Dental and Medical Problems最新文献

Background: Probiotics, known for their anti-inflammatory properties and ability to balance the oral microbiome, show promise in enhancing wound healing, particularly through topical application, in oral healthcare.

Objectives: The main objective of the present study was to investigate the topical application of probiotics to accelerate oral wound healing, focusing on key indicators, like collagen density, angiogenesis, the reepithelization rate, the wound area, and the wound length.

Material and methods: Palatal wounds were induced in 60 male Sprague-Dawley® rats, which were divided into 4 groups. Probiotics, including Streptococcus salivarius K12 (BLIS K12®) and Lactobacillus reuteri (Interlac® Pro-D and Interlac®), were topically administered. The rates were sacrificed on days 3, 7 and 14 to evaluate the early, middle and late proliferation phases. Histopathological examinations assessed collagen density, angiogenesis, the re-epithelialization rate, the wound area, and the wound length.

Results: Probiotics showed beneficial effects on the oral wound healing indicators examined in this study. This study demonstrates the significant benefits of applying probiotics in enhancing wound healing throughout various proliferation stages. Our findings consistently highlight their positive impact across key indicators. With 3 different probiotic types, we observed improvement in all aspects of wound healing, from early to late stages.

Conclusions: The study underscores the potential of probiotics as effective agents in promoting wound repair and regeneration, offering promising avenues for enhanced clinical outcomes.

The temporary use of contingent electrical stimulation with the GrindCare® device may offer a practical, non-invasive solution to reduce bruxism and protect restorations during vulnerable phases of phased dental rehabilitation.

Background: In the oral cavity, restorations and teeth are subject to occlusal stresses, as well as physiological and chemical wear processes. The consumption of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages is popular among adolescents, and this habit often persists into adulthood, contributing to tooth erosion. The erosive potential of these beverages is influenced by various factors, including the pH, acid type, buffer capacity, adhesion, chelating effect, and phosphate or calcium or fluoride content of the drink. Several studies have confirmed that the excessive consumption of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages reduces the microhardness and flexural strength of composites.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare the compressive strength (CS) of 3 core build-up resin composite materials in the presence of different alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages.

Material and methods: A total of 135 specimens (blocks measuring 5 mm × 4 mm) made from different composites (NexCore™, spee-dee™ build-up, and Ecosite Bulk Fill) were divided into 3 experimental groups (n = 45). The experimental liquids used in each group were artificial saliva, Kingfisher® beer (an alcoholic beverage) and Thums Up® (a non-alcoholic beverage), which were maintained for 24 h at 37°C. The compressive strength of the samples was measured with the use of a universal testing machine.

Results: Nexcore™ and Ecosite Bulk Fill exhibited the highest fracture resistance among the tested liquid mediums. The mean CS for NexCore™ was significantly higher after immersion in alcohol compared to saliva and non-alcoholic medium (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions: The immersion medium affects the CS of bulk-fill composites. Moreover, NexCore™ and Ecosite Bulk Fill composites exhibited substantial CS, while spee-dee™ build-up demonstrated the lowest CS among the tested media.

Background: A variety of firing protocols are available for the IPS e.max lithium disilicate (LD) and can be used for new, 'advanced' LD (ALD). However, the impact of firing protocols on the optical properties of ALD is still unknown.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the color difference (ΔE00), the translucency parameter (TP00) and the whiteness index for dentistry (WID) for both LD glass ceramics after the processes of firing/glazing.

Material and methods: Fifty disk-shaped specimens, with a diameter of 10 mm and a thickness of 1.2 mm, were fabricated from IPS e.max CAD (LD; Ivoclar) and another 50 from CEREC Tessera™ (ALD; Dentsply Sirona). The specimens from each group were further divided into 5 subgroups (n = 10) according to the firing/glazing protocol applied: crystallization (c); one-step crystallization and glazing (cg); crystallization and refiring (c-r); two-step crystallization and glazing (c-g); or long-firing crystallization (lfc). The ΔE00, TP00 and WID were assessed. The statistical analysis of ΔE00 was performed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test, while TP00 and WID were analyzed with the two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test at a statistical significance level of 0.05. The cg groups were designated as the reference.

