Pub Date : 2018-12-05DOI: 10.35609/gjbssr.2018.6.4(3)
Laila Refiana Said
Objective - This paper explores the challenges faced by the Indonesia National Council on Social Welfare (INCSW) and its 64 organization members from 31 provinces in Indonesia. INCSW is a social organization that is the coordinating agency for social activities by the Government of Indonesia. The analysis includes strategic management of NGOs in the era of disruption, known as the industrial revolution 4.0. Methodology/Technique - This study uses a qualitative methodology procedure to produce descriptive data obtained from verbal answers and observable behavior. The data collection methods used in this study include interviews, surveys, observations, and use of documents as secondary data. Open interviews were conducted with several administrators and staff of the Indonesia National Council on Social Welfare (INCSW). Short questionnaires were given to 64 representatives of NGOs from 31 provinces. The interview and survey included questions that probed their understanding of the industrial revolution 4.0, disruptive innovation, willingness to change, and the readiness of the organization to create values in the era of disruption. Findings - The results show that technology use is still very lacking. The quality of human resources is of minimum concern in digital knowledge. The discussions include observations about the development of management strategies and a variety of programs offered by the Indonesia National Council on Social Welfare (INCSW). Novelty - This research is one of the few studies that examine non-profit organizations in order to create economic and social values in the era of disruption. This study explains the new paradigm of NGOs by changing the platform of NGO work operationalization. This study widens the application of 'network society' theory in the study of NGOs by emphasizing networks to create value for their stakeholders. The managerial implications of this study include the importance of technology use through social media for social sharing, thus communicating social issues more efficiently and effectively. Type of Paper - Empirical. Keywords: Change Management; Disruptive Innovation; Human Resources; Industry Revolution 4.0; Non-Governmental Organizations. JEL Classification: M20, M21, M29.
{"title":"Managing Non-Governmental Organizations to Create Values in the Disruption Era","authors":"Laila Refiana Said","doi":"10.35609/gjbssr.2018.6.4(3)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2018.6.4(3)","url":null,"abstract":"Objective - This paper explores the challenges faced by the Indonesia National Council on Social Welfare (INCSW) and its 64 organization members from 31 provinces in Indonesia. INCSW is a social organization that is the coordinating agency for social activities by the Government of Indonesia. The analysis includes strategic management of NGOs in the era of disruption, known as the industrial revolution 4.0.\u0000\u0000Methodology/Technique - This study uses a qualitative methodology procedure to produce descriptive data obtained from verbal answers and observable behavior. The data collection methods used in this study include interviews, surveys, observations, and use of documents as secondary data. Open interviews were conducted with several administrators and staff of the Indonesia National Council on Social Welfare (INCSW). Short questionnaires were given to 64 representatives of NGOs from 31 provinces. The interview and survey included questions that probed their understanding of the industrial revolution 4.0, disruptive innovation, willingness to change, and the readiness of the organization to create values in the era of disruption.\u0000\u0000Findings - The results show that technology use is still very lacking. The quality of human resources is of minimum concern in digital knowledge. The discussions include observations about the development of management strategies and a variety of programs offered by the Indonesia National Council on Social Welfare (INCSW).\u0000\u0000Novelty - This research is one of the few studies that examine non-profit organizations in order to create economic and social values in the era of disruption. This study explains the new paradigm of NGOs by changing the platform of NGO work operationalization. This study widens the application of 'network society' theory in the study of NGOs by emphasizing networks to create value for their stakeholders. The managerial implications of this study include the importance of technology use through social media for social sharing, thus communicating social issues more efficiently and effectively.\u0000\u0000Type of Paper - Empirical.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Change Management; Disruptive Innovation; Human Resources; Industry Revolution 4.0; Non-Governmental Organizations.\u0000\u0000JEL Classification: M20, M21, M29.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116279105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the legal framework of privatizations in Greece, which was adopted on the basis of the Third Economic Adjustment Programme. This bailout agreement was accompanied by a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) requiring, among others, privatizations of certain State-owned enterprises and other assets. The requirements for privatizations in the MoU are explained. The structure and the operation of the new independent Fund for Privatizations, the Hellenic Corporation of Assets and Participations (HCAP), are scrutinized. Special emphasis is given on one of the subsidiaries of the HCAP, the Public Holdings Company (EDIS). Public interest and public policy considerations are analyzed in the context of EDIS. This article sheds light on the role of various bodies participating in the privatization process of State-owned enterprises in Greece. The absence of golden shares from the Greek privatization programme is also criticized. This criticism considers the golden shares case law of the CJEU. A few concluding remarks are deduced.
