Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry最新文献

Purpose of review: Firearm injury is the leading mechanism of suicide among US women, and lethal means counseling (LMC) is an evidence-based suicide prevention intervention. We describe current knowledge and research gaps in tailoring LMC to meet the needs of US women.

Recent findings: Available LMC and firearm suicide prevention literature has not fully considered how LMC interventions should be tailored for women. This is especially important as firearm ownership and firearm-related suicides among women are increasing. Additional research is needed to better understand firearm characteristics, behaviors, and beliefs of US women, particularly related to perceptions of personal safety and history of trauma. Research is also needed to identify optimal components of LMC interventions (e.g., messengers, messages, settings) and how best to facilitate safety practices among women with firearm access who are not themselves firearm owners but who reside in households with firearms. Finally, it will be important to examine contextual and individual factors (e.g., rurality, veteran status, intimate partner violence) which may impact LMC preferences and recommendations.

Summary: This commentary offers considerations for applying existing knowledge in LMC and firearm suicide prevention to clinical practice and research among US women, among whom the burden of firearm suicide is increasing.

Purpose of review: Exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) and the development of moral injury have yet to be conceptualized as they relate to social determinants of health (SDoH).Recent Findings.In this paper, the extant literature on moral injury and SDoH is reviewed. Specific individual-level SDoH, including gender, sex, sexual orientation, race, and ethnicity, are explored relative to PMIEs and moral injury. The relationship among environmental SDoH, including childhood environment, justice involvement, and homelessness, is described.

Summary: Assessment and treatment implications are discussed, and future research directions highlighting the need for additional work addressing health inequities in moral injury are presented.

Purpose of review: In the context of an ongoing, highly uncertain pandemic, disaster mental health measures can increase community capacity for resilience and well-being, support formal mental health treatment, and help address the risk for mental health reactions in high-stress occupations. The purpose of this review is to summarize the literature on disaster mental health interventions that have been helpful both prior to and during the pandemic in a broad range of applications, including for use with high-stress occupations in an effort to mitigate risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental health sequelae.

Recent findings: Evidence-based and evidence-informed disaster mental health interventions, frameworks, and treatments have been studied in pilot studies, non-randomized trials, and randomized clinical trials prior to and in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. The studies have demonstrated feasibility and acceptability of these modalities and improved perceived support, as well as significant reductions in distress, and mental health symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and PTSD.

Summary: A disaster mental health approach to the COVID-19 pandemic can generate opportunities for prevention and support at multiple levels with timely interventions tailored for different concerns, cultures, and available resources.