Results: The ANOVA showed that the firing procedures had no effect on ΔE00, TP00 and WID in the case of LD. In addition, LD exhibited greater translucency and brightness as compared to ALD. For ALD, all color changes observed in relation to the reference firing protocol were clinically unacceptable. The ALD specimens which underwent 1 standard firing cycle showed higher TP00 and WID values than other ALD groups.

Conclusions: The choice of the firing protocol has no impact on the color, TP00 or WID of LD. Additionally, LD presents higher WID values than ALD, irrespective of the firing protocol used. Alternative firing protocols result in clinically unacceptable color variations when compared to the manufacturer-recommended protocol for ALD. Advanced LD is more sensitive to different firing protocols with regard to its optical properties, which makes the workflow less predictable in comparison with LD.

Background: Odontomas are odontogenic tumors located in the jawbone, referred to by the World Health Organization (WHO) as hamartomatous (Greek hamartion - a bodily defect) developmental malformations. The term was first used by Brock in 1866 to refer to every odontogenic tumor. Today an odontoma is believed to be a congenital malformation of dental hard tissues. Odontomas can contribute to the development of dental abnormalities and bite disorders.

Objectives: The study aimed to present tooth eruption disorders caused by the occurrence of odontomas in 20 patients treated at the Dental Surgery Clinic for Children.

Material and methods: The study group comprised 20 patients (13 in good general health, 6 with systemic diseases and 1 with a congenital malformation), aged 2-17 years (mean age: 8.96 years), with jawbone odontomas diagnosed through clinical and radiological examination. These odontomas were the cause of disorders in the eruption of deciduous and permanent teeth. The treatment method applied in all patients involved the enucleation of the tumor with its capsule and sending the material for histopathological examination.

Results: Odontomas were discovered accidentally or were accompanied by such clinical symptoms as retained deciduous teeth, impacted deciduous and permanent teeth, missing teeth in the oral cavity, gaps, displaced teeth, and the distension of the alveolar process of the maxilla/alveolar part of the mandible. The odontomas occurred in both the maxilla and the mandible, more often in boys. The compound odontoma (OCp) was the most common type.

Conclusions: Odontomas are benign odontogenic tumors that do not undergo neoplastic transformation. The treatment of choice is a surgical procedure involving the complete removal of the tumor with its capsule, which results in full recovery.

Background: Nasal obstruction in pediatric patients can lead to serious issues, such as facial growth alterations, otitis media with effusion, and sleep disorders. Diagnosing nasal obstruction is challenging because subjective evaluations are often inaccurate, and objective measures like rhinomanometry are difficult to perform in children. This study proposes using an oral screen test as a rapid and cost-effective diagnostic method.

Objectives: The aim of the study is to validate the oral screen test as a method for diagnosing nasal obstruction in children. This objective is based on the observation that children with nasal obstruction do not tolerate the oral screen test well.

Material and methods: The validation of the diagnostic test was assessed based on the results of 104 children aged 4-15 years undergoing rhinomanometry. A silicone oral screen (Forwardontics®) and the Spanish version of the Sinus and Nasal Quality of Life Survey (SN-5) were used.

Results: The oral screen test yielded a positive result in 78 participants (75%). The children with a positive test result exhibited higher nasal resistance (561.3 ±140.5%) than those with a negative test result (102.0 ±3.4%), with an odds ratio (OR) of 18.5 (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.5-64.1).

Conclusions: The oral screen test is a highly sensitive and moderately specific method for diagnosing nasal obstruction in children, making it a useful screening tool in clinical practice.

Gingival recessions are a common disease and one of the most frequently used method for managing them is the tunnel technique (TUN). Although more and more articles are addressing the problem, few are adequately structured, usually without following the standard protocols. Many checklists have been developed for this purpose. Among them, the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist is commonly used. Therefore, the present review analyzed trials based on it. The completeness of registration of the trial protocol data was assessed using the TIDieR checklist with regard to the coronally advanced tunnel technique (CAT) with subepithelial connective tissue graft (sCTG) (CAT + sCTG) and CAT alone. The review also investigated the consistency of the research description in the published articles.A total of 37 records were gained from ClinicalTrials.gov and the corresponding publications, including 32 studies employing CAT + sCTG and 5 studies using only CAT. The description of intervention in ClinicalTrials.gov was inadequate for all analyzed trials, and there were also differences between the registered and published studies. The present analysis showed that the description of the registered trials is often incomplete and that detailed data is not pro-vided. It is essential that clinical research is well documented and properly described, so that the findings can be easily implemented in daily clinical practice without confusion.

