T. Chowdhury, P. Arbon, Mayumi Kako, R. Muller, M. Steenkamp, K. Gebbie
Globally, disasters disrupt human lives and women tend to be more vulnerable during such events. This narrative review explores women’s experiences during disasters and identifies common factors increasing their vulnerability. After critical reading, 39 articles were included in this review. This paper underlines the themes in that literature to show that women across the world experience domestic violence, sexual assault, psychological and health problems as well as social and financial deprivation in disasters. The paper discusses the vulnerability of women particularly in Australia and New Zealand, through the lens of the global experience of women in disaster. This review highlights that, while there is consensus on the challenges faced by women in Australia, more research regarding interventions is required to reduce the negative effects of disasters on women. This review aims to inform emergency management practice in Australia and to direct further research to improve the outcomes for women and their safety.
{"title":"Understanding the experiences of women in disasters: lessons for emergency management planning","authors":"T. Chowdhury, P. Arbon, Mayumi Kako, R. Muller, M. Steenkamp, K. Gebbie","doi":"10.47389/37.1.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47389/37.1.72","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, disasters disrupt human lives and women tend to be more vulnerable during such events. This narrative review explores women’s experiences during disasters and identifies common factors increasing their vulnerability. After critical reading, 39 articles were included in this review. This paper underlines the themes in that literature to show that women across the world experience domestic violence, sexual assault, psychological and health problems as well as social and financial deprivation in disasters. The paper discusses the vulnerability of women particularly in Australia and New Zealand, through the lens of the global experience of women in disaster. This review highlights that, while there is consensus on the challenges faced by women in Australia, more research regarding interventions is required to reduce the negative effects of disasters on women. This review aims to inform emergency management practice in Australia and to direct further research to improve the outcomes for women and their safety.","PeriodicalId":11087,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, January 11, 2022","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83087362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.29121/ijesrt.v11.i1.2022.3
In this paper a polynomial method of selecting an image disturbed and corrected by the modified power law by one of its roots, is proposed. This power law uses here is a real power variable belonging to the interval [1.00,..1.12]. It provides a dozen corrected images. But it is difficult to get the best image between them, or the image which has the best signal to noise ratio. One of the roots provides this value. Comparison of reconstructed image with the original is proved by structural similarity index (SSIM), entropy and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) which are objective quality measures and the averages of gray levels of pixels which are very similar. The polynomial selection method has the advantage of providing only a single corrected image without RGB YCbCr transformation noise and close to original among many others. Where somebody needs to choose one image among several, this method can provide solution.
{"title":"CORRECTION OF A NOISY IMAGE BY A POLYNOMIAL APPROACH AND CHOICE OF THE BEST IMAGE BY ONE OF THE POLYNOMIAL’S ROOTS.","authors":"","doi":"10.29121/ijesrt.v11.i1.2022.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29121/ijesrt.v11.i1.2022.3","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a polynomial method of selecting an image disturbed and corrected by the modified power law by one of its roots, is proposed. This power law uses here is a real power variable belonging to the interval [1.00,..1.12]. It provides a dozen corrected images. But it is difficult to get the best image between them, or the image which has the best signal to noise ratio. One of the roots provides this value. Comparison of reconstructed image with the original is proved by structural similarity index (SSIM), entropy and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) which are objective quality measures and the averages of gray levels of pixels which are very similar. The polynomial selection method has the advantage of providing only a single corrected image without RGB YCbCr transformation noise and close to original among many others. Where somebody needs to choose one image among several, this method can provide solution.","PeriodicalId":11087,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, January 11, 2022","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90053974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Debra D. Parkinson, Alyssa Duncan, Jaspreet Kaur, F. Archer, C. Spencer
Research conducted in 2018 documented the disaster experiences of 56 women and men in Australia aged between 18 and 93 years. This paper draws out the gendered factors that affected their resilience, and in so doing, begins to address the dearth of research related to gendered aspects of long-term disaster resilience. It is unique in capturing the voices of survivors who spoke of events 9 years after the 2009 Black Saturday fires and of earlier fires and floods in Victoria more than 50 years ago, including the 1983 Ash Wednesday fires. Over decades, gendered expectations of men and women significantly hindered resilience. Men spoke of the long-term cost to them of demands to ‘be strong’ in the worst of disasters and reasons they were reluctant to seek help afterwards. Women spoke of their contributions holding a lesser value and of discrimination. Discussions of violence against women and children after disaster, and suicide ideation in anticipation of future disasters offered critical insights. Protective factors identified by informants were not wholly intrinsic to their character but were also physical, such as essential resources provided in the immediate aftermath, and psychological and community support offered in the long-term. Factors that helped resilience departed from the ‘masculine’ model of coping post-disaster by moving away from a refusal to admit trauma and suffering, to community-wide resilience bolstered by widespread emotional, social and psychological support. Genuine community planning for disasters before they strike builds trust and offers insights for emergency management planners.
