial compositional simulator, by using simple decline models used in the industry. Fluids with different initial gas to oil ratio (GOR), due to different fluid composition, was simulated for a period of 30 years. Oil rate was forecasted by assuming different lengths of available production history. We present the application of diagnostic plots to identify different flow regime. The results from our study showed that the duration of linear flow period and the transition from linear to boundary dominated flow varies drastically based on the initial fluid composition. With respect to the decline curve analysis performed, a hybrid decline curve model was used to model different sections of the production profile. Since we are analyzing volatile oil reservoirs, the biggest challenge in performing traditional DCA is the effect of multi-phase flow behavior. So, use of hybrid decline model results in a better production forecasting compared to a single decline curve. With the advent of the shale boom, many oil and gas producers struggle to forecast unconventional reservoirs effectively. We believe that this paper serves to further elucidate the theory and application behind the concept of unconventional forecasting.
尽管非常规预测领域出现了新兴技术,但采收率仅为常规预测的一小部分。非常规储层具有超低渗透率的特点。需要注意的是,传统的递减曲线分析(DCA)并不适合非常规油藏的预测。这部分是由于各种各样的原因,最重要的是从瞬态流到边界主导流的漫长过渡区,这在本文中通过使用诊断图来强调。本文的目的是通过使用行业中使用的简单递减模型,比较由商业成分模拟器生成的挥发性油藏的生产动态。由于流体成分不同,对具有不同初始气油比(GOR)的流体进行了为期30年的模拟。通过假设不同长度的可用生产历史来预测产油量。我们提出了诊断图的应用,以确定不同的流动形式。研究结果表明,随着初始流体成分的不同,线性流动周期的持续时间和从线性流动到边界主导流动的转变变化很大。在进行递减曲线分析时,采用混合递减曲线模型对生产剖面的不同剖面进行建模。由于我们分析的是挥发性油藏,因此传统DCA的最大挑战是多相流行为的影响。因此,与单一递减曲线相比,使用混合递减模型可以更好地预测产量。随着页岩热潮的到来,许多油气生产商难以有效预测非常规油气藏。我们认为本文有助于进一步阐明非常规预测概念背后的理论和应用。
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引用次数: 0
Late Hirnantian Clastic Depositional Systems Using Sequence Stratigraphy and Chronostratigraphy 层序地层学与年代地层学研究海南天晚期碎屑沉积体系
Pub Date : 2018-11-12 DOI: 10.2118/193044-MS
S. Al-Shahrani, R. Zühlke
The Hoban and Baqaa Members are located between the glacial to early post-glacial Sarah Formation (Ordovician) and the Qalibah Formation (Silurian). They have been distinguished as separate stratigraphic units in few outcrops of northern Saudi Arabia based on palynological analyses, graptolites, shell fragments, and their predominantly shallow marine depositional environments. There has been long debate over whether the Hoban and Baqaa Members should be attributed to other upper Sarah Formations or the lower Qalibah Formation. This debate fundamentally concerns the location of the Silurian-Ordovician sequence boundary, which developed globally, in central Arabia. Detailed sedimentological and stratigraphical data of the latest Ordovician to earliest Silurian interval were available from the subsurface. Therefore, the main aim of this project is to provide a detailed sedimentological model for the Hoban and Baqaa Members, both in outcrop-reservoir analogues and in the subsurface. This includes a sequence stratigraphic correlation between outcrops and wells, and general depositional environment maps. The resulting model provides an improved understanding of depositional changes as well as relative and eustatic sea-level changes across the Ordovician-Silurian boundary in Arabia. The study is based on 16 outcrop sections in three different regions of northwestern and northeastern Saudi Arabia (Tabuk, Tayma, and east of Hail) and 26 shallow and deep well cores. Outcrops and the well are enclosed in a total area of about 340 by 100 km. The Hoban Member has a thickness between 0-40 m (typically 23 m) and consists of two units, which represent the final stages of glaciation. Sediment deformation, internal brecciation, and angular Sarah clasts are widespread. The Baqaa Member, which has a thickness of 15-40 m (typically 31 m), unconformably overlies the Hoban Member and consists of two to three shallowing-upward cycles (high-frequency sequences). Each cycle consists of a basal transgressive part (proximal offshore) and a regressive part (lower to upper shoreface or foreshore, respectively). The top of each cycle is formed by closely stacked submarine hardgrounds (transgressive surface at the base) with ample bioturbation and shell horizons. Hot shales of the Qusaiba Member (Qalibah