Pub Date : 2013-04-23DOI: 10.1109/PECI.2013.6506047
S. Hossain, S. Dhople, Taylor T. Johnson
A design verification method for closed-loop switching power converters is presented in this paper. The method computes the set of reachable states from an initial set of states. Case studies are presented for closed-loop buck converters using this approach. The buck converter is first modeled as a switched linear system. Two controllers are studied, first a simple hysteresis controller, and then a linear controller. The analysis method is automated and uses the hybrid systems reachability analysis tool SpaceEx. The applications and limitations of the analysis method are explored in this study.
{"title":"Reachability analysis of closed-loop switching power converters","authors":"S. Hossain, S. Dhople, Taylor T. Johnson","doi":"10.1109/PECI.2013.6506047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PECI.2013.6506047","url":null,"abstract":"A design verification method for closed-loop switching power converters is presented in this paper. The method computes the set of reachable states from an initial set of states. Case studies are presented for closed-loop buck converters using this approach. The buck converter is first modeled as a switched linear system. Two controllers are studied, first a simple hysteresis controller, and then a linear controller. The analysis method is automated and uses the hybrid systems reachability analysis tool SpaceEx. The applications and limitations of the analysis method are explored in this study.","PeriodicalId":113021,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power and Energy Conference at Illinois (PECI)","volume":"174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124262474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-23DOI: 10.1109/PECI.2013.6506045
A. Ebrahimi, M. Maier, N. Parspour
A variety of efficient control strategies for synchronous motors have been proposed in recent years. Many of them use the rotary or stationary two dimensional axes in order to make the control algorithm easier. However, trying to describe the motor behavior using just two axes is either impossible or at least not complete. Neglecting the real flux density distribution of motors, leads even to wrong or at least naive interpretation about the functionality of the machine. In this paper a new approach for understanding the torque development of a permanent magnet synchronous motor in the field weakening region is developed and verified with experimental results. The description of induced voltage and torque using flux density distribution in the air gap offers a deep insight into the functionality and behavior of a electric machine.
{"title":"Analysis of torque behavior of permanent magnet synchronous motor in field-weakening operation","authors":"A. Ebrahimi, M. Maier, N. Parspour","doi":"10.1109/PECI.2013.6506045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PECI.2013.6506045","url":null,"abstract":"A variety of efficient control strategies for synchronous motors have been proposed in recent years. Many of them use the rotary or stationary two dimensional axes in order to make the control algorithm easier. However, trying to describe the motor behavior using just two axes is either impossible or at least not complete. Neglecting the real flux density distribution of motors, leads even to wrong or at least naive interpretation about the functionality of the machine. In this paper a new approach for understanding the torque development of a permanent magnet synchronous motor in the field weakening region is developed and verified with experimental results. The description of induced voltage and torque using flux density distribution in the air gap offers a deep insight into the functionality and behavior of a electric machine.","PeriodicalId":113021,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power and Energy Conference at Illinois (PECI)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122304881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-23DOI: 10.1109/PECI.2013.6506055
E. C. dos Santos Junior, M. Alibeik, B. Creek
In this paper is proposed an integrated power electronics solution able to connect a distributed generation (DG) system with a hybrid dc/ac microgrid. One of the main advantages of the proposed converter is high level of integration with reduction of one power switch, while keeping the same features of the conventional solution, such as (i) bidirectional power flow between dc and ac micro-grids, (ii) independent control in both dc and ac parts, and (iii) different operation conditions using a unique power conversion circuit. Despite proposing a new solution, this paper presents the converter models and an analysis of the converter in terms of its operation and PWM strategy, as well as the analysis of the power flow among different elements employed in the system.
