Biomarker-assisted drug discovery is a major step in identification of drug efficacy and disease proliferation of both communicable and noncommunicable diseases. Biomarker-assisted drug discovery using metabolomics approach is now a reliable “path of opportunity” in drug discovery, as it offers precise insight into the efficacy of tested drug in the biological setup. With the advent of recent advances in instrumentation, accuracy and specificity of biomarker-based drug discovery program is improved. A key challenge in biomarker discovery is the choice of detection method, as diverse metabolites present in the physiological system pose varying levels of detection response with different instrumentation platforms. In biomarker-assisted early diagnosis, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics has a major advantage due to its capability of wide metabolite range coverage with great specificity. This review also discusses the advantage of biomarker-assisted discovery using metabolome analysis.
{"title":"Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in biomarker-assisted drug discovery and oxidative stress research","authors":"V. Sivaram, AKiran Kumar, S. Devi","doi":"10.4103/ddt.DDT_2_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ddt.DDT_2_16","url":null,"abstract":"Biomarker-assisted drug discovery is a major step in identification of drug efficacy and disease proliferation of both communicable and noncommunicable diseases. Biomarker-assisted drug discovery using metabolomics approach is now a reliable “path of opportunity” in drug discovery, as it offers precise insight into the efficacy of tested drug in the biological setup. With the advent of recent advances in instrumentation, accuracy and specificity of biomarker-based drug discovery program is improved. A key challenge in biomarker discovery is the choice of detection method, as diverse metabolites present in the physiological system pose varying levels of detection response with different instrumentation platforms. In biomarker-assisted early diagnosis, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics has a major advantage due to its capability of wide metabolite range coverage with great specificity. This review also discusses the advantage of biomarker-assisted discovery using metabolome analysis.","PeriodicalId":11347,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Therapeutics","volume":"20 1","pages":"1 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75136344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Vigneshwaran, Monica Madineni, K. Saké, K. Alakhali, S. A. Sirajudeen, Noohu Abdullah Khan
Introduction: Developing countries contribute to major number of patients living with epilepsy, around five million people are living with epilepsy in India alone. Most of the epileptic children may require multiple antiepileptic therapy due to the failure of monotherapy. Basic research evidence suggest that sodium valproate and carbamazepine (CBZ) may have synergistic anticonvulsant effects when they are used together. In addition to that, chronic disorders make the patients economically weak and produce more burden. Aim and Objective: Therefore, this study was designed to compare the efficacy of valproate monotherapy with valproate and CBZ dual therapy. Methodology: It is a prospective, comparative study conducted at a secondary care referral hospital and private clinic. A nonprobabilistic convenient sampling was done to recruit the study subjects. A total of fifty subjects were recruited into the present study, and they were divided into two groups, i.e., monotherapy group (CBZ) and dual therapy group (CBZ and valproate). After providing appropriate counseling, subjects were interviewed to estimate the quality of life (QOL) using child version of TNO-AZL Children's Quality of Life questionnaire. Hospital patient records, prescription data from the pharmacy were also used to obtain the direct and indirect cost of treatment. Results: Our study results showed that monotherapy has a potential to produce a higher level of QOL than dual therapy. It also involved with decreased seizure frequency. Although there was no statistically significant difference in terms of cost for both the treatment groups, still dual therapy is associated with higher cost burden. The average costs per QOL and changes in the frequency of seizure are also identified to produce higher economic burden to the patients.Conclusion: Thus, the present study has concluded that monotherapy may be considered as better cost-effective treatment in partial seizures than dual therapy, unless if there is no treatment failure with monotherapy.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of cost and efficacy for mono and dual therapy of antiepileptics among children","authors":"E. Vigneshwaran, Monica Madineni, K. Saké, K. Alakhali, S. A. Sirajudeen, Noohu Abdullah Khan","doi":"10.4103/ddt.DDT_16_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ddt.DDT_16_16","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Developing countries contribute to major number of patients living with epilepsy, around five million people are living with epilepsy in India alone. Most of the epileptic children may require multiple antiepileptic therapy due to the failure of monotherapy. Basic research evidence suggest that sodium valproate and carbamazepine (CBZ) may have synergistic anticonvulsant effects when they are used together. In addition to that, chronic disorders make the patients economically weak and produce more burden. Aim and Objective: Therefore, this study was designed to compare the efficacy of valproate monotherapy with valproate and CBZ dual therapy. Methodology: It is a prospective, comparative study conducted at a secondary care referral hospital and private clinic. A nonprobabilistic convenient sampling was done to