Formation) conformably cover the hardground of the upper Baqaa shallowing-upward cycle. Palynological data indicates that both the Hoban and Baqaa are late Ordovician in age, while the Qusaiba shales are lower Silurian. The Hoban Member represents stages of final glacial advance and local sediment mass transport in a peri-glacial environment. The Baqaa Member represents post-glacial flooding with prograding beach and shoreface systems. During peak transgression, intermittent open marine conditions existed. Long-term fully marine conditions were only established in the lowermost Qusaiba Member. From a process-oriented perspective, the Hoban Member constitutes the uppermost m
胡班段和巴嘎段位于冰期至冰期后早期萨拉组(奥陶系)和加里巴组(志留纪)之间。根据孢粉学分析、笔石、贝壳碎片及其主要的浅海沉积环境,在沙特阿拉伯北部的几个露头中,它们被区分为单独的地层单元。长期以来,人们一直在争论胡班和巴嘎段是属于其他上萨拉组还是下卡利巴组。这场争论从根本上涉及到志留纪-奥陶系层序边界的位置,这是全球范围内发育的,位于阿拉伯半岛中部。从地下获得了奥陶世晚期至志留纪早期的详细沉积地层资料。因此,该项目的主要目的是为胡班和巴嘎段提供一个详细的沉积学模型,包括露头-储层类似物和地下。这包括露头与井的层序地层对比和一般沉积环境图。由此产生的模型提供了对阿拉伯地区奥陶系-志留系边界沉积变化以及相对和上升海平面变化的更好理解。该研究基于沙特阿拉伯西北部和东北部三个不同地区(Tabuk、Tayma和Hail以东)的16个露头剖面和26个浅井和深井岩心。露头和油井的总面积约为340乘100公里。霍班成员的厚度在0-40米之间(通常为23米),由两个单元组成,代表了冰川作用的最后阶段。沉积物变形、内部角化和角状萨拉碎屑分布广泛。Baqaa段厚度为15-40 m(典型为31 m),不整合地覆盖在Hoban段上,由2 - 3个浅上旋回(高频层序)组成。每个旋回由一个基底海侵部分(近岸)和一个退海部分(分别为上至下滨面或前滨)组成。每个旋回的顶部由紧密堆积的海底硬地层(底部的海侵表面)形成,具有充足的生物扰动和贝壳层。Qalibah组古赛坝段热页岩整合覆盖了Baqaa上浅上旋回的硬地层。孢粉学资料表明,胡班页岩和巴卡页岩均为晚奥陶世,而库赛巴页岩为下志留世。胡班段代表了末次冰期推进的各个阶段和冰期周围环境中局部沉积物的搬运。Baqaa成员代表冰川后的洪水与推进的海滩和海岸系统。在海侵高峰期间,存在间歇性的开阔海况。长期的完全海相条件仅在曲赛坝段最下层建立。从过程的角度看,胡班段是(近)冰期萨拉组的最上一段,巴嘎段是冰期后卡利巴组的最下一段。
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引用次数: 0
Innovation of Sand Management and Conformance Control Design in a Steam Flood in the South of the Sultanate of Oman 阿曼苏丹国南部某蒸汽驱油藏防砂与控制设计创新
Pub Date : 2018-11-12 DOI: 10.2118/192921-MS
Wafa Shizawi, R. Zadjali, M. Riyami, L. Bellmann, Haitham Yahya'Ei
A thermal steam project has been successfully implemented in a Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) field in the South of Oman. The steam flood developed the crest of the field and incremental oil recovery from formation A has been obtained. Based on this success expansion of the steam flood in the field is planned. The southern extension will encounter the same formation A as developed at the crest. The northern extension, however, will contain two new formations (B and C). For these two new formations limited field data on sand production is available, and a sand prediction evaluation for both cold & thermal production conditions is required. Additional to that, the field development strategy requires that the oil producers will be re-completed after steam breakthrough and a flexible placement of the pump above/below the perforations at different phases of the steam flood. Successful implementation of conformance control in wells with sand control has a significant impact on the oil recovery and thus economics of the project. This paper focuses on formation B. The assessment of the likelihood of sand production and the requirement of sand control was based on a combination of a) actual field data such as sand production, well performance & completion data; and b) a sand production model for the different production conditions (hot and cold) utilizing rock-mechanical data. The sand evaluation study demonstrated that there is a risk of catastrophic sand failure under both cold and hot operation conditions and thus a completion with thermally compliant sand control and conformance control is required for this formation. Core sieve analysis data were used to determine the Particle Size Distribution (PSD), which was used to select the sand control type and screen slot width. A standalone wire wrap screen has been selected for sand control in formation B. A completion that combines a standalone wire wrap screen, with the provision of conformance control by isolating perforation intervals, with placement of a 4.5" tubing pump below the (isolated) sand screen is challenging to design. Multiple completion types have been evaluated and a new type of technology for PDO of sand control with an isolation sleeve is proposed to meet the requirements of the field development plan. It is expected that this new design with flexible recompletion of the sand control system will have a large impact on the oil recovery.
