Abstract Architecture both defines and is defined by social, cultural, political and financial constraints: this is where the discipline and the profession of architecture meet. This mutual sway evolves wherever interferences in the built environment are thought-out and can be strengthened or weakened by the many ways in which the practice of architecture can be undertaken. The more familiar we are about the concerns and factors that control what can be made, the greater the opportunities to propose and make appropriate architectures. Apparently, the criteria in any qualification policy should permit flexibility of approach and will – for reasons including cultural choice, political issues, and son on – vary significantly from country to country. However the weighting of the various criteria have to ensure adequate standards both in educational system as in the professional training. This paper develops, deepens and questions about the regulatory entry routes to the professional practice of architecture in the Arab world. It is also intended to provide an informed basis about strategies for conventional and unconventional models of practice in preparation for the next stages of architect’s work experience and professional experience. With the objective of promoting the implementation of adequate built environment in the practice of architecture, a comprehensive analysis of various pathways of access to the profession are selected as case studies, encompassing examples from across the world. The review of such case studies allows the creation of a comprehensive picture in relation to the conditions for qualification of practitioners of the built environment at the level of the Middle Eastern countries and the Arab World. Such investigation considers the following aspects: professional title and domain of practice
{"title":"ACADEMIC EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL TRAINING TOWARDS ARCHITECTURE BESTPRACTICE IN THE ARAB WORLD","authors":"S. Saridar, Hisham El-Aranaouty","doi":"10.54729/2789-8547.1089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/2789-8547.1089","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Architecture both defines and is defined by social, cultural, political and financial constraints: this is where the discipline and the profession of architecture meet. This mutual sway evolves wherever interferences in the built environment are thought-out and can be strengthened or weakened by the many ways in which the practice of architecture can be undertaken. The more familiar we are about the concerns and factors that control what can be made, the greater the opportunities to propose and make appropriate architectures. Apparently, the criteria in any qualification policy should permit flexibility of approach and will – for reasons including cultural choice, political issues, and son on – vary significantly from country to country. However the weighting of the various criteria have to ensure adequate standards both in educational system as in the professional training. This paper develops, deepens and questions about the regulatory entry routes to the professional practice of architecture in the Arab world. It is also intended to provide an informed basis about strategies for conventional and unconventional models of practice in preparation for the next stages of architect’s work experience and professional experience. With the objective of promoting the implementation of adequate built environment in the practice of architecture, a comprehensive analysis of various pathways of access to the profession are selected as case studies, encompassing examples from across the world. The review of such case studies allows the creation of a comprehensive picture in relation to the conditions for qualification of practitioners of the built environment at the level of the Middle Eastern countries and the Arab World. Such investigation considers the following aspects: professional title and domain of practice","PeriodicalId":113089,"journal":{"name":"Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ)","volume":"174 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127543641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Despite the drifts towards globalization, regions and cities are emerging as the main arenas for international competitiveness. Cities are turning out to be as communities of knowledge, innovation, and creativity, yet becoming more complex, dynamic, diverse, and intangible. In this context, new strategies and approaches must be considered. Proposing a science park bridges the gap between education, research and industries. It could develop a creative urban regeneration processes, educational development and economic growth. Initiating the project with a sustainable approach will increase knowledge and develop innovated solutions in common areas as water management, alternative forms of energy, oil and gas extraction, industrial advancement, and sustainable urban development. The paper is going to discuss the feasibility of applying a science park in Lebanon as a case study for Middle Eastern developing countries. Applying these strategies on slum areas will improve the urban fabric and enhance the infrastructure of the neighborhood. Ten International case studies that augmented their regions around the world are analyzed to achieve the most efficient science park program that fits the local context. Furthermore, the adopted strategy could be applied in any developing country with similar contexts.