{"title":"Gendered aspects of long-term disaster resilience in Victoria, Australia","authors":"Debra D. Parkinson, Alyssa Duncan, Jaspreet Kaur, F. Archer, C. Spencer","doi":"10.47389/37.1.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47389/37.1.59","url":null,"abstract":"Research conducted in 2018 documented the disaster experiences of 56 women and men in Australia aged between 18 and 93 years. This paper draws out the gendered factors that affected their resilience, and in so doing, begins to address the dearth of research related to gendered aspects of long-term disaster resilience. It is unique in capturing the voices of survivors who spoke of events 9 years after the 2009 Black Saturday fires and of earlier fires and floods in Victoria more than 50 years ago, including the 1983 Ash Wednesday fires. Over decades, gendered expectations of men and women significantly hindered resilience. Men spoke of the long-term cost to them of demands to ‘be strong’ in the worst of disasters and reasons they were reluctant to seek help afterwards. Women spoke of their contributions holding a lesser value and of discrimination. Discussions of violence against women and children after disaster, and suicide ideation in anticipation of future disasters offered critical insights. Protective factors identified by informants were not wholly intrinsic to their character but were also physical, such as essential resources provided in the immediate aftermath, and psychological and community support offered in the long-term. Factors that helped resilience departed from the ‘masculine’ model of coping post-disaster by moving away from a refusal to admit trauma and suffering, to community-wide resilience bolstered by widespread emotional, social and psychological support. Genuine community planning for disasters before they strike builds trust and offers insights for emergency management planners.","PeriodicalId":11087,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, January 11, 2022","volume":"148 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80653790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.29121/ijesrt.v11.i1.2022.4
The biosorption of copper on Padina gymnospora was investigated in a batch system. The relationship between the response and the independent variables was developed via the quadratic approximating function of copper sorption capacity of sorbent. From this study, it can be concluded that the copper can be removed by using a brown alga P.gymnospora which is abundant and cheaply available alga. Dry biomass of P.gymnospora proves to be cost effective and efficient to eliminate heavy metal especially copper for aquatic effluents and the process is feasible, reliable and eco-friendly. This brown alga can be recommended for the removal of copper from industrial effluents.
