Rambir Singh, T. Ralot, Rajaram Sharma, Gaurav Goyal, Kritika Kritika
Background: The assessment of the individual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features provides vital clues about the diagnosis of neurological complications during the postpartum period assists in the determination of the common neurological complications, differentiates these neurological disorders on basis of the MRI features, and helps with the early treatment planning. This study aimed to describe various complications that occur during the postpartum period to describe the MRI features of these neurological complications and the differentiating features from each other. Materials and Methods: The study was a retrospective hospital-based analysis study conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis and modern imaging, Maharana Bhopal government hospital and RNT Medical College Udaipur, Rajasthan, India, from October 2017 to September 2018 (All the patients presented during this time frame were included in the study). A total of 58 postpartum cases of neurological disorders who were referred to the department for radiological evaluation and who had positive MRI imaging findings were included in the study. Results: Most common neurological symptoms were seizures followed by headache and focal neurological deficit (FND). Moreover, the most typical neurological complication was cerebral vein thrombosis, followed by posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Other common complications were intracranial hemorrhage, ischemic infarcts, infections, acute hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and metabolic encephalopathy. Rare but important findings included postpartum hypernatremic encephalopathy with extra pontine myelinolysis and rhabdomyolysis and postpartum reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (PRCVS). Conclusion: MRI, along with angiography and venography, is the modality of choice to evaluate postpartum neurological symptoms and plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis of neurological complications. Furthermore, MRI helps establish this diagnosis early to avoid further complications.
{"title":"MRI Features of Neurological Complications During the Postpartum Period: Think beyond CVT and PRES","authors":"Rambir Singh, T. Ralot, Rajaram Sharma, Gaurav Goyal, Kritika Kritika","doi":"10.34172/ddj.2023.459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ddj.2023.459","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The assessment of the individual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features provides vital clues about the diagnosis of neurological complications during the postpartum period assists in the determination of the common neurological complications, differentiates these neurological disorders on basis of the MRI features, and helps with the early treatment planning. This study aimed to describe various complications that occur during the postpartum period to describe the MRI features of these neurological complications and the differentiating features from each other. Materials and Methods: The study was a retrospective hospital-based analysis study conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis and modern imaging, Maharana Bhopal government hospital and RNT Medical College Udaipur, Rajasthan, India, from October 2017 to September 2018 (All the patients presented during this time frame were included in the study). A total of 58 postpartum cases of neurological disorders who were referred to the department for radiological evaluation and who had positive MRI imaging findings were included in the study. Results: Most common neurological symptoms were seizures followed by headache and focal neurological deficit (FND). Moreover, the most typical neurological complication was cerebral vein thrombosis, followed by posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Other common complications were intracranial hemorrhage, ischemic infarcts, infections, acute hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and metabolic encephalopathy. Rare but important findings included postpartum hypernatremic encephalopathy with extra pontine myelinolysis and rhabdomyolysis and postpartum reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (PRCVS). Conclusion: MRI, along with angiography and venography, is the modality of choice to evaluate postpartum neurological symptoms and plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis of neurological complications. Furthermore, MRI helps establish this diagnosis early to avoid further complications.","PeriodicalId":11143,"journal":{"name":"Disease and Diagnosis","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81765708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Influenza A is divided into a number of subtypes, the most common of which are circulating H3N2 and H1N1. Influenza A and B viruses, which normally circulate in humans (human influenza viruses), are responsible for seasonal influenza pandemics each year. This study evaluated the prevalence of influenza in Hormozgan province and determined the type and subtypes of influenza circulating in the community. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in a single center on 1237 patients with acute respiratory syndrome and flu-like symptoms in Hormozgan province, Iran from August 2022 to December 2022. Eventually, patients’ data such as the age, gender, and hospitalization rate of patients with influenza underwent investigation. Results: Out of a total of 1237 samples of patients, 349 (28.2%) cases were diagnosed with positive influenza and 888 (71.80%) cases were negative. Of 349 cases of positive influenza, 3 and 346 cases were diagnosed with influenza B and A, respectively. The results represented that out of a total of 349 positive cases of influenza, 216 (61.90%) and 133 (38.10%) people were hospitalized and visited as outpatients, respectively. Conclusion: From August 2022 to December 2022, Hormozgan province in the south of Iran witnessed an influenza peak with an increase in the prevalence of H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes. The dominant subtype of this peak was H3N2 influenza, but the prevalence of the H1N1 subtype also demonstrated a significant increase. Finally, the cases of hospitalization of patients with positive influenza represented an increase.
