Pub Date : 2008-12-05DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5152080
J. Sobin, T. Tucker
New advantages in science and technology, such as time depth recorders, have allowed researchers to study the dive behavior of sea turtles in their natural habitat. Previous studies of dive behavior of internesting turtles have provided significant evidence on how to protect nesting turtles from human interactions. We examined the dive behavior of internesting loggerhead and green turtles and the risk of boat impacts at Casey Key, Florida during the 2007 nesting season. The Florida Sea Turtle Stranding Network makes it clear that new management plans need to be implemented because of the increasing trend of boat impacts. Relative boat draft, water temperature, and daily activity of nesting female loggerhead and green turtles were documented with the use of time depth recorders (TDRs). The objective of the TDR study was to assess the correlation between surface intervals and daily activities and evaluate whether there are periods of increased surface activity that might infer greater risks of boat strikes. The results show that female loggerhead turtles are most active during morning hours which overlays with boat launches and departures at local boat ramps. Protective measures, such as spatial and temporal boat restrictions, are reviewed in this report.
{"title":"Diving behavior of female loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) during their internesting interval and an evaluation of the risk of boat strikes","authors":"J. Sobin, T. Tucker","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5152080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5152080","url":null,"abstract":"New advantages in science and technology, such as time depth recorders, have allowed researchers to study the dive behavior of sea turtles in their natural habitat. Previous studies of dive behavior of internesting turtles have provided significant evidence on how to protect nesting turtles from human interactions. We examined the dive behavior of internesting loggerhead and green turtles and the risk of boat impacts at Casey Key, Florida during the 2007 nesting season. The Florida Sea Turtle Stranding Network makes it clear that new management plans need to be implemented because of the increasing trend of boat impacts. Relative boat draft, water temperature, and daily activity of nesting female loggerhead and green turtles were documented with the use of time depth recorders (TDRs). The objective of the TDR study was to assess the correlation between surface intervals and daily activities and evaluate whether there are periods of increased surface activity that might infer greater risks of boat strikes. The results show that female loggerhead turtles are most active during morning hours which overlays with boat launches and departures at local boat ramps. Protective measures, such as spatial and temporal boat restrictions, are reviewed in this report.","PeriodicalId":113677,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2008","volume":"161 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125945639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5152046
A. Forrest, B. Laval, M. Doble, R. Yeo, E. Magnusson
Underwater technologies have advanced to the point where the development of autonomous underwater vehicles, or AUVs, is driven by the scientific end user rather than the AUV developer. This results from AUV platforms becoming increasingly commercially available and finding application in a wide range of fields including physical, chemical, biological and geological sciences. Scientific payloads carried by these vehicles in ice-covered waters dramatically increase the quality of data being collected while concurrently increasing the range of observation (e.g. the Beaufort Sea, the Weddell Sea). They also present a unique opportunity to access under-ice regions where it is operationally difficult or logistically impossible to operate with surface vehicles. This reduces deployment infrastructure, associated expenses and facilitates the collection of water property measurements beneath ice-cover, a difficult and potentially dangerous endeavour using conventional techniques, especially when ice-cover is thin, frazil, candled or partially open. This latter capability is extremely important for making observations and conducting scientific research in ocean, coastal, and inland waters in the Canadian Arctic. Since initial deployments in 2006, dasiaUBC-Gaviapsila, an AUV operated by the University of British Columbia Environmental Fluid Mechanics (UBC-EFM) group, has been deployed in several under ice experiments. In February 2008, measurements were made under ice cover by UBC-Gavia in Pavilion Lake, BC. These were a follow up to the successful AUV deployments conducted at the same site in 2007 as well as deployments in the Beaufort Sea. In addition to resolving horizontal variability in the previously measured thermal structure, the primary scientific objective was to examine the thermal structure correlation with the physical properties of the overlying ice cover. In May 2008, the same vehicle was deployed through sea-ice off the north coast of Ellesmere Island, NU, in the Canadian High Arctic, with the objective of measuring the draft of deformed ice using multibeam swath bathymetry. Initial measurements of near shore horizontal temperature variability was quantified by a CTD onboard the AUV while concurrent measurements were being made from a thermistor chain moored on the ice surface. This paper will review the initial scientific results of these two experiments examining the thermal structure in the context of scientific questions driving AUV under-ice experimentation. In addition, novel techniques of AUV deployment, navigation and recovery, developed for this project, are described in the context of operational problems forecasted for Polar Regions.