{"title":"OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS PARAMETERS FOR THE REMOVAL OF COPPER METAL USING BROWN ALGA PADINA GYMNOSPORA.","authors":"","doi":"10.29121/ijesrt.v11.i1.2022.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29121/ijesrt.v11.i1.2022.4","url":null,"abstract":"The biosorption of copper on Padina gymnospora was investigated in a batch system. The relationship between the response and the independent variables was developed via the quadratic approximating function of copper sorption capacity of sorbent. From this study, it can be concluded that the copper can be removed by using a brown alga P.gymnospora which is abundant and cheaply available alga. Dry biomass of P.gymnospora proves to be cost effective and efficient to eliminate heavy metal especially copper for aquatic effluents and the process is feasible, reliable and eco-friendly. This brown alga can be recommended for the removal of copper from industrial effluents.","PeriodicalId":11087,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, January 11, 2022","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80237021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wetlands perform critical ecological functions and provide wildlife habitats. Yet, wetland degradation continues at a global scale. In Massachusetts, USA, wetland restoration has reached remarkable heights, partly promoted by the retirement of cranberry bogs. In this study, to assess the effectiveness of cranberry-farm restoration for conservation of native herpetofauna, we surveyed both retired and restored cranberry bogs in south-eastern Massachusetts. Using both visual encounter surveys and baited aquatic traps, we documented herpetofaunal species and their relative abundance. Both survey methods combined, the cumulative herpetofaunal species richness at the restored bogs (16) exceeded that of the retired bogs (11). Our trap surveys indicated that the amphibian species richness at the retired bog was significantly greater than that of the restored bog. In contrast, reptilian species richness as well as the relative abundance of both amphibians and reptiles were significantly greater at the restored bog compared to the retired bog. Subsequent analyses we performed identified that greater habitat heterogeneity emerging from active restoration intervention was the underlying driver of elevated richness and abundance. Most frequently encountered herpetofauna at the restored versus retired bogs were habitat generalists with broader geographic ranges and are not of conservation concern. Our findings suggest that the restored bog we monitored is still in the early-recovery phase after active intervention. We urge the need for long-term herpetofaunal inventories via systematic, standard surveys to assess restoration success.
{"title":"Diversity of herpetofauna at restored cranberry bogs: A comparative survey of herpetofaunal diversity at a restored wetland in comparison to a retired cranberry bog to assess the restoration success","authors":"Regina A. Christen","doi":"10.33256/32.1.1426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33256/32.1.1426","url":null,"abstract":"Wetlands perform critical ecological functions and provide wildlife habitats. Yet, wetland degradation continues at a global scale. In Massachusetts, USA, wetland restoration has reached remarkable heights, partly promoted by the retirement of cranberry bogs. In this study, to assess the effectiveness of cranberry-farm restoration for conservation of native herpetofauna, we surveyed both retired and restored cranberry bogs in south-eastern Massachusetts. Using both visual encounter surveys and baited aquatic traps, we documented herpetofaunal species and their relative abundance. Both survey methods combined, the cumulative herpetofaunal species richness at the restored bogs (16) exceeded that of the retired bogs (11). Our trap surveys indicated that the amphibian species richness at the retired bog was significantly greater than that of the restored bog. In contrast, reptilian species richness as well as the relative abundance of both amphibians and reptiles were significantly greater at the restored bog compared to the retired bog. Subsequent analyses we performed identified that greater habitat heterogeneity emerging from active restoration intervention was the underlying driver of elevated richness and abundance. Most frequently encountered herpetofauna at the restored versus retired bogs were habitat generalists with broader geographic ranges and are not of conservation concern. Our findings suggest that the restored bog we monitored is still in the early-recovery phase after active intervention. We urge the need for long-term herpetofaunal inventories via systematic, standard surveys to assess restoration success.","PeriodicalId":11087,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, January 11, 2022","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87487058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.36937/cebel.2022.1506
Badee Alshameri
The compaction is a mechanism to densify the loose soils. The maximum soil densification can be achieved by optimization of the desirable optimum moisture content (OMC) and maximum dry density (MDD). The maximum dry density and the optimum moisture content were affected by several parameters. The coarse content (CC) is one of these parameters. This paper studied the effect of the coarse content on the compaction parameters (MDD, OMC). Several sand-kaolin mixtures had coarse content ranged from 30 % to 80 % and moisture content ranged from 12% to 20% were used to inspect the relationship between CC, specific gravity (Gs), MDD, OMC, and bulk density. The results presented five empirical correlations with coefficient of determination (R2 ≥ 0.98) between CC, Gs, MDD, OMC and bulk density. The comparison between the current study and previous researchers indicated that both soil type and moisture content have significant effect on the efficiency of the empirical correlation equations between the maximum dry density, specific gravity, and coarse content. The results indicated a linear relationship between coarse content toward maximum dry density and specific gravity where both MDD and Gs increased with an increase CC. In contrary, the results showed non-linear relationship between optimum moisture content and coarse content where OMC decrease with an increase CC.