{"title":"New power electronics converter interfacing a DG system with hybrid dc/ac microgrid","authors":"E. C. dos Santos Junior, M. Alibeik, B. Creek","doi":"10.1109/PECI.2013.6506055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PECI.2013.6506055","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper is proposed an integrated power electronics solution able to connect a distributed generation (DG) system with a hybrid dc/ac microgrid. One of the main advantages of the proposed converter is high level of integration with reduction of one power switch, while keeping the same features of the conventional solution, such as (i) bidirectional power flow between dc and ac micro-grids, (ii) independent control in both dc and ac parts, and (iii) different operation conditions using a unique power conversion circuit. Despite proposing a new solution, this paper presents the converter models and an analysis of the converter in terms of its operation and PWM strategy, as well as the analysis of the power flow among different elements employed in the system.","PeriodicalId":113021,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power and Energy Conference at Illinois (PECI)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132648936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-23DOI: 10.1109/PECI.2013.6506048
A. M. Ari, Lingxi Li, O. Wasynczuk
Modern power converters use input filters as power conditioners to guarantee the quality of equipment performance. Input filters have various topologies with primary objectives to reduce noise and improve system reliability. However, a poor implementation, in turn, can often hinder the dynamic performance and the stability of the converter. In this paper, the design of a single-section low-pass LC filter for N-port DC-DC converters is addressed. Mathematical expressions for the minimum sizing of the filter components are established using the voltage and current ripple. Frequency response analyses based on the converter state-space model are employed to study its performance. A linear feedback controller is then designed to stabilize the system. The LC filter design procedure is demonstrated for a 4-port DC-DC converter tied to the utility grid, a battery bank, a renewable energy source, and a load.
{"title":"Filter design for N-port DC-DC converters","authors":"A. M. Ari, Lingxi Li, O. Wasynczuk","doi":"10.1109/PECI.2013.6506048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PECI.2013.6506048","url":null,"abstract":"Modern power converters use input filters as power conditioners to guarantee the quality of equipment performance. Input filters have various topologies with primary objectives to reduce noise and improve system reliability. However, a poor implementation, in turn, can often hinder the dynamic performance and the stability of the converter. In this paper, the design of a single-section low-pass LC filter for N-port DC-DC converters is addressed. Mathematical expressions for the minimum sizing of the filter components are established using the voltage and current ripple. Frequency response analyses based on the converter state-space model are employed to study its performance. A linear feedback controller is then designed to stabilize the system. The LC filter design procedure is demonstrated for a 4-port DC-DC converter tied to the utility grid, a battery bank, a renewable energy source, and a load.","PeriodicalId":113021,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power and Energy Conference at Illinois (PECI)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130726226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-23DOI: 10.1109/PECI.2013.6506029
Shibin Qin, K. Kim, R. Pilawa-Podgurski
In this paper, a high fidelity, easy-to-implement photovoltaic (PV) module emulator is presented. The proposed emulator can replicate the electrical behavior of a sunlight illuminated PV module in an indoor environment. The construction of this emulator requires only a PV module and basic laboratory equipment, while still providing dynamic performance that closely matches that of an illuminated PV module in an outdoor environment. The output I-V characteristics of the PV module under real sunlight and that of the proposed emulator were experimentally obtained and compared, such that the functionality of the proposed emulator was verified. An in-depth analysis of the PV module output small-signal impedance is also presented to illustrate the dynamic performance of this emulator.