{"title":"MERGING EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY FOR LEADING A CREATIVE URBAN RECOGNITION INMIDDLE EASTERN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES","authors":"A. Sidani, A. Mansour","doi":"10.54729/2789-8547.1084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/2789-8547.1084","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Despite the drifts towards globalization, regions and cities are emerging as the main arenas for international competitiveness. Cities are turning out to be as communities of knowledge, innovation, and creativity, yet becoming more complex, dynamic, diverse, and intangible. In this context, new strategies and approaches must be considered. Proposing a science park bridges the gap between education, research and industries. It could develop a creative urban regeneration processes, educational development and economic growth. Initiating the project with a sustainable approach will increase knowledge and develop innovated solutions in common areas as water management, alternative forms of energy, oil and gas extraction, industrial advancement, and sustainable urban development. The paper is going to discuss the feasibility of applying a science park in Lebanon as a case study for Middle Eastern developing countries. Applying these strategies on slum areas will improve the urban fabric and enhance the infrastructure of the neighborhood. Ten International case studies that augmented their regions around the world are analyzed to achieve the most efficient science park program that fits the local context. Furthermore, the adopted strategy could be applied in any developing country with similar contexts.","PeriodicalId":113089,"journal":{"name":"Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124010699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Creating a new building can be seen as an unequivocal process which requires input from a variety of resources, using a range of abilities and skills to arrange and manage factors as well as resolving combative and quarrelsome issues. The performance of the design process in the building industry has a great influence on the success of subsequent processes in construction projects and also on the outcome of the quality of the final product. Despite its importance, relatively little significance has been given to the management of the design process. The research will dissect and analyze the process of building design and identify the building designer’s relationship with other role players in the design and construction teams, the ideas are further developed into proposals which are capable of being built and which will satisfy the needs of the inhabitants. The research aim to bridge the gap between the advanced design process and the architectural business field, this research addresses the design implications of business decisions and vice versa, this subject is concerned with value: the value of design and its management. There was a need for management thinking and tools that supported and enhanced, rather than distracted from, the act of creating architecture. Efforts to combine managerial thinking and architectural management design coupled with design organizations eventually gave rise to the establishment of ‘Architectural Management’ as a new research domain.
{"title":"ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN PROCESS MANAGEMENT","authors":"Nesreen Alkassabany, Magdy Mousa","doi":"10.54729/2789-8547.1095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/2789-8547.1095","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Creating a new building can be seen as an unequivocal process which requires input from a variety of resources, using a range of abilities and skills to arrange and manage factors as well as resolving combative and quarrelsome issues. The performance of the design process in the building industry has a great influence on the success of subsequent processes in construction projects and also on the outcome of the quality of the final product. Despite its importance, relatively little significance has been given to the management of the design process. The research will dissect and analyze the process of building design and identify the building designer’s relationship with other role players in the design and construction teams, the ideas are further developed into proposals which are capable of being built and which will satisfy the needs of the inhabitants. The research aim to bridge the gap between the advanced design process and the architectural business field, this research addresses the design implications of business decisions and vice versa, this subject is concerned with value: the value of design and its management. There was a need for management thinking and tools that supported and enhanced, rather than distracted from, the act of creating architecture. Efforts to combine managerial thinking and architectural management design coupled with design organizations eventually gave rise to the establishment of ‘Architectural Management’ as a new research domain.","PeriodicalId":113089,"journal":{"name":"Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ)","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115607779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This qualitative paper investigates a new method of architectural education in architecture studio monitoring in the field of brick tilling. It covered a background to the related fields based on art and design methods, which have been used in Iran dating back thousands of years until present. As a research methodology, a deep observation on conventional method of carpet-weaving workshops, shaped the first steps of this article. In this method, the overall plan that includes a floral carpet to ranges of square pixels and color finds their own characteristics as paint, rows and columns. In these studios, someone took the coded map and sang respectively, row after row to be applied by others. This paper aimed to apply similar mix methods of coding by using songs for tiling the bricks. Iranian architecture students covered the scope of study in three different phases. The method of “Ava Chideman” is derived from the weaving technique and the combination of sounds and installation of tile works, which its results have been analyzed in this paper. Researcher believed this paper would help current and future designers and researchers. Additionally, this methodology aims to minimize the expert's role to produce safe and vernacular built forms and economical housing, while trying not to compromise on quality and freedom of local needs.