{"title":"Effect of Coarse Content on Compaction Test","authors":"Badee Alshameri","doi":"10.36937/cebel.2022.1506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36937/cebel.2022.1506","url":null,"abstract":"The compaction is a mechanism to densify the loose soils. The maximum soil densification can be achieved by optimization of the desirable optimum moisture content (OMC) and maximum dry density (MDD). The maximum dry density and the optimum moisture content were affected by several parameters. The coarse content (CC) is one of these parameters. This paper studied the effect of the coarse content on the compaction parameters (MDD, OMC). Several sand-kaolin mixtures had coarse content ranged from 30 % to 80 % and moisture content ranged from 12% to 20% were used to inspect the relationship between CC, specific gravity (Gs), MDD, OMC, and bulk density. The results presented five empirical correlations with coefficient of determination (R2 ≥ 0.98) between CC, Gs, MDD, OMC and bulk density. The comparison between the current study and previous researchers indicated that both soil type and moisture content have significant effect on the efficiency of the empirical correlation equations between the maximum dry density, specific gravity, and coarse content. The results indicated a linear relationship between coarse content toward maximum dry density and specific gravity where both MDD and Gs increased with an increase CC. In contrary, the results showed non-linear relationship between optimum moisture content and coarse content where OMC decrease with an increase CC.","PeriodicalId":11087,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, January 11, 2022","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87159841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.36937/cebel.2022.1546
Marsed Leti
Albania has suffered from major earthquakes in the past century that have caused varying levels of damage to buildings. As a result of the number of damaged buildings and loss of life, attention has focused mostly on the poor performance of reinforced concrete and masonry structures in low and mid-rise buildings. This paper presents the results of a reconnaissance visits to the disaster-stricken area in the Durrës region in Albania and covers many zones in the region where historical and modern buildings suffered serious structural damage or collapses during the November 26, 2019, Durrës Earthquake. Special emphasis was placed on masonry and RC buildings, since the damage level was high in these buildings. The consequences of the Durrës earthquake are important for similar masonry and RC building stock in other seismically vulnerable European cities. Regularity of the structural system, quality of the material utilized, the distribution of mass and stiffness through the building, the ratio of openings on masonry walls and diaphragm stiffness have a crucial influence on the structural response. Inappropriate interventions led to serious damage or collapses, resulting in casualties. Examples of numerous damage types, as witnessed during the site visits to the affected region are presented, along with technically explanation of causes for the damages.