{"title":"High Prevalence of Influenza A (H1N1 and H3N2) Infection in South Iran","authors":"Khadijeh Ahmadi, Zahra Gharibi, Razieh Gorgi, Hamed Gouklani","doi":"10.34172/ddj.2023.465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ddj.2023.465","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Influenza A is divided into a number of subtypes, the most common of which are circulating H3N2 and H1N1. Influenza A and B viruses, which normally circulate in humans (human influenza viruses), are responsible for seasonal influenza pandemics each year. This study evaluated the prevalence of influenza in Hormozgan province and determined the type and subtypes of influenza circulating in the community. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in a single center on 1237 patients with acute respiratory syndrome and flu-like symptoms in Hormozgan province, Iran from August 2022 to December 2022. Eventually, patients’ data such as the age, gender, and hospitalization rate of patients with influenza underwent investigation. Results: Out of a total of 1237 samples of patients, 349 (28.2%) cases were diagnosed with positive influenza and 888 (71.80%) cases were negative. Of 349 cases of positive influenza, 3 and 346 cases were diagnosed with influenza B and A, respectively. The results represented that out of a total of 349 positive cases of influenza, 216 (61.90%) and 133 (38.10%) people were hospitalized and visited as outpatients, respectively. Conclusion: From August 2022 to December 2022, Hormozgan province in the south of Iran witnessed an influenza peak with an increase in the prevalence of H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes. The dominant subtype of this peak was H3N2 influenza, but the prevalence of the H1N1 subtype also demonstrated a significant increase. Finally, the cases of hospitalization of patients with positive influenza represented an increase.","PeriodicalId":11143,"journal":{"name":"Disease and Diagnosis","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135000139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Brucellosis is a common zoonotic infection caused by the bacterial genus Brucella. It is one of the infectious diseases transmissible between humans and animals, and its clinical manifestations are very diverse and misleading. One of these manifestations is central nervous system involvement, which occurs in various forms. Better and more accurate identification of these diverse clinical manifestations can help physicians in the timely diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Case Presentation: In this study, we introduce a sixteen-year-old patient who complained of fever, low back pain, dizziness, and headache for two months. A detailed history of our patient revealed previous contact with sheep and consumption of unpasteurized milk. Further clinical tests confirmed the diagnosis of Brucella meningitis in this patient. Conclusion: Patients with brucellosis can show a wide variety of clinical symptoms, and knowing these different clinical forms can help physicians in the early diagnosis of the disease. In a country like Iran, where brucellosis is endemic, any patient who presents with complex and unexplained neurological complaints, especially those with a history of brucellosis, should be considered for neurobrucellosis.
{"title":"Presentation of a Patient With Neurobrucellosis: A Case Report in Iran","authors":"Tofigh Yaghubi Kalurazi, Ehsan Amini-Salehi, Soheil Hassanipour, Farahnaz Joukar, Malek Moien Ansar, Nazila Soofi, Elnaz Jafari, Seyedeh Amineh Hojati, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei","doi":"10.34172/ddj.2023.454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ddj.2023.454","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Brucellosis is a common zoonotic infection caused by the bacterial genus Brucella. It is one of the infectious diseases transmissible between humans and animals, and its clinical manifestations are very diverse and misleading. One of these manifestations is central nervous system involvement, which occurs in various forms. Better and more accurate identification of these diverse clinical manifestations can help physicians in the timely diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Case Presentation: In this study, we introduce a sixteen-year-old patient who complained of fever, low back pain, dizziness, and headache for two months. A detailed history of our patient revealed previous contact with sheep and consumption of unpasteurized milk. Further clinical tests confirmed the diagnosis of Brucella meningitis in this patient. Conclusion: Patients with brucellosis can show a wide variety of clinical symptoms, and knowing these different clinical forms can help physicians in the early diagnosis of the disease. In a country like Iran, where brucellosis is endemic, any patient who presents with complex and unexplained neurological complaints, especially those with a history of brucellosis, should be considered for neurobrucellosis.","PeriodicalId":11143,"journal":{"name":"Disease and Diagnosis","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136336079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Bahri, Masoumeh Kheirandish, Shideh Rafati, A. Nejatizadeh, R. Shahbazi, Ghazal Zoghi, Seyed Hossein Davoudi, Masoud Shareghi Brojeni, L. Hajiabdolrassouli