{"title":"Privatizations of State-Owned Enterprises in Greece After the Third Economic Adjustment Programme","authors":"Thomas Papadopoulos","doi":"10.54648/eucl2018030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54648/eucl2018030","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the legal framework of privatizations in Greece, which was adopted on the basis of the Third Economic Adjustment Programme. This bailout agreement was accompanied by a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) requiring, among others, privatizations of certain State-owned enterprises and other assets. The requirements for privatizations in the MoU are explained. The structure and the operation of the new independent Fund for Privatizations, the Hellenic Corporation of Assets and Participations (HCAP), are scrutinized. Special emphasis is given on one of the subsidiaries of the HCAP, the Public Holdings Company (EDIS). Public interest and public policy considerations are analyzed in the context of EDIS. This article sheds light on the role of various bodies participating in the privatization process of State-owned enterprises in Greece. The absence of golden shares from the Greek privatization programme is also criticized. This criticism considers the golden shares case law of the CJEU. A few concluding remarks are deduced.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115385079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shivam Gupta, Shouqiang Wang, Milind Dawande, G. Janakiraman
A buyer faces a two-dimensional mechanism design problem for awarding a project to one among a set of contractors, each of whom is privately informed about his cost and his estimate of an a priori random non-cost attribute. The winning contractor realizes his non-cost attribute upon the project’s completion and may “manipulate” it in a costless manner (if such a manipulation is beneficial to him). The non-cost attribute inflicts a disutility cost on the buyer. This procurement problem arises in situations such as highway construction projects, where completion times are a major concern. We establish the significance of incorporating the possibility of manipulation in two ways: (1) Using an optimal mechanism obtained by ignoring the possibility of manipulation can generate perverse incentives for the winning contractor to engage in manipulation. (2) The privacy of the non-cost estimates can generate information rent only due to the possibility of contractors’ manipulation. We further study the family of cost-sharing mechanisms as a nonmanipulable, easy-to-implement and near-optimal solution to the buyer’s procurement problem. In a cost-sharing mechanism, the winning contractor is selected via a second-price auction and needs to reimburse a pre-specified fraction – referred to as the cost-sharing fraction – of the buyer’s disutility cost upon completion of the project. We show that the cost-sharing fraction plays an unequivocal role in capturing the essential tradeoff between allocative inefficiency and information rent. We also characterize the optimal cost-sharing fraction and offer prescriptive guidelines on the choice of this fraction based on the second-moment information of the buyer’s belief distribution. Finally, we establish the theoretical performance guarantees for the optimal cost-sharing mechanism.
{"title":"Procurement with Cost and Non-Cost Attributes: Cost-Sharing Mechanisms","authors":"Shivam Gupta, Shouqiang Wang, Milind Dawande, G. Janakiraman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3132220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3132220","url":null,"abstract":"A buyer faces a two-dimensional mechanism design problem for awarding a project to one among a set of contractors, each of whom is privately informed about his cost and his estimate of an a priori random non-cost attribute. The winning contractor realizes his non-cost attribute upon the project’s completion and may “manipulate” it in a costless manner (if such a manipulation is beneficial to him). The non-cost attribute inflicts a disutility cost on the buyer. This procurement problem arises in situations such as highway construction projects, where completion times are a major concern. We establish the significance of incorporating the possibility of manipulation in two ways: (1) Using an optimal mechanism obtained by ignoring the possibility of manipulation can generate perverse incentives for the winning contractor to engage in manipulation. (2) The privacy of the non-cost estimates can generate information rent only due to the possibility of contractors’ manipulation. We further study the family of cost-sharing mechanisms as a nonmanipulable, easy-to-implement and near-optimal solution to the buyer’s procurement problem. In a cost-sharing mechanism, the winning contractor is selected via a second-price auction and needs to reimburse a pre-specified fraction – referred to as the cost-sharing fraction – of the buyer’s disutility cost upon completion of the project. We show that the cost-sharing fraction plays an unequivocal role in capturing the essential tradeoff between allocative inefficiency and information rent. We also characterize the optimal cost-sharing fraction and offer prescriptive guidelines on the choice of this fraction based on the second-moment information of the buyer’s belief distribution. Finally, we establish the theoretical performance guarantees for the optimal cost-sharing mechanism.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116918846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the digital age dominated by social media, neither non-profits nor traditional for profit firms can rely on traditional promotional activities. Rather, promotion and word-of-mouth are generated through an organic and polycentric process of commons-based peer production over social media. This type of co-production appeals to the millennial market values of localtarian, social entrepreneurial, and personalized experiences. As the millennial generation comes of age they are now the largest generational cohort in both population and buying power and their preferences are increasingly dominating trends in the marketplace. The nonprofits that are most adept at harnessing the millennial desire for co-production will be those that succeed at attracting the increasingly important millennial donor base. Because of this, we see a future nonprofit arena characterized by polycentric commons-based peer production.