{"title":"Performance of RC and Masonry Structures During 2019 Durrës Earthquake","authors":"Marsed Leti","doi":"10.36937/cebel.2022.1546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36937/cebel.2022.1546","url":null,"abstract":"Albania has suffered from major earthquakes in the past century that have caused varying levels of damage to buildings. As a result of the number of damaged buildings and loss of life, attention has focused mostly on the poor performance of reinforced concrete and masonry structures in low and mid-rise buildings. This paper presents the results of a reconnaissance visits to the disaster-stricken area in the Durrës region in Albania and covers many zones in the region where historical and modern buildings suffered serious structural damage or collapses during the November 26, 2019, Durrës Earthquake. Special emphasis was placed on masonry and RC buildings, since the damage level was high in these buildings. The consequences of the Durrës earthquake are important for similar masonry and RC building stock in other seismically vulnerable European cities. Regularity of the structural system, quality of the material utilized, the distribution of mass and stiffness through the building, the ratio of openings on masonry walls and diaphragm stiffness have a crucial influence on the structural response. Inappropriate interventions led to serious damage or collapses, resulting in casualties. Examples of numerous damage types, as witnessed during the site visits to the affected region are presented, along with technically explanation of causes for the damages.","PeriodicalId":11087,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, January 11, 2022","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89684611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.36937/cebel.2022.1507
W. Gong
To investigate the bearing characteristics of diaphragm wall foundation under combined load, the results from elasto-plastic analyses of 3D finite element models (FEM) were presented in this study. The vertical load of the diaphragm wall foundation is borne by inner and outer side resistance, resistance of soil core and the end of wall, respectively. Moreover, the sum of end resistance and soil core resistance accounts for about 75% of the vertical load. The mobilization mechanism and distribution of side resistance of the foundation were also analyzed. It is clarified that the mobilization characteristics of inner and outer side resistance of the wall are completely opposite. Due to the combined load, the horizontal load has an amplification effect on the settlement of the foundation. Additionally, the calculation methods of the Eight-component Winkler spring model and rigid pile displacement were used for determining the vertical load-bearing capacity and the overturning stability. A comparison between results from the FEM and the theoretical calculation methods showed that the results of the numerical simulation properly coincided with that of the displacement solution of theoretical model. The conclusions obtained by the above methods all indicate that the foundation has the characteristics of overall overturning failure under the combined load.
{"title":"Bearing Characteristics of Diaphragm Wall Foundation under Vertical and Combined Load","authors":"W. Gong","doi":"10.36937/cebel.2022.1507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36937/cebel.2022.1507","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the bearing characteristics of diaphragm wall foundation under combined load, the results from elasto-plastic analyses of 3D finite element models (FEM) were presented in this study. The vertical load of the diaphragm wall foundation is borne by inner and outer side resistance, resistance of soil core and the end of wall, respectively. Moreover, the sum of end resistance and soil core resistance accounts for about 75% of the vertical load. The mobilization mechanism and distribution of side resistance of the foundation were also analyzed. It is clarified that the mobilization characteristics of inner and outer side resistance of the wall are completely opposite. Due to the combined load, the horizontal load has an amplification effect on the settlement of the foundation. Additionally, the calculation methods of the Eight-component Winkler spring model and rigid pile displacement were used for determining the vertical load-bearing capacity and the overturning stability. A comparison between results from the FEM and the theoretical calculation methods showed that the results of the numerical simulation properly coincided with that of the displacement solution of theoretical model. The conclusions obtained by the above methods all indicate that the foundation has the characteristics of overall overturning failure under the combined load.","PeriodicalId":11087,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, January 11, 2022","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81374141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.36937/cebel.2022.1544
Marsed Leti
This study covers the application of Static and Dynamic nonlinear analysis to an old moment-frame reinforced concrete building. The case study selected is a template one designed in 1982 without shear walls and built throughout Albanian region in the communism era using old standards (KTP 2-78). For the capacity calculation, Pushover analysis is performed using an inverse triangular load pattern. The demand calculation is conducted using Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) as a method which provides the response behavior of the structure from the elastic range until collapse. For the dynamic analysis is used a set of 18 earthquakes with no marks of directivity. Limit states are defined for both Pushover and IDA based on the FEMA 356 guidelines. The mathematical model is prepared in the environment of Zeus-NL, a software developed especially for earthquake applications. The parameters defined for the IDA analysis are 5% damped first mode spectral acceleration (Sa(T1,5%)) for the intensity measure (IM) and maximum global drift ratio (ϴmax) for the damage measure (DM). In addition, limit states are selected for the pushover curve as Immediate Occupancy (IO), Life Safety (LS) and Collapse Prevention (CP). Similarly, for the IDA curve the limit states are selected as IO, CP and Global Instability (GI) based on FEMA guidelines. Furthermore, IDA curves are summarized into 16%, 50% and 84% fractiles as suggested in the literature. Additionally, a comparison between Pushover and IDA median (50% fractile) is shown from the same graph to illustrate the correlations between performance levels. Finally, structural performance is interpreted based on the outcomes.