阿曼南部石油开发公司(PDO)的一个热蒸汽项目已经成功实施。蒸汽驱发展到油田的顶峰,取得了A层的增量采收率。在此成功的基础上,计划在该油田扩大蒸汽驱。南部延伸部分将遇到在顶部发育的相同地层A。然而,北部延伸部分将包含两个新地层(B和C),对于这两个新地层,可获得的出砂数据有限,并且需要对冷产和热产条件进行出砂预测评估。此外,油田开发策略要求在蒸汽突破后重新完井,并在蒸汽驱的不同阶段将泵灵活地放置在射孔上方/下方。在防砂井中成功实施一致性控制对原油采收率和项目的经济效益具有重要影响。本文的研究重点是b层。对出砂可能性和防砂要求的评估是基于以下方面的综合评估:a)实际现场数据,如出砂量、井况和完井数据;b)利用岩石力学数据建立了不同生产条件(冷热)下的出砂模型。砂粒评价研究表明,无论在冷热工况下,都有发生灾难性砂粒破坏的风险,因此需要对该地层进行热适应性防砂和一致性控制完井。通过岩心筛分分析数据,确定了砂体粒径分布(PSD),并据此选择防砂类型和筛缝宽度。b层的防砂作业选择了独立的绕丝筛管,通过隔离射孔段来控制井眼的一致性,并在(隔离的)防砂筛管下方放置4.5英寸的油管泵,这种完井作业的设计具有挑战性。通过对多种完井类型的评价,提出了一种新型的带隔离滑套防砂PDO技术,以满足油田开发计划的要求。预计这种具有灵活再完井防砂系统的新设计将对石油采收率产生重大影响。
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引用次数: 0
Integration of P-P,P-S, and Diffraction Imaging Brings Geophysics, Geology and Engineering Together-A Case Study of the KOC Sabriyah Field P-P、P-S和衍射成像的集成将地球物理、地质和工程结合在一起——以科威特石油公司Sabriyah油田为例
Pub Date : 2018-11-12 DOI: 10.2118/193013-MS
Hanan F. Al-Saeed, S. Duncan, Jassim Al-Kanderi, D. Negut, Cathy Martin, W. Nowry
The Kuwait Oil Company's (KOC) Sabriyah field, located in North Kuwait, produces oil and condensate from the Jurassic Najmah formation in a structurally complex setting. In 2017, Kuwait Oil Company reprocessed their 50 square km, three-component 3D seismic survey originally shot in 2010, to include shear wave splitting analysis and diffraction imaging. This project was undertaken not only to seismically image the structures better but to also better define faults and fractures and their positioning in the Najmah.Also in order to determine maxium and minimum stress directions and correlate with the known geological areas of maximum stress from previous core work. This work will help the Engineers to determine best orientation directions for drilling programs to add value. One of the purposes of this project was to help answer the disconnect between the actual well logs,geology and the conventional seismic interpretation when tied to the well on crestal part of the anticline. The other main purpose was to see if we could help engineers place vertical and horizontal wells in optimal positions through the use of P-P,P-S, and diffraction imaging geophysical methods we were able to come up with a comprehensive look at the fractures and faulting of the Najmah as well as match with current drilling results.