{"title":"AUV measurements of under-ice thermal structure","authors":"A. Forrest, B. Laval, M. Doble, R. Yeo, E. Magnusson","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5152046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5152046","url":null,"abstract":"Underwater technologies have advanced to the point where the development of autonomous underwater vehicles, or AUVs, is driven by the scientific end user rather than the AUV developer. This results from AUV platforms becoming increasingly commercially available and finding application in a wide range of fields including physical, chemical, biological and geological sciences. Scientific payloads carried by these vehicles in ice-covered waters dramatically increase the quality of data being collected while concurrently increasing the range of observation (e.g. the Beaufort Sea, the Weddell Sea). They also present a unique opportunity to access under-ice regions where it is operationally difficult or logistically impossible to operate with surface vehicles. This reduces deployment infrastructure, associated expenses and facilitates the collection of water property measurements beneath ice-cover, a difficult and potentially dangerous endeavour using conventional techniques, especially when ice-cover is thin, frazil, candled or partially open. This latter capability is extremely important for making observations and conducting scientific research in ocean, coastal, and inland waters in the Canadian Arctic. Since initial deployments in 2006, dasiaUBC-Gaviapsila, an AUV operated by the University of British Columbia Environmental Fluid Mechanics (UBC-EFM) group, has been deployed in several under ice experiments. In February 2008, measurements were made under ice cover by UBC-Gavia in Pavilion Lake, BC. These were a follow up to the successful AUV deployments conducted at the same site in 2007 as well as deployments in the Beaufort Sea. In addition to resolving horizontal variability in the previously measured thermal structure, the primary scientific objective was to examine the thermal structure correlation with the physical properties of the overlying ice cover. In May 2008, the same vehicle was deployed through sea-ice off the north coast of Ellesmere Island, NU, in the Canadian High Arctic, with the objective of measuring the draft of deformed ice using multibeam swath bathymetry. Initial measurements of near shore horizontal temperature variability was quantified by a CTD onboard the AUV while concurrent measurements were being made from a thermistor chain moored on the ice surface. This paper will review the initial scientific results of these two experiments examining the thermal structure in the context of scientific questions driving AUV under-ice experimentation. In addition, novel techniques of AUV deployment, navigation and recovery, developed for this project, are described in the context of operational problems forecasted for Polar Regions.","PeriodicalId":113677,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2008","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127628602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5151985
S. Negahdaripour, A. Taatian
Imaging system are routinely deployed for underwater search, inspection and scientific surveys of manmade and natural structures, etc. Optical cameras, while providing high resolution and target details, have range limitation according to water visibility and become ineffective in turbid environments. In comparison, high-frequency (MHz) 2-D imaging sonar video systems, introduced to the commercial market in recent years, image targets at distances of 10's of meters in highly turbid waters. Visibility permitting, the integration of visual cues in 2-D optical and sonar data would enable better performance compared to deploying either imaging system alone. We address the problem of motion estimation- e.g., for vision-based navigation and target-based positioning of a mobile submersible platform- from 2-D optical and sonar images. The application of structure from motion paradigm in this multimodal imaging scenario also enables the 3-D reconstruction of scene features. We rely on the tracking of features in the sonar and optical motion sequences independently, without the need to establish multi-modal association between corresponding optical and sonar features. In addition to improving the motion estimation accuracy, advantages of the proposed method comprise overcoming certain inherent ambiguities of monocular vision, e.g., the scale-factor ambiguity, and although rare, up to three interpretations for certain scene structures and camera motion. Experiment with synthetic and real data are presented in support of our technical contribution.