recruit the study subjects. A total of fifty subjects were recruited into the present study, and they were divided into two groups, i.e., monotherapy group (CBZ) and dual therapy group (CBZ and valproate). After providing appropriate counseling, subjects were interviewed to estimate the quality of life (QOL) using child version of TNO-AZL Children's Quality of Life questionnaire. Hospital patient records, prescription data from the pharmacy were also used to obtain the direct and indirect cost of treatment. Results: Our study results showed that monotherapy has a potential to produce a higher level of QOL than dual therapy. It also involved with decreased seizure frequency. Although there was no statistically significant difference in terms of cost for both the treatment groups, still dual therapy is associated with higher cost burden. The average costs per QOL and changes in the frequency of seizure are also identified to produce higher economic burden to the patients.Conclusion: Thus, the present study has concluded that monotherapy may be considered as better cost-effective treatment in partial seizures than dual therapy, unless if there is no treatment failure with monotherapy.","PeriodicalId":11347,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Therapeutics","volume":"60 1","pages":"25 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87124083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vijay Kotra, Nageswara Rao Ramisetti, R. Surapaneni, Dr. Sathish Kumar Konidala
Introduction: A simple and rapid bioanalytical liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method based on solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) has been developed and validated for quantification of Ethinyl Estradiol in human plasma. Methods: API 5500 LC-MS/MS system with turbo ion-spray interface equipped with pumps (Shimadzu LC-20ADVP), an auto Sampler (Shimadzu SIL-HTC), analytical column SB C18 HT (50 x 3.0 mm, 1.8 μ) and data acquisition system and quantitation program (Applied Biosystems Analyst Software version 1.5, Thermo scientific) was used. The Positive ions were measured in MRM mode for the analyte and Ethinyl Estradiol-d4 used as an internal standard. A composition of 2 mM ammonium formate buffer: acetonitrile (20: 80 v/v) was used as mobile phase. The total run time was 4.0 min. The proposed method has been validated with in the linear range of 5.000–308.560 pg/ml for Ethinyl Estradiol. Results: The retention times of Ethinyl Estradiol and Ethinyl estradiol-d4 were 3.42 min ± 0.30 min and 3.45 min ± 0.30 min respectively. The intraday and interday precision values were within 1.58% to 10.86% and 4.62% to 19.74% respectively for Ethinyl estradiol. The overall recovery for Ethinyl estradiol was found to be 86.91%-103.15%. Conclusion: The method was validated as per ICH guidelines and it would be useful for bioequivalence and pharmacokinetic studies of Ethinyl Estradiol in human plasma.
{"title":"Development and validation of a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric method for determination of ethinyl estradiol in human plasma","authors":"Vijay Kotra, Nageswara Rao Ramisetti, R. Surapaneni, Dr. Sathish Kumar Konidala","doi":"10.4103/ddt.DDT_5_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ddt.DDT_5_16","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: A simple and rapid bioanalytical liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method based on solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) has been developed and validated for quantification of Ethinyl Estradiol in human plasma. Methods: API 5500 LC-MS/MS system with turbo ion-spray interface equipped with pumps (Shimadzu LC-20ADVP), an auto Sampler (Shimadzu SIL-HTC), analytical column SB C18 HT (50 x 3.0 mm, 1.8 μ) and data acquisition system and quantitation program (Applied Biosystems Analyst Software version 1.5, Thermo scientific) was used. The Positive ions were measured in MRM mode for the analyte and Ethinyl Estradiol-d4 used as an internal standard. A composition of 2 mM ammonium formate buffer: acetonitrile (20: 80 v/v) was used as mobile phase. The total run time was 4.0 min. The proposed method has been validated with in the linear range of 5.000–308.560 pg/ml for Ethinyl Estradiol. Results: The retention times of Ethinyl Estradiol and Ethinyl estradiol-d4 were 3.42 min ± 0.30 min and 3.45 min ± 0.30 min respectively. The intraday and interday precision values were within 1.58% to 10.86% and 4.62% to 19.74% respectively for Ethinyl estradiol. The overall recovery for Ethinyl estradiol was found to be 86.91%-103.15%. Conclusion: The method was validated as per ICH guidelines and it would be useful for bioequivalence and pharmacokinetic studies of Ethinyl Estradiol in human plasma.","PeriodicalId":11347,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Therapeutics","volume":"5 1","pages":"17 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77672908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Sarwa, P. Vishwakarma, V. Suryawanshi, Tilotma Sahu, L. Kumar, Jaya Shree
Aim and Object: Sankat Mochan is an ayurvedic formulation used in the urban and rural area of India. This polyherbal formulation is used for general stomach problems including abdominal cramping and diarrhea. The present investigation evaluated the anthelmintic activity of an aqueous solution of an ayurvedic medicine Sankat Mochan. Materials and Method: Various concentrations (1%, 5%, and 10%) of medicine were used for anthelmintic activity on Pheretima posthuma. Piperazine citrate (10 mg/ml) was used as a reference standard and distilled water as a control. Result and Conclusion: The result showed that the Sankat Mochan possess anthelmintic activity more potent than that of piperazine citrate. Thus, Sankat Mochan may be used as a potent anthelmintic agent against helminthiasis.