{"title":"Philanthropy in the Millennial Age: Trends Toward Polycentric Personalized Philanthropy","authors":"Elizabeth Crisp Crawford, J. Jackson","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3285356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3285356","url":null,"abstract":"In the digital age dominated by social media, neither non-profits nor traditional for profit firms can rely on traditional promotional activities. Rather, promotion and word-of-mouth are generated through an organic and polycentric process of commons-based peer production over social media. This type of co-production appeals to the millennial market values of localtarian, social entrepreneurial, and personalized experiences. As the millennial generation comes of age they are now the largest generational cohort in both population and buying power and their preferences are increasingly dominating trends in the marketplace. The nonprofits that are most adept at harnessing the millennial desire for co-production will be those that succeed at attracting the increasingly important millennial donor base. Because of this, we see a future nonprofit arena characterized by polycentric commons-based peer production.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134150546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2015, the FCC issued its most sweeping order protecting net neutrality. Fast forward to today’s environment in which the FCC rolled back most net neutrality protections for consumers and producers of content on the Internet. The essence of such deregulation is that Internet service providers can discriminate among Internet users, allowing prioritization (for a price) in the transmission of their data. In this paper, we address different “discrimination” policies (regulatory regimes) to determine how they could affect nonprofits. We expect this research to inform nonprofits, policymakers, and consumers about technology and media policy for nonprofit organizations in the future.
{"title":"Net Neutrality and Nonprofits: Will It Affect Us, and if So, How Much?","authors":"Natalie J. Webb, L. Armey","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3284584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3284584","url":null,"abstract":"In 2015, the FCC issued its most sweeping order protecting net neutrality. Fast forward to today’s environment in which the FCC rolled back most net neutrality protections for consumers and producers of content on the Internet. The essence of such deregulation is that Internet service providers can discriminate among Internet users, allowing prioritization (for a price) in the transmission of their data. In this paper, we address different “discrimination” policies (regulatory regimes) to determine how they could affect nonprofits. We expect this research to inform nonprofits, policymakers, and consumers about technology and media policy for nonprofit organizations in the future.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"13 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116428568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.26595/EAMR.2014.5.1.1
M. Mas-Machuca, F. Marimon
Despite the level of interest surrounding mission statements and their internalization in organizations, there is a lack of a valid construct to measure the sense of mission in organizational climate surveys. The aim of this exploratory study is to define and validate an instrument to assess the perception of the implementation of the mission in everyday routines. A sample of 132 employees from two companies completed the questionnaire to probe the scale’s reliability and validity. A principal components analyses (PCAs) were conducted, taking the three dimensions separately. Later, a confirmatory analysis of the entire scale, which was a factor analysis using structural equation modelling (SEM) techniques, taking into accounts the three aforementioned dimensions. The scale is composed of ten items arranged in three dimensions: sensemaking of the mission, employee mission engagement, and organizational alignment. These scales provide clues to human resources managers about how to define and implement the mission to ensure that it will be interiorized by all members of the company. This new scale provides scholars with a comprehensive way to measure and assess the presence of the mission in the organizational climate and provides human resources managers with a useful kit to apply within their organizations.