Background: Obesity is a major health problem in many countries such as Iran. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity and their associated risk factors in Bandare-Kong, Hormozgan, Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey included 3921 participants of the Bandare-Kong Cohort Study (BKNCD). Their baseline data were used for analysis. General obesity was defined as the body mass index (BMI)≥30 kg/m2 and overweight as 25≤BMI<30. Central obesity was defined as waist circumference (WC)≥95 cm. Results: The prevalence of overweight, general, and central obesity was 39%, 24%, and 30.5%, respectively. Female gender (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=5.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.74-6.96 and aOR=1.70, 95% CI: 1.34-2.16), hypertension (aOR=2.43, 95% CI: 1.81-3.26 and aOR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.04-1.52), and hypertriglyceridemia (aOR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.31-2.38 and aOR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.05-1.51) were significantly associated with both general and central obesity. Higher WC (aOR=503.89, 95% CI: 331.76-765.32), higher calorie intake (aOR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.04), and urban residency (aOR=2.99, 95% CI: 2.06-4.32) were correlated with general obesity. BMI≥25 kg/m² (aOR=46.81, 95% CI: 35.53-61.67), higher fasting plasma glucose (aOR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.04), older age (aOR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.04) and being unemployed (aOR=1.49, 95% CI: 1.18-1.89) were significantly associated with central obesity. Conclusion: Overall, a significant correlation was found among female gender, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia with general and central obesity in this study. Given the high prevalence of obesity in this population, regional public health authorities should take appropriate measures to reduce these rates in order to prevent obesity-associated complications.
{"title":"Prevalence of Obesity and its Associated Factors Among the 35-70-Year-Old Population of Bandare-Kong: A Cross-sectional Survey (Findings of the Persian Cohort Study)","authors":"Sara Bahri, Masoumeh Kheirandish, Shideh Rafati, A. Nejatizadeh, R. Shahbazi, Ghazal Zoghi, Seyed Hossein Davoudi, Masoud Shareghi Brojeni, L. Hajiabdolrassouli","doi":"10.34172/ddj.2023.409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ddj.2023.409","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Obesity is a major health problem in many countries such as Iran. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity and their associated risk factors in Bandare-Kong, Hormozgan, Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey included 3921 participants of the Bandare-Kong Cohort Study (BKNCD). Their baseline data were used for analysis. General obesity was defined as the body mass index (BMI)≥30 kg/m2 and overweight as 25≤BMI<30. Central obesity was defined as waist circumference (WC)≥95 cm. Results: The prevalence of overweight, general, and central obesity was 39%, 24%, and 30.5%, respectively. Female gender (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=5.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.74-6.96 and aOR=1.70, 95% CI: 1.34-2.16), hypertension (aOR=2.43, 95% CI: 1.81-3.26 and aOR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.04-1.52), and hypertriglyceridemia (aOR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.31-2.38 and aOR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.05-1.51) were significantly associated with both general and central obesity. Higher WC (aOR=503.89, 95% CI: 331.76-765.32), higher calorie intake (aOR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.04), and urban residency (aOR=2.99, 95% CI: 2.06-4.32) were correlated with general obesity. BMI≥25 kg/m² (aOR=46.81, 95% CI: 35.53-61.67), higher fasting plasma glucose (aOR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.04), older age (aOR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.04) and being unemployed (aOR=1.49, 95% CI: 1.18-1.89) were significantly associated with central obesity. Conclusion: Overall, a significant correlation was found among female gender, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia with general and central obesity in this study. Given the high prevalence of obesity in this population, regional public health authorities should take appropriate measures to reduce these rates in order to prevent obesity-associated complications.","PeriodicalId":11143,"journal":{"name":"Disease and Diagnosis","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75416136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Due to the destructive effect of cardiovascular disease on vital organs, the study of laboratory biochemical factors in the most common heart diseases is essential to accelerate the treatment of cardiovascular patients. Materials and Methods: This study was cross-sectional and analytical. By referring to the hospital information system of educational hospitals of the Abadan University of Medical Sciences, the necessary information of 565 patients with cardiovascular diseases (e.g., demographic information and laboratory diagnostic markers) from March 21, 2019, to March 19, 2020, was extracted through the hospital information system and completed checklist. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 22. Results: In this study, fasting blood sugar (FBS), international normalized ratio (INR), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxalate transaminase (SGOT), creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total bilirubin, creatine kinase (CK)- MB, and prothrombin time (PT) were higher than normal in patients with cardiovascular diseases. SGOT was significantly different between age groups (P=0.006), and the highest value was observed in the age group over 75 years. Moreover, FBS was significantly different between the male and female groups (P=0.002). Conclusion: FBS and some diagnostic markers such as renal markers, liver, coagulation, and inflammatory markers are abnormal in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