{"title":"An ayurvedic formulation Sankat Mochan: A potent anthelmintic medicine","authors":"K. Sarwa, P. Vishwakarma, V. Suryawanshi, Tilotma Sahu, L. Kumar, Jaya Shree","doi":"10.4103/ddt.DDT_84_15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ddt.DDT_84_15","url":null,"abstract":"Aim and Object: Sankat Mochan is an ayurvedic formulation used in the urban and rural area of India. This polyherbal formulation is used for general stomach problems including abdominal cramping and diarrhea. The present investigation evaluated the anthelmintic activity of an aqueous solution of an ayurvedic medicine Sankat Mochan. Materials and Method: Various concentrations (1%, 5%, and 10%) of medicine were used for anthelmintic activity on Pheretima posthuma. Piperazine citrate (10 mg/ml) was used as a reference standard and distilled water as a control. Result and Conclusion: The result showed that the Sankat Mochan possess anthelmintic activity more potent than that of piperazine citrate. Thus, Sankat Mochan may be used as a potent anthelmintic agent against helminthiasis.","PeriodicalId":11347,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":"13 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88831439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Satyendra Kumar, Arun Gupta, Meenakshi Revadekar, S. More, A. Kulkarni, S. Borkar
Objective: Hepano Tablet is an Ayurvedic herbal formulation studied in pre-clinical models for safety and hepatoprotective efficacy. The current study was a randomized, active controlled, multicentre, prospective clinical study that aimed to evaluate hepatoprotective efficacy and safety of Hepano Tablets. Materials and Methods: Male and female liver diseases patients (18-65 years) with abnormal liver function tests were randomized to receive two tablets twice daily orally of either Hepano or a marketed comparator for 8 weeks with follow up at day 7, 14, 28 & 56 during treatment period and thereafter at day 84. Results were assessed from baseline to end of treatment basis changes in liver function tests and improvement in clinical symptoms of icterus in both the groups. Safety was assessed at all the visits basis changes in laboratory parameters and adverse event reporting for all cases who took at least one dose of the study drug. Results: Hepano Tablet and marketed comparator showed significant improvement in Liver functions - Serum Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT) and Total, Direct and Indirect Bilirubin Levels and a significant reduction in clinical symptoms of icterus that was comparable at all the visits. Conclusion: Hepano Tablets can significantly improve Liver Function Tests and clinical symptoms in liver disease patients and could be consumed safely.