{"title":"Mission Climate Measurement: A New Validated Scale","authors":"M. Mas-Machuca, F. Marimon","doi":"10.26595/EAMR.2014.5.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26595/EAMR.2014.5.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the level of interest surrounding mission statements and their internalization in organizations, there is a lack of a valid construct to measure the sense of mission in organizational climate surveys. The aim of this exploratory study is to define and validate an instrument to assess the perception of the implementation of the mission in everyday routines. A sample of 132 employees from two companies completed the questionnaire to probe the scale’s reliability and validity. A principal components analyses (PCAs) were conducted, taking the three dimensions separately. Later, a confirmatory analysis of the entire scale, which was a factor analysis using structural equation modelling (SEM) techniques, taking into accounts the three aforementioned dimensions. The scale is composed of ten items arranged in three dimensions: sensemaking of the mission, employee mission engagement, and organizational alignment. These scales provide clues to human resources managers about how to define and implement the mission to ensure that it will be interiorized by all members of the company. This new scale provides scholars with a comprehensive way to measure and assess the presence of the mission in the organizational climate and provides human resources managers with a useful kit to apply within their organizations.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116342226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The generally well-accepted belief motivating modern antitrust analysis of vertical mergers — i.e., acquisitions that combine companies in different levels of the same supply chain — is that they are generally procompetitive or neutral. That belief is based upon a significant body of empirical evidence. Indeed, as former U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Bureau of Economics head Francine Lafontaine and Margaret Slade concluded, “[c]onsistent with the large set of efficiency motives for vertical mergers . . . the [empirical] evidence on the consequences of vertical mergers suggests that consumers mostly benefit from mergers that firms undertake voluntarily.” That view of the empirical evidence is consistent with other meta-studies of the empirical evidence by leading industrial organization economists from academia and the U.S. antitrust agencies. Consistent with this evidence, the U.S. antitrust agencies typically have rarely challenged vertical mergers. When they have challenged vertical mergers, they have tended to resolve concerns with narrowly tailored behavioral remedies, such as firewalls to prevent the sharing of rivals’ competitively sensitive information, non-discrimination clauses to eliminate incentives to disfavor rivals, and requirements to supply and/or license competitors. This Article is organized as follows: Section I sets forth the empirical evidence supporting the widespread understanding that vertical integration is generally procompetitive or neutral, and responds to the major critiques of these studies. Section I also discusses typical justifications for vertical integration, namely avoiding the costly and risky processes of forming, administering, and enforcing contracts with independent suppliers and customers. Section II lays out the economic approach to antitrust analysis of vertical mergers, briefly addressing calls for the U.S. antitrust agencies to update their 1984 Non-Horizontal Merger Guidelines. Section III discusses remedies. The final section offers closing thoughts focusing on the relative expertise of agencies and courts as compared to merging parties in evaluating the costs and benefits of vertical integration.
{"title":"Antitrust Analysis of Vertical Mergers: Recent Developments and Economic Teachings","authors":"Koren W. Wong-Ervin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3273344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3273344","url":null,"abstract":"The generally well-accepted belief motivating modern antitrust analysis of vertical mergers — i.e., acquisitions that combine companies in different levels of the same supply chain — is that they are generally procompetitive or neutral. That belief is based upon a significant body of empirical evidence. Indeed, as former U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Bureau of Economics head Francine Lafontaine and Margaret Slade concluded, “[c]onsistent with the large set of efficiency motives for vertical mergers . . . the [empirical] evidence on the consequences of vertical mergers suggests that consumers mostly benefit from mergers that firms undertake voluntarily.” That view of the empirical evidence is consistent with other meta-studies of the empirical evidence by leading industrial organization economists from academia and the U.S. antitrust agencies. Consistent with this evidence, the U.S. antitrust agencies typically have rarely challenged vertical mergers. When they have challenged vertical mergers, they have tended to resolve concerns with narrowly tailored behavioral remedies, such as firewalls to prevent the sharing of rivals’ competitively sensitive information, non-discrimination clauses to eliminate incentives to disfavor rivals, and requirements to supply and/or license competitors. \u0000 \u0000This Article is organized as follows: Section I sets forth the empirical evidence supporting the widespread understanding that vertical integration is generally procompetitive or neutral, and responds to the major critiques of these studies. Section I also discusses typical justifications for vertical integration, namely avoiding the costly and risky processes of forming, administering, and enforcing contracts with independent suppliers and customers. Section II lays out the economic approach to antitrust analysis of vertical mergers, briefly addressing calls for the U.S. antitrust agencies to update their 1984 Non-Horizontal Merger Guidelines. Section III discusses remedies. The final section offers closing thoughts focusing on the relative expertise of agencies and courts as compared to merging parties in evaluating the costs and benefits of vertical integration.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"248 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130019807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates why foreign subsidiaries engage in research and development in host countries. Foreign subsidiaries form an integral part of the MNE and they play a significant role in the success of the organization. Foreign subsidiaries form an integral part of the global strategy for international corporations. Foreign subsidiaries are incorporated in countries other than the country where the parent company is incorporated. There are several cases which indicate the importance of research and development in host nations.