{"title":"EFFECTS OF SOUNDS AND LYRICS IN BRICK TILE INSTALLATION; INNOVATIVE METHODS OFARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION","authors":"Alireza Mashhadimirza","doi":"10.54729/2789-8547.1086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/2789-8547.1086","url":null,"abstract":"This qualitative paper investigates a new method of architectural education in architecture studio monitoring in the field of brick tilling. It covered a background to the related fields based on art and design methods, which have been used in Iran dating back thousands of years until present. As a research methodology, a deep observation on conventional method of carpet-weaving workshops, shaped the first steps of this article. In this method, the overall plan that includes a floral carpet to ranges of square pixels and color finds their own characteristics as paint, rows and columns. In these studios, someone took the coded map and sang respectively, row after row to be applied by others. This paper aimed to apply similar mix methods of coding by using songs for tiling the bricks. Iranian architecture students covered the scope of study in three different phases. The method of “Ava Chideman” is derived from the weaving technique and the combination of sounds and installation of tile works, which its results have been analyzed in this paper. Researcher believed this paper would help current and future designers and researchers. Additionally, this methodology aims to minimize the expert's role to produce safe and vernacular built forms and economical housing, while trying not to compromise on quality and freedom of local needs.","PeriodicalId":113089,"journal":{"name":"Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ)","volume":"469 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116082377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study introduces a framework to build a new concept of architectural education based on the idea of Mixed Reality (MR) as a technique of merging real and virtual learning environment, studying its impact on the education curricular contents and the course outline especially in design studio courses to provide new possibilities for innovation design. the study aims to achieve strategies to design a model for architectural design education with the focus on the concept of design studio’s evolution through the analysis of its basic components, between Mind (Think of the human factor), Reality (spatial factor for the design process), Media (tools used in Design) and the work organization in the studio between students and instructor/s and the Design Processes from the pre-design stage to design development stage.
{"title":"MIXED REALITY FRAMEWORK FOR ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN EDUCATION","authors":"Eslam M. Elsamahy","doi":"10.54729/2789-8547.1079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/2789-8547.1079","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces a framework to build a new concept of architectural education based on the idea of Mixed Reality (MR) as a technique of merging real and virtual learning environment, studying its impact on the education curricular contents and the course outline especially in design studio courses to provide new possibilities for innovation design. the study aims to achieve strategies to design a model for architectural design education with the focus on the concept of design studio’s evolution through the analysis of its basic components, between Mind (Think of the human factor), Reality (spatial factor for the design process), Media (tools used in Design) and the work organization in the studio between students and instructor/s and the Design Processes from the pre-design stage to design development stage.","PeriodicalId":113089,"journal":{"name":"Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126436599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In a world advancing at a vertiginous speed, technology is directly affecting almost every single aspect of contemporary human life. It is therefore crucial nowadays for both the professional and the educational sectors to constantly update themselves with the latest trends in their fields. Once students graduate, they should first be familiar with the needs of the highly competitive market, and at the same time to be prepared for challenges facing the practice in order to improve it and stand at a higher level from competitors. For such reason, students need to be aware that high tech tools are vital in defining the way professionals work and advance. In this sense, the educational field shall play a leading role to conscious students about such line of work that is contaminating all professional areas, including architecture. This paper therefore will focus on the ideas of how to deal with the latest trends in digital tools and robotics at the academic level in order to awake and motivate architectural students to rationally use them as a helping set of tools that will have a direct impact on the way they work. Exploration at the level of freedom that such means can offer to enhance students at the creativity level will be directly analyzed throughout a workshop conducted, based on digital tools and robotics in architecture, and linked to the intentions related to architectural design challenges by involving students in site visits to projects where cutting edge work is being applied such as the Sagrada Família, one of Antoni Gaudí’s masterpieces. Conclusions will be based on the principles helping students dealing with advanced tools to transform their intentions from digital to analogue means as part of a controlled system intended to innovate design and construction principles.
{"title":"DIGITAL TOOLS AND ROBOTICS IN ARCHITECTURE: ENVISIONING THE FUTURE INEDUCATION AND PRACTICE","authors":"Marwan Iskandar Halabi","doi":"10.54729/2789-8547.1090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/2789-8547.1090","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In a world advancing at a vertiginous speed, technology is directly affecting almost every single aspect of contemporary human life. It is therefore crucial nowadays for both the professional and the educational sectors to constantly update themselves with the latest trends in their fields. Once students graduate, they should first be familiar with the needs of the highly competitive market, and at the same time to be prepared for challenges facing the practice in order to improve it and stand at a higher level from competitors. For such reason, students need to be aware that high tech tools are vital in defining the way professionals work and advance. In this sense, the educational field shall play a leading role to conscious students about such line of work that is contaminating all professional areas, including architecture. This paper therefore will focus on the ideas of how to deal with the latest trends in digital tools and robotics at the academic level in order to awake and motivate architectural students to rationally use them as a helping set of tools that will have a direct impact on the way they work. Exploration at the level of freedom that such means can offer to enhance students at the creativity level will be directly analyzed throughout a workshop conducted, based on digital tools and robotics in architecture, and linked to the intentions related to architectural design challenges by involving students in site visits to projects where cutting edge work is being applied such as the Sagrada Família, one of Antoni Gaudí’s masterpieces. Conclusions will be based on the principles helping students dealing with advanced tools to transform their intentions from digital to analogue means as part of a controlled system intended to innovate design and construction principles.","PeriodicalId":113089,"journal":{"name":"Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125911359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Students collaborate with professionals on an interdisciplinary competition where the winning student-led design would be fund and build as a new healthcare clinic in Jacmel, Haiti. Summer of 2013 witnessed the launch of REvive Jacmel, an interdisciplinary student-led project to create a new healthcare clinic in Haiti. Students and professionals held a competition and one team won the 1st prize. Through a unique opportunity, a professional firm adopted the students into a practicum and developed the project. After months of extensive work and several grants to send students for site visits in Haiti, the project developed into collaboration from a simple design by students, to a fundraising where professional teams of landscape designers, civil engineers joined hands. In 2015, through further collaboration with students who are now professionals, the clinic broke ground and is under construction. The paper will explain applications, theories and testings of this model that is being studied to create more achievable change departing from students' projects.