{"title":"Efficacy and safety of hepano tablet in liver disorder patients with abnormal liver function test: A randomized active controlled prospective clinical study","authors":"Satyendra Kumar, Arun Gupta, Meenakshi Revadekar, S. More, A. Kulkarni, S. Borkar","doi":"10.4103/ddt.DDT_12_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ddt.DDT_12_16","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Hepano Tablet is an Ayurvedic herbal formulation studied in pre-clinical models for safety and hepatoprotective efficacy. The current study was a randomized, active controlled, multicentre, prospective clinical study that aimed to evaluate hepatoprotective efficacy and safety of Hepano Tablets. Materials and Methods: Male and female liver diseases patients (18-65 years) with abnormal liver function tests were randomized to receive two tablets twice daily orally of either Hepano or a marketed comparator for 8 weeks with follow up at day 7, 14, 28 & 56 during treatment period and thereafter at day 84. Results were assessed from baseline to end of treatment basis changes in liver function tests and improvement in clinical symptoms of icterus in both the groups. Safety was assessed at all the visits basis changes in laboratory parameters and adverse event reporting for all cases who took at least one dose of the study drug. Results: Hepano Tablet and marketed comparator showed significant improvement in Liver functions - Serum Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT) and Total, Direct and Indirect Bilirubin Levels and a significant reduction in clinical symptoms of icterus that was comparable at all the visits. Conclusion: Hepano Tablets can significantly improve Liver Function Tests and clinical symptoms in liver disease patients and could be consumed safely.","PeriodicalId":11347,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Therapeutics","volume":"34 1","pages":"6 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84007236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-01DOI: 10.4103/2394-6555.191172
Irum Gul, Athar Ali, K. J. Mirza, M. Abdin
Background: With the increase in demand of herbal medicines, adulteration in these drugs is also gaining momentum and remains an indispensable problem in domestic and export markets. Correct identification is the first step toward assuring quality, safety, and efficacy of indigenous herbal medicines. Materials and Methods: In this study, sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers were developed to discriminate Ruta graveolens from its adulterant Euphorbia dracunculoides. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was performed and subsequently converted into SCAR markers. Results: After performing RAPD, SCAR primers were designed from the selected unique RAPD amplicons of the genuine drug as well as its adulterant. These primers produced 670 bp and 750 bp SCAR markers with genomic DNA sample of R. graveolens and E. dracunculoides, respectively. Conclusion: Development of these markers will help in the quality control of herbal drugs and monitoring widespread adulteration of these drugs by pharmaceutical industries and government agencies.
{"title":"Development and detection efficiency of sequence characterized amplified region markers for authentication of medicinal plant Ruta graveolens and its adulterant Euphorbia dracunculoides","authors":"Irum Gul, Athar Ali, K. J. Mirza, M. Abdin","doi":"10.4103/2394-6555.191172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2394-6555.191172","url":null,"abstract":"Background: With the increase in demand of herbal medicines, adulteration in these drugs is also gaining momentum and remains an indispensable problem in domestic and export markets. Correct identification is the first step toward assuring quality, safety, and efficacy of indigenous herbal medicines. Materials and Methods: In this study, sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers were developed to discriminate Ruta graveolens from its adulterant Euphorbia dracunculoides. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was performed and subsequently converted into SCAR markers. Results: After performing RAPD, SCAR primers were designed from the selected unique RAPD amplicons of the genuine drug as well as its adulterant. These primers produced 670 bp and 750 bp SCAR markers with genomic DNA sample of R. graveolens and E. dracunculoides, respectively. Conclusion: Development of these markers will help in the quality control of herbal drugs and monitoring widespread adulteration of these drugs by pharmaceutical industries and government agencies.","PeriodicalId":11347,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Therapeutics","volume":"79 1","pages":"117 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83770917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-01DOI: 10.4103/2394-6555.191148
H. Parihar, Harivansh Thakar, H. Yin, Shari N. Allen
Depression is one of the most common mental illnesses characterized by loss of pleasure, whereas diabetes is a metabolic disorder which leads to high serum glucose levels. Current literature supports the development of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic illnesses including diabetes. However, depression as a potential risk factor for diabetes has attracted a lot of attention for clinicians and researchers. It has been hypothesized that both diabetes and depression may be bidirectional in nature, and each may exacerbate the symptoms or play an important role in the development of the other. The most common association between them is the diagnosis of depression in Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes. As the matter of fact, diabetes has been reported to double the risk of depression. In this review article, we have summarized various scientific studies to evaluate the potential of depression as a risk factor for diabetes. MEDLINE search identified various articles assessing this hypothesis. Our review of literature indicate some support for depression as a risk factor for Type 2 diabetes however more clinical studies need to be performed to clarify the contribution of depression as an independent risk factor for diabetes and to check the diabetes epidemic from escalating at a higher rate.