{"title":"Investigating Laboratory Biochemical Factors in Different Types of Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases","authors":"Zeinab Bandani Tarashoki, Naser Kamyari, Atefeh Zahedi, Alireza Hazbenejad, Maryam Ban, Khadijeh Kanani, E. Radmanesh","doi":"10.34172/ddj.2023.455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ddj.2023.455","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Due to the destructive effect of cardiovascular disease on vital organs, the study of laboratory biochemical factors in the most common heart diseases is essential to accelerate the treatment of cardiovascular patients. Materials and Methods: This study was cross-sectional and analytical. By referring to the hospital information system of educational hospitals of the Abadan University of Medical Sciences, the necessary information of 565 patients with cardiovascular diseases (e.g., demographic information and laboratory diagnostic markers) from March 21, 2019, to March 19, 2020, was extracted through the hospital information system and completed checklist. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 22. Results: In this study, fasting blood sugar (FBS), international normalized ratio (INR), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxalate transaminase (SGOT), creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total bilirubin, creatine kinase (CK)- MB, and prothrombin time (PT) were higher than normal in patients with cardiovascular diseases. SGOT was significantly different between age groups (P=0.006), and the highest value was observed in the age group over 75 years. Moreover, FBS was significantly different between the male and female groups (P=0.002). Conclusion: FBS and some diagnostic markers such as renal markers, liver, coagulation, and inflammatory markers are abnormal in patients with cardiovascular diseases.","PeriodicalId":11143,"journal":{"name":"Disease and Diagnosis","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81300893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Postauricular cutaneous mastoid fistula (PCMF) is quite rare. Possible triggers include a radical mastoidectomy, chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), or the spontaneous exteriorization of a mastoid cholesteatoma through the postauricular skin surface. Case Report: This study reported a 62-year-old woman who presented with a right-sided discharging postauricular lesion for two years and a history of ear discharge over the past 20 years. Physical examination revealed a 10×8 mm fistula with a pearly white tissue at the opening and mucoid discharge. Otoscopy represented an attic cholesteatoma as the potential underlying cause, and computed tomography demonstrated a soft-tissue density in the middle ear extending into the mastoid cavity and towards the cutaneous postauricular area. The PCMF was surgically closed using a temporalis muscle rotational flap with no recurrence at the 6-month follow-up. Conclusion: Overall, surgical closure with a temporalis muscle rotational flap appears to be an effective technique for treating PCMF.
{"title":"Postauricular Cutaneous Mastoid Fistula Surgically Closed by a Temporalis Muscle Rotational Flap: A Case Report","authors":"Mehdi Askari","doi":"10.34172/ddj.2023.448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ddj.2023.448","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Postauricular cutaneous mastoid fistula (PCMF) is quite rare. Possible triggers include a radical mastoidectomy, chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), or the spontaneous exteriorization of a mastoid cholesteatoma through the postauricular skin surface. Case Report: This study reported a 62-year-old woman who presented with a right-sided discharging postauricular lesion for two years and a history of ear discharge over the past 20 years. Physical examination revealed a 10×8 mm fistula with a pearly white tissue at the opening and mucoid discharge. Otoscopy represented an attic cholesteatoma as the potential underlying cause, and computed tomography demonstrated a soft-tissue density in the middle ear extending into the mastoid cavity and towards the cutaneous postauricular area. The PCMF was surgically closed using a temporalis muscle rotational flap with no recurrence at the 6-month follow-up. Conclusion: Overall, surgical closure with a temporalis muscle rotational flap appears to be an effective technique for treating PCMF.","PeriodicalId":11143,"journal":{"name":"Disease and Diagnosis","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78142719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Moayedi, A. Massoudifar, S. Namazi, Hossein Mirzaei Zadeh, S. Seddigh, S. Hosseini Teshnizi
Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) generally occurs together with depression in patients with no history of manic, mixed, or hypomanic episodes. The suicidal ideation in MDD patients is very common and can potentially be considered an emergency circumstance in many cases. Among the developed drugs and medicines, ketamine (KET) is a potential option to treat patients with MDD. This study aims at investigating the effect of KET on the treatment of suicidal ideation and the reduction of the intensity of symptoms in patients suffering from MDD. Materials and Methods: This randomized double-blind clinical trial was performed on 30 patients who suffered from MDD and had suicidal ideation at Ibn Sina Hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran, during 2016-2017. The patients were divided into two groups: the KET group which received 0.5 mg/kg of intravenous (IV) KET diluted in 500 mL of normal saline over 30 minutes and the control group which received 500 mL of normal saline without KET over 30 minutes. Results: According to the statistical analysis, 24 hours after the intervention, suicidal ideation score reached 2.53 and 20.6 in the KET and control groups, respectively. In fact, KET caused a significant reduction in the score of the suicidal ideation (SSI) (SSI<4) in comparison with the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: It was observed that KET can play a key role in the treatment of depression disorders, especially severe and life-threatening forms that require immediate intervention, such as the use of electroconvulsive therapy.