{"title":"Importance of Research & Development in Foreign Subsidiaries","authors":"Chenoy Ceil","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3520579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3520579","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates why foreign subsidiaries engage in research and development in host countries. Foreign subsidiaries form an integral part of the MNE and they play a significant role in the success of the organization. Foreign subsidiaries form an integral part of the global strategy for international corporations. Foreign subsidiaries are incorporated in countries other than the country where the parent company is incorporated. There are several cases which indicate the importance of research and development in host nations.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130590351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Problem definition : This paper studies the information-sharing strategy for a retail platform on which multiple competing sellers distribute their products. Academic/practical relevance : Because of the rapid growth of retail platforms in recent years, information sharing has become an increasingly important issue because retail platforms can gather an enormous amount of consumer information that may not be visible to the sellers. Understanding how to share such information with those sellers will provide useful implications from both the theoretical and practical perspectives. Methodology : We develop a game-theoretic model where multiple sellers engage in Cournot competition on a retail platform by selling substitutable products, and the platform charges a commission fee for each transaction. The platform owns superior demand information and can control the accuracy level when sharing the information with the sellers. Results : We find that the platform has incentives to share the information, and such sharing is beneficial both to the platform and to all sellers. Under the asymmetric information-sharing format, the optimal strategy for the platform is to select a subgroup of sellers and truthfully share information with them. Under the symmetric sharing format, the platform must use the same accuracy level and the same set of information for all sellers, and thus has incentives to reduce the accuracy of the shared information. Moreover, we identify a simple pricing mechanism that can achieve the optimal information-sharing outcome. Managerial implications : This research highlights the importance of considering the impact of information sharing for a retail platform with competing sellers. It also proposes a simple, single-price mechanism to implement the optimal sharing strategy. These results could provide useful guidelines for platform managers to better design their information-sharing services.
{"title":"Information Sharing on Retail Platforms","authors":"Zekun Liu, Dennis J. Zhang, Fuqiang Zhang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3258109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3258109","url":null,"abstract":"Problem definition : This paper studies the information-sharing strategy for a retail platform on which multiple competing sellers distribute their products. Academic/practical relevance : Because of the rapid growth of retail platforms in recent years, information sharing has become an increasingly important issue because retail platforms can gather an enormous amount of consumer information that may not be visible to the sellers. Understanding how to share such information with those sellers will provide useful implications from both the theoretical and practical perspectives. Methodology : We develop a game-theoretic model where multiple sellers engage in Cournot competition on a retail platform by selling substitutable products, and the platform charges a commission fee for each transaction. The platform owns superior demand information and can control the accuracy level when sharing the information with the sellers. Results : We find that the platform has incentives to share the information, and such sharing is beneficial both to the platform and to all sellers. Under the asymmetric information-sharing format, the optimal strategy for the platform is to select a subgroup of sellers and truthfully share information with them. Under the symmetric sharing format, the platform must use the same accuracy level and the same set of information for all sellers, and thus has incentives to reduce the accuracy of the shared information. Moreover, we identify a simple pricing mechanism that can achieve the optimal information-sharing outcome. Managerial implications : This research highlights the importance of considering the impact of information sharing for a retail platform with competing sellers. It also proposes a simple, single-price mechanism to implement the optimal sharing strategy. These results could provide useful guidelines for platform managers to better design their information-sharing services.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"177 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116009040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, community and civic engagement have been slowly eroded in importance in the United States in favor of standardized and globalized processes. This has increased the erosion of citizens’ belief that their voices and votes actually matter in American society. Alexis de Tocqueville persuasively argued that the isolation of individual citizens from a shared sense of community and from empowerment to effect change severely weakens democracies like the United States. To reverse this erosion, American citizens must ground themselves in a new type of solidarity, one based on mutual trust, shared values, meaningful dialogue, and renewed interest in the community.
近年来，在美国，社区和公民参与的重要性逐渐被标准化和全球化进程所取代。这进一步削弱了公民的信念，即他们的声音和选票在美国社会中实际上很重要。亚历克西斯·德·托克维尔(Alexis de Tocqueville)令人信服地指出，将公民个体与共同的社区意识隔离开来，以及从赋予权力到影响变革，严重削弱了像美国这样的民主国家。为了扭转这种侵蚀，美国公民必须建立一种新型的团结，这种团结建立在相互信任、共同价值观、有意义的对话和对社区重新产生兴趣的基础上。
{"title":"When Tocqueville Meets Technology: The Impact of Globalization on American Civic Engagement","authors":"Robert Courtadon","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3254997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3254997","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, community and civic engagement have been slowly eroded in importance in the United States in favor of standardized and globalized processes. This has increased the erosion of citizens’ belief that their voices and votes actually matter in American society. Alexis de Tocqueville persuasively argued that the isolation of individual citizens from a shared sense of community and from empowerment to effect change severely weakens democracies like the United States. To reverse this erosion, American citizens must ground themselves in a new type of solidarity, one based on mutual trust, shared values, meaningful dialogue, and renewed interest in the community.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127840482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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