{"title":"Laboratory emulation of a photovoltaic module for controllable insolation and realistic dynamic performance","authors":"Shibin Qin, K. Kim, R. Pilawa-Podgurski","doi":"10.1109/PECI.2013.6506029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PECI.2013.6506029","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a high fidelity, easy-to-implement photovoltaic (PV) module emulator is presented. The proposed emulator can replicate the electrical behavior of a sunlight illuminated PV module in an indoor environment. The construction of this emulator requires only a PV module and basic laboratory equipment, while still providing dynamic performance that closely matches that of an illuminated PV module in an outdoor environment. The output I-V characteristics of the PV module under real sunlight and that of the proposed emulator were experimentally obtained and compared, such that the functionality of the proposed emulator was verified. An in-depth analysis of the PV module output small-signal impedance is also presented to illustrate the dynamic performance of this emulator.","PeriodicalId":113021,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power and Energy Conference at Illinois (PECI)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116931544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-23DOI: 10.1109/PECI.2013.6506025
M. Scott, Jinzhu Li, Jin Wang
The electrical properties of Gallium Nitride (GaN) offer several advantages over Silicon (Si) for creating switching devices for power electronics. Already this emerging technology is showing improvements in power density and efficiency in certain applications. The following paper reviews the current state of the art of GaN devices. It discusses challenges in implementation, such as the mistriggers that result from dV/dt's across the miller capacitance. It examines third quadrant operation for negative gate to source voltages. A strategy for mounting devices from Efficient Power Conversion is provided. Finally, two switched capacitor circuits are presented with experimental results. The first is a voltage doubler operating at 893 kHz with a peak power of 480 W and an efficiency of 94.4 %. The second is a three-phase, three-level inverter with preliminary test results operating at 300 kHz.
{"title":"Applications of Gallium Nitride in power electronics","authors":"M. Scott, Jinzhu Li, Jin Wang","doi":"10.1109/PECI.2013.6506025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PECI.2013.6506025","url":null,"abstract":"The electrical properties of Gallium Nitride (GaN) offer several advantages over Silicon (Si) for creating switching devices for power electronics. Already this emerging technology is showing improvements in power density and efficiency in certain applications. The following paper reviews the current state of the art of GaN devices. It discusses challenges in implementation, such as the mistriggers that result from dV/dt's across the miller capacitance. It examines third quadrant operation for negative gate to source voltages. A strategy for mounting devices from Efficient Power Conversion is provided. Finally, two switched capacitor circuits are presented with experimental results. The first is a voltage doubler operating at 893 kHz with a peak power of 480 W and an efficiency of 94.4 %. The second is a three-phase, three-level inverter with preliminary test results operating at 300 kHz.","PeriodicalId":113021,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power and Energy Conference at Illinois (PECI)","volume":"69 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114112410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-23DOI: 10.1109/PECI.2013.6506065
L. K. Haller, S. T. Cady
This paper discusses a method for determining the feedback gain for a distributed control algorithm suitable for regulating the frequency in small-footprint power systems. In particular, utilizing a model of the generators in the system, we formulate a relation between changes in load and the electrical frequency which is a function of the model parameters. Using this relation, we develop a method for estimating these parameters and thus the feedback gain. Parameter estimation results for a single machine is presented followed by results for a specific small-footprint power system.
{"title":"Feedback gain for distributed frequency regulation in small-footprint power systems via parameter estimation","authors":"L. K. Haller, S. T. Cady","doi":"10.1109/PECI.2013.6506065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PECI.2013.6506065","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses a method for determining the feedback gain for a distributed control algorithm suitable for regulating the frequency in small-footprint power systems. In particular, utilizing a model of the generators in the system, we formulate a relation between changes in load and the electrical frequency which is a function of the model parameters. Using this relation, we develop a method for estimating these parameters and thus the feedback gain. Parameter estimation results for a single machine is presented followed by results for a specific small-footprint power system.","PeriodicalId":113021,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power and Energy Conference at Illinois (PECI)","volume":"6061 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133533792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-23DOI: 10.1109/PECI.2013.6506059
W. Jang, S. Mohapatra, T. Overbye, Hao Zhu
A reduced order equivalent of a power system is a simplified model of the original system with the ability to preserve some key characteristics and to provide adequate fidelity in simulation studies with considerably reduced computational requirements. In this paper, an algorithm to construct an equivalent system with the ability to retain thermal line limits is presented. The application of Kron's reduction and power transfer distribution factor is used in the creation of the reduced system. The criteria for this method and its step-by-step procedure with the implementation to a small power system are described. Also, the result of its application to the IEEE 118 bus system is provided.