{"title":"CURRICULUM TOOLKIT FOR A NEW GENERATION OF PUBLIC INTEREST DESIGNERS: HAITIJACMEL CLINIC CASE STUDY","authors":"Grace Aaraj, Annie Ledbury","doi":"10.54729/2789-8547.1096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/2789-8547.1096","url":null,"abstract":"Students collaborate with professionals on an interdisciplinary competition where the winning student-led design would be fund and build as a new healthcare clinic in Jacmel, Haiti. Summer of 2013 witnessed the launch of REvive Jacmel, an interdisciplinary student-led project to create a new healthcare clinic in Haiti. Students and professionals held a competition and one team won the 1st prize. Through a unique opportunity, a professional firm adopted the students into a practicum and developed the project. After months of extensive work and several grants to send students for site visits in Haiti, the project developed into collaboration from a simple design by students, to a fundraising where professional teams of landscape designers, civil engineers joined hands. In 2015, through further collaboration with students who are now professionals, the clinic broke ground and is under construction. The paper will explain applications, theories and testings of this model that is being studied to create more achievable change departing from students' projects.","PeriodicalId":113089,"journal":{"name":"Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134130362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The transition from the industrial society to the information society has brought profound changes, even for what concerns the architecture and the way of operating of the architects. Just think of the emergence of big events and themes of recent years, such as the abandoned areas, or to the new conception of the metropolitan landscape, or even the development of an ecological conscience, not to mention the technical potential linked to electronics also in the construction industry. The book illustrates the path that goes from Walter Gropius to Ben Van Berkel, stressing the moments of crisis and the catalysts of this process and focusing the efforts of architectural research and its protagonists to deal with these constant changes. This paper develops concepts of methodology and theoretical models in architectural culture, allowing to contextualize and to announce the issues around which articulate the "dynamic" model, understood as a support for the creative phase of the project, leded by the contemporary society of information systems. Although many previous events marked the field this time and cannot be forgotten, a study focused on the main theoretical models of design from 1920 is needed to describe the state of the art consists in that field. At the time of their creation, these methods and models of world architecture have provoked many reactions, positive and / or negative, but mostly exciting.
{"title":"Architecture - Crisis and Modernity. From Walter Gropius to Ben Van Berkel","authors":"Chadi El Khoury","doi":"10.54729/2789-8547.1102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/2789-8547.1102","url":null,"abstract":"The transition from the industrial society to the information society has brought profound changes, even for what concerns the architecture and the way of operating of the architects. Just think of the emergence of big events and themes of recent years, such as the abandoned areas, or to the new conception of the metropolitan landscape, or even the development of an ecological conscience, not to mention the technical potential linked to electronics also in the construction industry. The book illustrates the path that goes from Walter Gropius to Ben Van Berkel, stressing the moments of crisis and the catalysts of this process and focusing the efforts of architectural research and its protagonists to deal with these constant changes. This paper develops concepts of methodology and theoretical models in architectural culture, allowing to contextualize and to announce the issues around which articulate the \"dynamic\" model, understood as a support for the creative phase of the project, leded by the contemporary society of information systems. Although many previous events marked the field this time and cannot be forgotten, a study focused on the main theoretical models of design from 1920 is needed to describe the state of the art consists in that field. At the time of their creation, these methods and models of world architecture have provoked many reactions, positive and / or negative, but mostly exciting.","PeriodicalId":113089,"journal":{"name":"Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121893140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract High-rise buildings are growing rapidly in number around the world. They are becoming important landmarks that mark out certain geographical areas. The fires of high-rise building have many characters not found in traditional low-rise buildings, like the variety of blazing factors, ways of fire spreading, and difficulty of evacuation. Hence, the protection features of conventional fire methods are not sufficient in designing towers. The paper, at first, summarizes the characteristics of high-rise buildings and fires, the unique features of Tall Buildings and the special life safety requirements for the high-rise buildings. Consequently, the topic of fire and life safety codes implementation during the design and construction phases should be brought to the forefront into the building design process, in order to improve the skills of architectural engineers concerning the integration of safety and fire protection methods. Then, case studies have been selected from PETRONAS tower Malaysia, MARINA tower Beirut, and BURJ KHALIFA ,UAE; which are designed by various legislations. This shows that there is a direct link between design outcomes and the legislation of buildings.