科威特石油公司(KOC)的Sabriyah油田位于科威特北部,在构造复杂的侏罗纪Najmah地层中生产石油和凝析油。2017年,科威特石油公司重新处理了最初于2010年拍摄的50平方公里的三分量三维地震调查,包括剪切波分裂分析和衍射成像。该项目不仅是为了更好地对构造进行地震成像,而且还为了更好地确定Najmah的断层和裂缝及其位置。为了确定最大和最小应力方向,并与以往岩心工作中已知的最大应力地质区域进行对比。这项工作将帮助工程师确定钻井方案的最佳定向方向,以增加价值。该项目的目的之一是帮助解决实际测井、地质和常规地震解释之间的脱节,当与背斜顶部部分的井联系在一起时。另一个主要目的是通过使用P-P、P-S和衍射成像地球物理方法,看看我们是否能帮助工程师将直井和水平井定位在最佳位置,我们能够全面了解Najmah的裂缝和断层,并与当前的钻井结果相匹配。
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引用次数: 0
Development of In-House Novel Process Scheme to Mitigate BenSat Unit Oxygen Stripper Overhead System Corrosion with Reduced CAPEX 内部新工艺方案的开发,以减少BenSat单元氧提塔架空系统的腐蚀,降低资本支出
Pub Date : 2018-11-12 DOI: 10.2118/192999-MS
Rajib Kumar Chaudhuri, Raji A. Rauof
As part of the worldwide drive to produce cleaner fuels via Benzene reduction in the Gasoline Pool, ADNOC Refining utilizes the Innovative Benzene Saturation Technology which selectively targets saturation of only the benzene fraction to minimize the loss of octane number. The Benzene Reduction Unit (BenSat Process)is designed to process combined full reformate stream from two existing reforming units and comprises of the Oxygen Stripper, Reformate Splitter columns and BenSat Process unit. Severe corrosion and leaks were observed in the Overhead Circuit of the BenSat Unit after 2 Years of operation. Detailed Root cause analysis indicated to variations and contaminants in the feed stream as the main cause for the corrosion. Based on lab result of corrosion deposit analysis, which showed a presence of 78% of Iron & 9.8% of Oxygen, and morphology of failure i.e. presence of pits and tubercles it was concluded that the most probable reason for the failure is Oxygen corrosion aggravated by the presence of chloride. As the contributing causes were identified to be continuous in nature, a comprehensive solution was required at ADNOC Refining to ensure that similar failures do not re-occur. An upgraded and expensive metallurgy for the entire overhead circuit was the obvious solution for such a problem. However even this solution only prolongs the effects of corrosion and does not mitigate the corrosion at the source. The Technical Team at ADNOC Refining (RRW) developed an economical and continuous chemical injection system to resolve the issue at the source itself. Given the sensitive nature of the platinum Catalyst in the downstream of the Oxygen Stripper System, the selection of appropriate chemicals was a challenge. A unique combination of Corrosion Inhibiting filmer and a Neutralizing Amine was selected while ensuring overall compatibility with the system. A Chemical Injection Skid Framework was designed, engineered and built in-house in record duration for immediate commissioning. Upon implementation of the chemical injection system, it was observed that corrosion halted completely within one month. The paper explains in detail the troubleshooting and implementation methodology. These methodologies further highlight how efficient team work is able to deliver in-house solutions in the shortest possible durations.