{"title":"Is depression an independent risk factor for the onset of Type 2 diabetes mellitus?","authors":"H. Parihar, Harivansh Thakar, H. Yin, Shari N. Allen","doi":"10.4103/2394-6555.191148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2394-6555.191148","url":null,"abstract":"Depression is one of the most common mental illnesses characterized by loss of pleasure, whereas diabetes is a metabolic disorder which leads to high serum glucose levels. Current literature supports the development of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic illnesses including diabetes. However, depression as a potential risk factor for diabetes has attracted a lot of attention for clinicians and researchers. It has been hypothesized that both diabetes and depression may be bidirectional in nature, and each may exacerbate the symptoms or play an important role in the development of the other. The most common association between them is the diagnosis of depression in Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes. As the matter of fact, diabetes has been reported to double the risk of depression. In this review article, we have summarized various scientific studies to evaluate the potential of depression as a risk factor for diabetes. MEDLINE search identified various articles assessing this hypothesis. Our review of literature indicate some support for depression as a risk factor for Type 2 diabetes however more clinical studies need to be performed to clarify the contribution of depression as an independent risk factor for diabetes and to check the diabetes epidemic from escalating at a higher rate.","PeriodicalId":11347,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Therapeutics","volume":"18 1","pages":"75 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87875911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-01DOI: 10.4103/2394-6555.191150
Rishika Chauhan, I. Ahmad, Y. Khan, E. Tamboli, Sayeed Ahmad
Aim: The present investigation was aimed to characterize the fixed oil of Arachis hypogaea L. using five different extraction methods: Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), ultrasound assistance extraction, soxhlet extraction, solvent extraction, and three phase partitioning method. Materials and Methods: The SFE conditions (temperature, pressure, and volume of CO 2) were optimized prior for better yield. The extracted oils were analyzed and compared for their physiochemical parameters, high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) fingerprinting. Anti-oxidant activity was also determined using DPPH and superoxide scavenging method. Results: The main fatty acids were oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids as obtained by GC-MS. HPTLC analysis revealed the presence of similar major components in chromatograms. Similarly, the pattern of peaks as obtained in FT-IR and GC-MS spectra of same oils by different extraction methods was superimposable. Conclusion: Analysis reported that the fixed oil of A. hypogaea L. is a good source of unsaturated fatty acid, mainly n-6 and n-9 fatty acid with a significant antioxidant activity of oil obtained from SFE extraction method.
{"title":"Characterization of Arachis hypogaea L. oil obtained from different extraction techniques and in vitro antioxidant potential of supercritical fluid extraction extract","authors":"Rishika Chauhan, I. Ahmad, Y. Khan, E. Tamboli, Sayeed Ahmad","doi":"10.4103/2394-6555.191150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2394-6555.191150","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The present investigation was aimed to characterize the fixed oil of Arachis hypogaea L. using five different extraction methods: Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), ultrasound assistance extraction, soxhlet extraction, solvent extraction, and three phase partitioning method. Materials and Methods: The SFE conditions (temperature, pressure, and volume of CO 2) were optimized prior for better yield. The extracted oils were analyzed and compared for their physiochemical parameters, high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) fingerprinting. Anti-oxidant activity was also determined using DPPH and superoxide scavenging method. Results: The main fatty acids were oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids as obtained by GC-MS. HPTLC analysis revealed the presence of similar major components in chromatograms. Similarly, the pattern of peaks as obtained in FT-IR and GC-MS spectra of same oils by different extraction methods was superimposable. Conclusion: Analysis reported that the fixed oil of A. hypogaea L. is a good source of unsaturated fatty acid, mainly n-6 and n-9 fatty acid with a significant antioxidant activity of oil obtained from SFE extraction method.","PeriodicalId":11347,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Therapeutics","volume":"19 1","pages":"87 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84726098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-01DOI: 10.4103/2394-6555.191164
K. Chester, E. Tamboli, S. Paliwal, Sayeed Ahmad
Quality evaluation of herbal preparation is an elementary requirement of industry and other association dealing with Ayurvedic and herbal products. The growing use of botanical products now a days is forcing to assess these agents and to develop standards of quality and produce. An attempt has been made through this article to highlight the use of molecular markers for botanicals with special reference to Indian herbal medicine. As the desire for herbal-based products becomes ingrained in our society but standardization of botanicals offers many obstacles like the controversial identity of various plants, deliberated adulteration of plant material, ensuring quality is much more than discovery, specification, and process control. It also includes awareness of every aspect of a manufacturing process from research to shipping. Extensive research on DNA-based molecular markers is in progress for its great utility in the herbal drug analysis and widely used for the authentification of plant species of medicinal importance. DNA markers are reliable for information as the genetic composition is unique for each species and is not affected by age, physiological conditions, as well as environmental factors. DNA markers offer several advantages over conventional phenotypic markers, as they provide data that can be analyzed objectively.