{"title":"THE LACK OF FIRE SAFETY KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLEMENTATION THE CASE OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS","authors":"Mohamad Abou chakra","doi":"10.54729/2789-8547.1040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/2789-8547.1040","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract High-rise buildings are growing rapidly in number around the world. They are becoming important landmarks that mark out certain geographical areas. The fires of high-rise building have many characters not found in traditional low-rise buildings, like the variety of blazing factors, ways of fire spreading, and difficulty of evacuation. Hence, the protection features of conventional fire methods are not sufficient in designing towers. The paper, at first, summarizes the characteristics of high-rise buildings and fires, the unique features of Tall Buildings and the special life safety requirements for the high-rise buildings. Consequently, the topic of fire and life safety codes implementation during the design and construction phases should be brought to the forefront into the building design process, in order to improve the skills of architectural engineers concerning the integration of safety and fire protection methods. Then, case studies have been selected from PETRONAS tower Malaysia, MARINA tower Beirut, and BURJ KHALIFA ,UAE; which are designed by various legislations. This shows that there is a direct link between design outcomes and the legislation of buildings.","PeriodicalId":113089,"journal":{"name":"Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122822456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Designing a developed urban city requires sufficient methods to plan its principal parts that include walkways. These walkways are pedestrian connections that contain sidewalks, paths, and highway shoulders. Planning and executing a complete sidewalk require a fulfillment existence of all its parts from the pedestrian walkway, the street furniture, and the frontage zone. The objective of this paper is to increase the surface shadows for the pedestrian walking areas, to attract more people which, increase the economic value of the commercial street. Tripoli city and in particular “Achir El-Dayeh” street is the main case study, as the pedestrian walkway in this region contains several different problems: behavioral, poor design, and other problems related to the municipality. The research focuses on the poor design of this street that lacking in the essential street elements, the inappropriate distribution of trees in the pedestrian walkway. The methodology used in this research initiates with a detailed analysis of the current pedestrian walkway situation to evaluate the tree distribution level in the selected street, and how far it is distributed properly. To renovating the street trees distribution, the software “Rhino Grasshopper” is applied to assess the proposed scenarios to find out the optimum design solution, it is found that using specific types of trees could provide the best shading for the pedestrian walkway.
{"title":"OPTIMUM TREE DISTRIBUTION FOR PEDESTRIAN WALKWAY OF COMMERCIAL STREET IN TRIPOLI CITY","authors":"Y. Amkieh","doi":"10.54729/2789-8547.1064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/2789-8547.1064","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Designing a developed urban city requires sufficient methods to plan its principal parts that include walkways. These walkways are pedestrian connections that contain sidewalks, paths, and highway shoulders. Planning and executing a complete sidewalk require a fulfillment existence of all its parts from the pedestrian walkway, the street furniture, and the frontage zone. The objective of this paper is to increase the surface shadows for the pedestrian walking areas, to attract more people which, increase the economic value of the commercial street. Tripoli city and in particular “Achir El-Dayeh” street is the main case study, as the pedestrian walkway in this region contains several different problems: behavioral, poor design, and other problems related to the municipality. The research focuses on the poor design of this street that lacking in the essential street elements, the inappropriate distribution of trees in the pedestrian walkway. The methodology used in this research initiates with a detailed analysis of the current pedestrian walkway situation to evaluate the tree distribution level in the selected street, and how far it is distributed properly. To renovating the street trees distribution, the software “Rhino Grasshopper” is applied to assess the proposed scenarios to find out the optimum design solution, it is found that using specific types of trees could provide the best shading for the pedestrian walkway.","PeriodicalId":113089,"journal":{"name":"Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121346569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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