To the extent that European critical theory influenced the American legal academy, it has tended to be Michel Foucault and, more recently, Giorgio Agamben, who have affected discussions of the connection between law and politics and the power dynamics at the heart of the juridical. Jacques Derrida’s essay “The Force of Law” spawned some commentary, but Derrida’s work largely entered legal circles due to its emphasis on the indeterminacy of language and its inversion of binaries, which legal scholars took as a source for ideology critique. The aim of this essay is to suggest what Derrida’s later forays into law and politics might contribute to thinking in American legal theory beyond what can be derived from Foucault and his inheritors. The key differences, I contend, pertain to time. In particular, Derrida’s writings lead us to reconsider the timing of the relation between the subject and the law, whether that subject is declaring independence or awaiting death. Four temporally inflected terms — decision, declaration, deferral, and event—bear a particular weight in Derrida’s discussions of the juridico-political and furnish the focal points for this essay.
在某种程度上，欧洲批判理论影响了美国的法律学院，它倾向于米歇尔·福柯，以及最近的乔治·阿甘本，他们影响了法律与政治之间的联系以及司法核心的权力动态的讨论。雅克·德里达(Jacques Derrida)的文章《法律的力量》(The Force of Law)引发了一些评论，但德里达的作品主要进入法律界，因为它强调语言的不确定性和二元颠倒，法律学者将其作为意识形态批判的来源。本文的目的是提出德里达后来对法律和政治的尝试可能对美国法律理论的思考做出的贡献，而不是从福柯和他的继承者那里得到的。我认为，关键的区别在于时间。特别是，德里达的著作引导我们重新思考主体与法律之间关系的时间，无论主体是宣布独立还是等待死亡。四个暂时变化的术语——决定、声明、延期和事件——在德里达关于法律政治的讨论中占有特别的分量，并为本文提供了焦点。
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