{"title":"Significance of molecular markers in pharmacognosy: A modern tool for authentication of herbal drugs","authors":"K. Chester, E. Tamboli, S. Paliwal, Sayeed Ahmad","doi":"10.4103/2394-6555.191164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2394-6555.191164","url":null,"abstract":"Quality evaluation of herbal preparation is an elementary requirement of industry and other association dealing with Ayurvedic and herbal products. The growing use of botanical products now a days is forcing to assess these agents and to develop standards of quality and produce. An attempt has been made through this article to highlight the use of molecular markers for botanicals with special reference to Indian herbal medicine. As the desire for herbal-based products becomes ingrained in our society but standardization of botanicals offers many obstacles like the controversial identity of various plants, deliberated adulteration of plant material, ensuring quality is much more than discovery, specification, and process control. It also includes awareness of every aspect of a manufacturing process from research to shipping. Extensive research on DNA-based molecular markers is in progress for its great utility in the herbal drug analysis and widely used for the authentification of plant species of medicinal importance. DNA markers are reliable for information as the genetic composition is unique for each species and is not affected by age, physiological conditions, as well as environmental factors. DNA markers offer several advantages over conventional phenotypic markers, as they provide data that can be analyzed objectively.","PeriodicalId":11347,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Therapeutics","volume":"18 1","pages":"96 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90907937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-01DOI: 10.4103/2394-6555.191166
MJ Ansari, R. Parveen
Aim: Water insolubility, low potency, and instability are inherent problems of several herbal medicines. Identity, strength, quality, and purity of herbal products are further compromised during manufacturing and storage. The aim of present work was to evaluate solubility and stability of curcumin, a pigment obtained from dried rhizomes of plant Cucrcuma longa. Materials and Methods: The stoichiometric ratios for inclusion complexation of curcumin with various cyclodextrins (CDs) were determined by phase solubility analysis. Grinding, kneading, and freeze-drying were employed to determine optimum complexation. Complexes were evaluated for drug inclusion, solubility, and stability. Results: Stability constants were 11200 M−1 , 1557 M−1 , 2858 M−1 , and 2206 M−1 for α-, β-, γ-CD, and dimethyl β-CD (DIMEB), respectively, thus indicating good complex formation. Theoretical amounts of curcumin in binary products were between 80% and 97% with a maximum of 96.8% in curcumin-β-CD freeze-dried product. The complexation resulted in a marked improvement in the solubility of curcumin up to 60, 55, 56, and 1500 folds by α-, β-, γ-CD, and DIMEB, respectively. Inclusion complexation protected the drug from hydrolytic degradations as only 20-40% degradation was observed at the end of 8 h as opposed to >70% for pure curcumin. Conclusion: A significant improvement in the solubility and stability was observed with curcumin-CD complex as compared to pure curcumin.
目的:中药不溶于水、效力低、不稳定是中药的固有问题。草药产品的特性、强度、质量和纯度在生产和储存过程中进一步受到损害。本文研究了姜黄素的溶解度和稳定性。姜黄素是一种从蓖麻干根茎中提取的色素。材料与方法:采用相溶解度法测定了姜黄素与不同环糊精包合的化学计量比。研磨、揉捏和冷冻干燥是确定最佳配位的方法。评估配合物的药物包裹性、溶解度和稳定性。结果:α-、β-、γ-CD和二甲基β- cd (DIMEB)的稳定常数分别为11200 M−1、1557 M−1、2858 M−1和2206 M−1，表明配合物形成良好。姜黄素-β-CD冻干产品中姜黄素理论含量在80% ~ 97%之间，最高可达96.8%。通过α-、β-、γ-CD和DIMEB络合，姜黄素的溶解度分别提高了60倍、55倍、56倍和1500倍。包合物保护药物免于水解降解，因为在8小时结束时仅观察到20-40%的降解，而纯姜黄素的降解率>70%。结论:与纯姜黄素相比，姜黄素- cd复合物在溶解度和稳定性方面有显著改善。
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