{"title":"Seismic Performance Assessment of a Moment-Frame Reinforced Concrete Building Typology","authors":"Marsed Leti","doi":"10.36937/cebel.2022.1544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36937/cebel.2022.1544","url":null,"abstract":"This study covers the application of Static and Dynamic nonlinear analysis to an old moment-frame reinforced concrete building. The case study selected is a template one designed in 1982 without shear walls and built throughout Albanian region in the communism era using old standards (KTP 2-78). For the capacity calculation, Pushover analysis is performed using an inverse triangular load pattern. The demand calculation is conducted using Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) as a method which provides the response behavior of the structure from the elastic range until collapse. For the dynamic analysis is used a set of 18 earthquakes with no marks of directivity. Limit states are defined for both Pushover and IDA based on the FEMA 356 guidelines. The mathematical model is prepared in the environment of Zeus-NL, a software developed especially for earthquake applications. The parameters defined for the IDA analysis are 5% damped first mode spectral acceleration (Sa(T1,5%)) for the intensity measure (IM) and maximum global drift ratio (ϴmax) for the damage measure (DM). In addition, limit states are selected for the pushover curve as Immediate Occupancy (IO), Life Safety (LS) and Collapse Prevention (CP). Similarly, for the IDA curve the limit states are selected as IO, CP and Global Instability (GI) based on FEMA guidelines. Furthermore, IDA curves are summarized into 16%, 50% and 84% fractiles as suggested in the literature. Additionally, a comparison between Pushover and IDA median (50% fractile) is shown from the same graph to illustrate the correlations between performance levels. Finally, structural performance is interpreted based on the outcomes.","PeriodicalId":11087,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, January 11, 2022","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87546641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.36937/cebel.2022.1530
M. A. Bashir
Concrete filled steel tube structures are becoming very popular in the modern civil engineering projects. Studying composite structures is useful, since it is an innovative and contemporary way to build structures. This type of structure has the ability to use respective strength of both steel and concrete due to confinement. Prefabrication of steel tube section is beneficial, and allows rapid installation into main structure. It also reduces the assembly cost and construction time. This paper will present the simple equation to predict the compressive strength of square concrete filled steel tube by using Finite Element Analysis (FEA)based software ABAQUs. In this study, 3D non-linear finite element models of short square composite columns were prepared using ABAQUS. The results were compared with published experimental tests of a concrete filled steel tube short columns. After getting the good agreement with the experimental results, a simple equation for the prediction of compressive strength is presented by considering the width to thickness ratio of steel tube. Results are validated with experimental results. The equation can predict the compressive strength only for the given material strengths and in future, the simple equation can be improved by considering different parameters e.g. material strength, slenderness ratio and end conditions.
{"title":"A Simple Formula for Prediction of Compressive Strength of Square CFT Columns","authors":"M. A. Bashir","doi":"10.36937/cebel.2022.1530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36937/cebel.2022.1530","url":null,"abstract":"Concrete filled steel tube structures are becoming very popular in the modern civil engineering projects. Studying composite structures is useful, since it is an innovative and contemporary way to build structures. This type of structure has the ability to use respective strength of both steel and concrete due to confinement. Prefabrication of steel tube section is beneficial, and allows rapid installation into main structure. It also reduces the assembly cost and construction time. This paper will present the simple equation to predict the compressive strength of square concrete filled steel tube by using Finite Element Analysis (FEA)based software ABAQUs. In this study, 3D non-linear finite element models of short square composite columns were prepared using ABAQUS. The results were compared with published experimental tests of a concrete filled steel tube short columns. After getting the good agreement with the experimental results, a simple equation for the prediction of compressive strength is presented by considering the width to thickness ratio of steel tube. Results are validated with experimental results. The equation can predict the compressive strength only for the given material strengths and in future, the simple equation can be improved by considering different parameters e.g. material strength, slenderness ratio and end conditions.","PeriodicalId":11087,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, January 11, 2022","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88416889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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