作为全球范围内通过在汽油池中减少苯来生产更清洁燃料的一部分,ADNOC炼油利用创新的苯饱和技术,选择性地只针对苯部分的饱和,以尽量减少辛烷值的损失。苯还原装置(BenSat工艺)设计用于处理来自两个现有重整装置的组合全重整流,包括氧提塔,重整分离器塔和BenSat工艺装置。运行2年后,BenSat机组的架空电路出现了严重的腐蚀和泄漏。详细的根本原因分析表明,进料流中的变化和污染物是腐蚀的主要原因。根据腐蚀沉积物分析的实验室结果,显示存在78%的铁和9.8%的氧,以及失败的形态,即存在凹坑和结核,得出的结论是,最可能的失败原因是氯的存在加剧了氧腐蚀。由于确定的原因本质上是连续的,因此ADNOC炼油公司需要一个全面的解决方案,以确保类似的故障不再发生。对整个架空电路进行升级和昂贵的冶金是解决这一问题的明显办法。然而,即使这种解决方案也只能延长腐蚀的影响,而不能从源头上减轻腐蚀。ADNOC炼油(RRW)的技术团队开发了一种经济且连续的化学注入系统,从源头上解决了这个问题。考虑到脱氧系统下游铂催化剂的敏感性,选择合适的化学品是一个挑战。选择了一种独特的缓蚀膜和中和胺的组合,同时确保了与系统的整体兼容性。化学注入打滑框架是在公司内部设计、制造和制造的,持续时间创了记录,可以立即调试。在实施化学注入系统后,发现腐蚀在一个月内完全停止。本文详细介绍了故障排除和实现方法。这些方法进一步强调了高效的团队工作如何能够在尽可能短的时间内交付内部解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Ultrasound Tomography Based Two-Phase Composition Measurement 基于超声断层成像的两相成分测量
Pub Date : 2018-11-12 DOI: 10.2118/193317-MS
T. J. Ahmad, Weichang Li, Robert W. Adams, M. Deffenbaugh, M. Arsalan
Reliable flow measurement at the surface is critical for production optimization and reservoir management. Commercial water-cut and three phase flow meters have limitations in accuracy over the range of multiphase flow conditions. They require frequent calibration, and have high capital and operational cost. This paper describes an ultrasonic tomography based measurement of water hold-up, and presents preliminary flow loop and field test results. This ultrasonic system has the potential to overcome certain limitations of existing metering solutions.
可靠的地面流量测量对于优化生产和油藏管理至关重要。商用含水流量计和三相流量计在多相流条件范围内的精度有局限性。它们需要经常校准,并且具有很高的资本和运营成本。本文介绍了一种基于超声层析成像的持水率测量方法,并给出了初步的流环和现场测试结果。这种超声波系统有潜力克服现有计量解决方案的某些限制。
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引用次数: 2
Reservoir Simulation of Planar and Non-Planar Fractures in Compositional Two-Phase Flow 组合两相流中平面与非平面裂缝油藏模拟
Pub Date : 2018-11-12 DOI: 10.2118/193117-MS
A. Zidane, A. Firoozabadi
In this work we present a higher-order numerical model for two-phase compositional flow in fractured media in 2D and in 3D unstructured gridding. Both planar and non-planar fractures are accommodated. All commonly used types of finite elements are covered in our model; in particular, quadrangular and triangular elements in 2D, and hexahedra, prisms and tetrahedra elements in 3D. The fracture cross-flow equilibrium (FCFE) concept is adopted to model flow in the fractures. The hybridized mixed finite element (MFE) and the higher-order discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method are used to solve for the flow and the transport equations respectively. We have developed a computer-aided-design (CAD) interface connected to the mesh generator. Using this interface with the unstructured tetrahedra we can generate the most complicated fracture shapes. The complexity of fractures that we generate/simulate is not reported in the past to the best of our knowledge. Our model can simulate all range of fracture permeability values as opposed to other models where low permeable fractures affect the accuracy of the results. Efficiency and accuracy of our model are demonstrated in different examples in 2D and in 3D.