{"title":"Line limit preserving power system equivalent","authors":"W. Jang, S. Mohapatra, T. Overbye, Hao Zhu","doi":"10.1109/PECI.2013.6506059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PECI.2013.6506059","url":null,"abstract":"A reduced order equivalent of a power system is a simplified model of the original system with the ability to preserve some key characteristics and to provide adequate fidelity in simulation studies with considerably reduced computational requirements. In this paper, an algorithm to construct an equivalent system with the ability to retain thermal line limits is presented. The application of Kron's reduction and power transfer distribution factor is used in the creation of the reduced system. The criteria for this method and its step-by-step procedure with the implementation to a small power system are described. Also, the result of its application to the IEEE 118 bus system is provided.","PeriodicalId":113021,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power and Energy Conference at Illinois (PECI)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131949913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-23DOI: 10.1109/PECI.2013.6506064
K. Mackey, R. McCann
There has been a recent increase in the deployment of phasor measurement units (PMUs) based on the IEEE C37.118 standard. Also referred to as synchrophasors, these have enabled the use of real-time frequency and frequency-rate measurements from generators and substations to be included in load-frequency control applications. This paper presents a method for improving the frequency damping characteristics of a three-area system that experiences 0.5 Hz oscillations. A linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller is developed that includes a Kalman filter for the unmeasured states. An inter-area damping controller is developed using frequency measurements at a sample rate and resolution that would be achieved with IEEE C37.118 compliant synchrophasors in each of the three areas. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller under realistic circumstances.
{"title":"Improved inter-area stability using an LQG controller incorporating synchrophasor data","authors":"K. Mackey, R. McCann","doi":"10.1109/PECI.2013.6506064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PECI.2013.6506064","url":null,"abstract":"There has been a recent increase in the deployment of phasor measurement units (PMUs) based on the IEEE C37.118 standard. Also referred to as synchrophasors, these have enabled the use of real-time frequency and frequency-rate measurements from generators and substations to be included in load-frequency control applications. This paper presents a method for improving the frequency damping characteristics of a three-area system that experiences 0.5 Hz oscillations. A linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller is developed that includes a Kalman filter for the unmeasured states. An inter-area damping controller is developed using frequency measurements at a sample rate and resolution that would be achieved with IEEE C37.118 compliant synchrophasors in each of the three areas. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller under realistic circumstances.","PeriodicalId":113021,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power and Energy Conference at Illinois (PECI)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116293193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-23DOI: 10.1109/PECI.2013.6506060
S. A. Hussain, F. Zaro, M. A. Abido
Accurate power system monitoring plays a vital role in detection of supply problems within the supply grid. Of all parameters being monitored, rms based measurements are used to detect various voltage based events within the system. IEEE and IEC based standards utilize full cycle instantaneous samples repeated every half a cycle for the calculation of rms. These measurements are not without limitations especially for short duration variations. This paper proposes 4-instantaneous sample points sampled at 90 degrees apart (quadrature based rms) to estimate rms and further detect voltage events in real-time. The proposed method is experimentally tested and applied for voltage events monitoring using Labview FPGA CompactRio platform. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for estimating the signal rms value with less number of samples.
{"title":"Implementation of quadrature based RMS calculation on real-time power monitoring systems","authors":"S. A. Hussain, F. Zaro, M. A. Abido","doi":"10.1109/PECI.2013.6506060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PECI.2013.6506060","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate power system monitoring plays a vital role in detection of supply problems within the supply grid. Of all parameters being monitored, rms based measurements are used to detect various voltage based events within the system. IEEE and IEC based standards utilize full cycle instantaneous samples repeated every half a cycle for the calculation of rms. These measurements are not without limitations especially for short duration variations. This paper proposes 4-instantaneous sample points sampled at 90 degrees apart (quadrature based rms) to estimate rms and further detect voltage events in real-time. The proposed method is experimentally tested and applied for voltage events monitoring using Labview FPGA CompactRio platform. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for estimating the signal rms value with less number of samples.","PeriodicalId":113021,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power and Energy Conference at Illinois (PECI)","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127107716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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