Background: Effective cleaning protocols are crucial for controlling biofilm formation on oral prostheses and preserving the oral health of patients relying on removable partial dentures (RPDs).

Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the antibiofilm efficacy of 4 cleansing protocols on a cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloy surface, which is commonly used as the base-metal framework material in dental prosthodontics.

Material and methods: Cobalt-chromium specimens were contaminated with isolated strains of Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus mutans to form monospecies biofilms. For a multi-species biofilm, all strains were grown simultaneously on the surfaces of the specimens. After biofilm maturation, the specimens were immersed in different solutions: Ricinus communis 2%; R. communis 10%; Cepacol™; NitrAdine™; and distilled water (control). After applying the hygiene protocols, the viability of the microorganisms and the amount of residual biofilm were assessed..

Results: Immersion in R. communis-based solutions did not significantly alter the viability of the microorganisms. Cepacol reduced the viability of C. albicans, C. glabrata and S. aureus in the mono-species biofilms, as well as C. glabrata in the multi-species biofilm. NitrAdine demonstrated effectiveness in reducing the viability of C. glabrata and S. mutans in both the monoand multi-species biofilms. However, its efficacy against S. aureus was only observed in the mono-species pattern. NitrAdine also reduced the area covered by the living biofilm.

Conclusions: The studied cleansing protocols exhibited reduced antimicrobial efficacy on the multispecies biofilm as compared to the mono-species model. NitrAdine showed potential as a complementary agent for controlling biofilm formation on removable partial dentures.

Background: Knowledge on the potential applications of artificial intelligence (AI) as a diagnostic instrument in the domain of pediatric dentistry is imperative, as AI may significantly influence present and future dental practice.

Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, perception and attitude of pediatric dentists and postgraduate students in the pediatric specialty with regard to the employment of AI in pediatric dental practice.

Material and methods: An online questionnaire survey was conducted among 375 participants (92 postgraduates, 203 faculty members and 80 private practitioners), who were provided with 19 closeended questions through the Google Forms link sent via email. The questions referred to the knowledge, perception and attitude of the participants, with 17 questions answered using a three-point Likert scale and 2 of them being multiple-choice questions. The responses were analyzed using the χ2, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests.

Results: A total of 62% of the participants were familiar with the term 'artificial intelligence', and the majority confirmed that AI could be used for the identification of plaque (57%) and supernumerary teeth (52%), the detection of early childhood caries (ECC) (68%) and the ectopic eruption of first permanent molars (67%), the assessment of child psychology (82%), and the estimation of chronological age (67%). Most participants felt that AI training should be incorporated into the postgraduate curriculum (82%) and were willing to introduce AI to clinical practice (87%). The barriers related to the use of AI were high costs (83%), the lack of training after graduation (78%), the lack of technical knowledge (77%), the fear of misdiagnosis (73%), and the lack of awareness (71%).

Conclusions: The present study concluded that although most pedodontists and postgraduate students had knowledge on AI, there were many obstacles connected with the use of AI in the field of pediatric dentistry. Therefore, the basic training of AI should be included in the curriculum of postgraduate studies.

Childhood cancer survivors report many health issues related not only to the disease itself but also to posttreatment complications. Dental problems in these patients are irreversible, as they mostly concern the permanent dentition. This systematic review and meta-analysis is aimed at determining the prevalence of hypodontia in cancer survivors. The research strategy was implemented using multiple databases, such as PubMed®, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. The literature search was performed on February 21, 2023. A total of 576 articles were screened. Of those, 72 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 31 articles were ultimately selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of tooth agenesis in pediatric cancer patients was found to be 22% (random effects model; 95% confidence interval (CI): 14-25%, p < 0.001). Pooled analyses of 15 unadjusted relative risk estimates demonstrated a significantly higher prevalence of tooth agenesis in cancer patients compared to healthy individuals (unadjusted odds ratio (OR): 3.12; 95% CI: 2.01-4.83; p < 0.00001). Factors reported in the literature as contributing to the incidence of hypodontia include younger age at diagnosis, the utilization of multiple cytostatic drugs, high-dose radiotherapy (RTX), hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and the presence of other dental abnormalities. Patients who underwent cancer therapy during childhood are more prone to hypodontia.