在这项工作中,我们提出了二维和三维非结构化网格中裂缝介质中两相组分流动的高阶数值模型。可容纳平面和非平面裂缝。我们的模型涵盖了所有常用的有限元类型;特别是2D中的四边形和三角形元素,以及3D中的六面体、棱镜和四面体元素。采用裂缝横流平衡(FCFE)概念对裂缝内流动进行建模。采用混合有限元法(MFE)和高阶不连续伽辽金法(DG)分别求解了流动方程和输运方程。我们开发了一个与网格生成器相连的计算机辅助设计(CAD)接口。使用非结构化四面体的接口,我们可以生成最复杂的断裂形状。据我们所知,我们生成/模拟的裂缝复杂性在过去没有报道过。与其他低渗透率裂缝影响结果准确性的模型不同,我们的模型可以模拟所有范围的裂缝渗透率值。通过二维和三维实例验证了该模型的有效性和准确性。
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引用次数: 2
Commissioning Advanced Hoist Technologies to Mitigate Challenges Associated with Selective Workover Wells - A Revolutionary Approach 调试先进的提升技术,减轻选择性修井带来的挑战——一种革命性的方法
Pub Date : 2018-11-12 DOI: 10.2118/193159-MS
Abdul Naser Abdulla Al Mulla Al Shehhi, Alauddin Mohamed Abou Draz, T. N. Mahboob, P. Agnihotri
Since 2014, ADNOC Onshore has utilized the potential of hoists and commissioned its operational significance, which allowed saving in rig time (4 – 6 rig years per year over 5 years business plan period) and generating a cost saving opportunity. During this period we have faced many challenges and complications mainly during fishing operations which result in unsuccessful retrieval of the completion. Other factors and challenges that are commonly faced which require hoist intervention include: Old wells melted or corroded fish (Tubing + Casing)Reservoir Thammama Zone B wells (High water cut)Pushing the corroded fishComplete plug & abandonPartial plug & abandon required for future side trackWait on conventional rig arrival for intervention Main challenge we faced during our business development phase is losing number of oil producing wells due to fishing complications, therefore the hoist rig is not capable to drill or sidetrack such wells. This will result in delaying requirements to restore production and meet the field quota objective since the wells should be scheduled to conventional Rig intervention. In order to optimize the hoists capability and performance to overcome this issue, we have to optimize based on priority and cost-effective selection criteria which will support to save the rig time & cost. Various advantages of hoists applications experienced in the last 2 years in ADCO include: Running scraperCorrosion and Cement Bond LogsFaster rig move.Work-over well repairs for single completion (well-kill, pulling old completion and running new completion)Well preparation for re-entry and sidetrack plug back to top of 7'’ linerESP work-over. Pulled old ESP pumpsFishing and milling operationsRun 7 "tie back liners.Plug and abandon wells partially or fully Abandonment (inactive string).Spotting and squeezing cement plugs and squeeze off old perforations, changing THS and X-mass tree.Cure Sustainable Annulus Pressure (SAP)Pressure test casingRun completion & special completion such as gas lift mandrels This paper presents methods of optimizing application of hoist in Abu Dhabi onshore fields by modifying enhanced well selection criteria based on the operation experiment and avoid production loss to sustain our field development plan. This implemented strategy benefit the optimization of number of workover wells which will increase in next five years scenarios, which in turn is expected to utilize rig cost savings. In addition, the new selection criteria will create "fit for purpose" solution to overcome these challenges of existing workover wells with less time and complication
自2014年以来,ADNOC陆上公司充分利用了提升机的潜力,在5年的商业计划期内,每年可节省4 - 6个钻井时间,并节省了成本。在此期间,我们面临着许多挑战和复杂性,主要是在打捞作业期间,导致完井作业失败。通常需要提升机干预的其他因素和挑战包括:Thammama B区井(高含水)推动被腐蚀的鱼完成塞塞并放弃部分塞塞并放弃未来侧轨所需等待常规钻机到达干预作业我们在业务开发阶段面临的主要挑战是由于打捞作业的复杂性而失去了大量的产油井,因此提升钻机无法钻井或侧轨这些井。这将导致延迟恢复生产的要求,并达到油田的目标,因为这些井应该安排在常规钻机干预下。为了优化提升机的能力和性能来克服这个问题,我们必须根据优先级和成本效益选择标准进行优化,这将有助于节省钻机时间和成本。在ADCO过去2年的应用经验中,提升机的各种优势包括:运行刮刀、腐蚀和水泥粘结测井、钻机移动速度更快。单次完井的修井作业(压井、下旧完井和下新完井)准备重返井筒,并将侧钻塞放回7”尾管esp修井顶部。打捞和磨铣作业下7英寸回尾管。部分或全部弃井(非活动管柱)。定位和挤压水泥塞,挤压旧射孔,改变THS和x -质量树。解决可持续环空压力(SAP)试压套管完井及特殊完井,如气举岩心,本文介绍了在阿布扎比陆上油田优化提升机应用的方法,根据作业实验修改强化的选井标准,避免生产损失,以维持油田开发计划。这种实施策略有利于优化修井数量,在未来五年内,修井数量将会增加,从而有望节省钻机成本。此外,新的选择标准将创造“适合用途”的解决方案,以更少的时间和复杂性克服现有修井的这些挑战
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Day 4 Thu, November 15, 2018
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