{"title":"The Effect of Intravenous Ketamine on Suicidal Ideation in Depressed Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial","authors":"F. Moayedi, A. Massoudifar, S. Namazi, Hossein Mirzaei Zadeh, S. Seddigh, S. Hosseini Teshnizi","doi":"10.34172/ddj.2023.437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ddj.2023.437","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) generally occurs together with depression in patients with no history of manic, mixed, or hypomanic episodes. The suicidal ideation in MDD patients is very common and can potentially be considered an emergency circumstance in many cases. Among the developed drugs and medicines, ketamine (KET) is a potential option to treat patients with MDD. This study aims at investigating the effect of KET on the treatment of suicidal ideation and the reduction of the intensity of symptoms in patients suffering from MDD. Materials and Methods: This randomized double-blind clinical trial was performed on 30 patients who suffered from MDD and had suicidal ideation at Ibn Sina Hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran, during 2016-2017. The patients were divided into two groups: the KET group which received 0.5 mg/kg of intravenous (IV) KET diluted in 500 mL of normal saline over 30 minutes and the control group which received 500 mL of normal saline without KET over 30 minutes. Results: According to the statistical analysis, 24 hours after the intervention, suicidal ideation score reached 2.53 and 20.6 in the KET and control groups, respectively. In fact, KET caused a significant reduction in the score of the suicidal ideation (SSI) (SSI<4) in comparison with the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: It was observed that KET can play a key role in the treatment of depression disorders, especially severe and life-threatening forms that require immediate intervention, such as the use of electroconvulsive therapy.","PeriodicalId":11143,"journal":{"name":"Disease and Diagnosis","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80625743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shideh Rafati, T. Aghamolaei, A. Bahrampour, F. Khorrami, Masoumeh Kheirandish, B. Khosravi, F. Rafati
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a high rate of mortality, but data regarding its prognosis are scarce. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with mortality and survival of COVID-19 patients in a southern province of Iran. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a secondary database of 3172 people who were admitted to hospitals for COVID-19 treatment. Relative risk (RR) was computed to estimate mortality risk between groups, and the log-rank test was used to compare the survival functions in different levels of categorical variables. Finally, the multivariable extended Cox model was employed to determine the factors that affected the survival of COVID-19 patients. Results: The 10- and 15-day survival rate of 3172 patients was 89% and 80%, respectively, and the median survival time was 30 days. Based on the extended Cox model, age, oxygen therapy, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, invasive ventilation, chronic cardiac disease, chronic kidney disease, and cancer were the most important variables affecting the survival of COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: Older people (older than 40 years) and those with comorbidities (e.g., chronic cardiac disease, chronic kidney disease, and cancer) had a higher mortality rate; therefore, health-related organizations need to plan for the prevention and early detection of comorbidities to reduce the burden of diseases such as the pandemic of COVID-19 as much as possible in the future.
{"title":"Survival Analysis of COVID-19 Patients in an Iranian Population","authors":"Shideh Rafati, T. Aghamolaei, A. Bahrampour, F. Khorrami, Masoumeh Kheirandish, B. Khosravi, F. Rafati","doi":"10.34172/ddj.2023.432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ddj.2023.432","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a high rate of mortality, but data regarding its prognosis are scarce. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with mortality and survival of COVID-19 patients in a southern province of Iran. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a secondary database of 3172 people who were admitted to hospitals for COVID-19 treatment. Relative risk (RR) was computed to estimate mortality risk between groups, and the log-rank test was used to compare the survival functions in different levels of categorical variables. Finally, the multivariable extended Cox model was employed to determine the factors that affected the survival of COVID-19 patients. Results: The 10- and 15-day survival rate of 3172 patients was 89% and 80%, respectively, and the median survival time was 30 days. Based on the extended Cox model, age, oxygen therapy, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, invasive ventilation, chronic cardiac disease, chronic kidney disease, and cancer were the most important variables affecting the survival of COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: Older people (older than 40 years) and those with comorbidities (e.g., chronic cardiac disease, chronic kidney disease, and cancer) had a higher mortality rate; therefore, health-related organizations need to plan for the prevention and early detection of comorbidities to reduce the burden of diseases such as the pandemic of COVID-19 as much as possible in the future.","PeriodicalId":11143,"journal":{"name":"Disease and Diagnosis","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82907813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of Vitamins Deficiency in the Development of Hydatidiform Moles: Mechanism and Function","authors":"M. Banaei, Sepideh Rezaei Ghamsari, N. Roozbeh","doi":"10.34172/ddj.2023.428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ddj.2023.428","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11143,"journal":{"name":"Disease and Diagnosis","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74039730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seyed Alireza Seyed Ebrahimi, Z. Goli, Leila Sadat Mirseify, M. Seirafi
Several mental conditions and depression, have been linked to immune response disorganization. However, it is unclear if particular immune mediators play a part in the etiopathogenesis of depression. Although there are no definite biomarkers to diagnose depression, the current study sought to logically evaluate the possibility and feasibility of checking a biomarker for depression to be utilized for hospitalized patients suspected of depression. In this narrative review, related articles were gathered through a search of PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases as well as a manual search of full-text paper references. The reviewed studies demonstrated the potential role of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in depressive disorders. Previous studies represented a negative role for TGF-β in depression pathophysiology and an increase in TGF-β after depression treatment. Elevated plasma TGF-alpha acted controversial to TGF-β. The level of TGF-β in maternal plasma increased getting close to delivery, and researchers found that it might be associated with postpartum depression. In addition, researchers reported extreme elevations in TGF-β levels in the brain cells of subjects who died by suicide. Although the results of this study revealed a plausible link between TGF-β and depression based on the literature, sensitivity and specificity studies needed before TGF-β as a biomarker may be extensively employed in clinical practice. Depression appears to be down-regulating TGF-β and its signaling or the underlying mechanisms of the pathogenesis of consequent neurological disorders, while further studies are required for the application of the TGF-β assessment in clinical practice.
{"title":"Feasibility of Utilizing Transforming Growth Factor Beta as a Biomarker of Depression in Hospitalized Patients","authors":"Seyed Alireza Seyed Ebrahimi, Z. Goli, Leila Sadat Mirseify, M. Seirafi","doi":"10.34172/ddj.2023.425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ddj.2023.425","url":null,"abstract":"Several mental conditions and depression, have been linked to immune response disorganization. However, it is unclear if particular immune mediators play a part in the etiopathogenesis of depression. Although there are no definite biomarkers to diagnose depression, the current study sought to logically evaluate the possibility and feasibility of checking a biomarker for depression to be utilized for hospitalized patients suspected of depression. In this narrative review, related articles were gathered through a search of PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases as well as a manual search of full-text paper references. The reviewed studies demonstrated the potential role of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in depressive disorders. Previous studies represented a negative role for TGF-β in depression pathophysiology and an increase in TGF-β after depression treatment. Elevated plasma TGF-alpha acted controversial to TGF-β. The level of TGF-β in maternal plasma increased getting close to delivery, and researchers found that it might be associated with postpartum depression. In addition, researchers reported extreme elevations in TGF-β levels in the brain cells of subjects who died by suicide. Although the results of this study revealed a plausible link between TGF-β and depression based on the literature, sensitivity and specificity studies needed before TGF-β as a biomarker may be extensively employed in clinical practice. Depression appears to be down-regulating TGF-β and its signaling or the underlying mechanisms of the pathogenesis of consequent neurological disorders, while further studies are required for the application of the TGF-β assessment in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":11143,"journal":{"name":"Disease and Diagnosis","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73164936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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