{"title":"3-D motion and structure estimation for arbitrary scenes from 2-D optical and sonar video","authors":"S. Negahdaripour, A. Taatian","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5151985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5151985","url":null,"abstract":"Imaging system are routinely deployed for underwater search, inspection and scientific surveys of manmade and natural structures, etc. Optical cameras, while providing high resolution and target details, have range limitation according to water visibility and become ineffective in turbid environments. In comparison, high-frequency (MHz) 2-D imaging sonar video systems, introduced to the commercial market in recent years, image targets at distances of 10's of meters in highly turbid waters. Visibility permitting, the integration of visual cues in 2-D optical and sonar data would enable better performance compared to deploying either imaging system alone. We address the problem of motion estimation- e.g., for vision-based navigation and target-based positioning of a mobile submersible platform- from 2-D optical and sonar images. The application of structure from motion paradigm in this multimodal imaging scenario also enables the 3-D reconstruction of scene features. We rely on the tracking of features in the sonar and optical motion sequences independently, without the need to establish multi-modal association between corresponding optical and sonar features. In addition to improving the motion estimation accuracy, advantages of the proposed method comprise overcoming certain inherent ambiguities of monocular vision, e.g., the scale-factor ambiguity, and although rare, up to three interpretations for certain scene structures and camera motion. Experiment with synthetic and real data are presented in support of our technical contribution.","PeriodicalId":113677,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2008","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126338308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5151882
R. Hirotsu, T. Ura, J. Kojima, H. Sugimatsu, R. Bahl, M. Yanagisawa
In order to observe the underwater behavior of sperm whales, the authors previously introduced a passive acoustic system that consists of an AUV (Autonomou Underwater Vehicle) with a hydrophone array and two arrays attached to a support ship. The three arrays receive sperm whale clilicks and determine the direction to the sound source by a SBL (Short Baseline) system. Based on triangulation with a pair of arrays, it is possible to calculate the location of the sound source in real-time. Sperm whales usually dive in groups, and so each array captures thousands of clicks from multiple whales. It is, therefore, necessary to identify the corresponding clicks of each individual captured by the three arrays. However, the acoustic communication band between the AUV and the support ship is limited, so it is impossible to correlate the clicks received by each array in real-time. In order to triangulate with a limited communication band, the authors introduce a click classification scheme at each array considering the individual sound source. The class data is sent together with direction data to the AUV and an array on the support ship. Thus the AUV and the operator in the support ship can estimate the positon of the whale by a LBL (Long Baseline) system. In this paper, the proposed classification algorithm is applied to data recorded off Ogasawara in 2003. The clicks can be classified reasonably by the proposed method. The three-dimensional underwater trajectories of six sperm whales are obtained by using the classes obtained by the proposed method.
{"title":"Classification of sperm whale clicks and triangulation for real-time localization with SBL arrays","authors":"R. Hirotsu, T. Ura, J. Kojima, H. Sugimatsu, R. Bahl, M. Yanagisawa","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5151882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5151882","url":null,"abstract":"In order to observe the underwater behavior of sperm whales, the authors previously introduced a passive acoustic system that consists of an AUV (Autonomou Underwater Vehicle) with a hydrophone array and two arrays attached to a support ship. The three arrays receive sperm whale clilicks and determine the direction to the sound source by a SBL (Short Baseline) system. Based on triangulation with a pair of arrays, it is possible to calculate the location of the sound source in real-time. Sperm whales usually dive in groups, and so each array captures thousands of clicks from multiple whales. It is, therefore, necessary to identify the corresponding clicks of each individual captured by the three arrays. However, the acoustic communication band between the AUV and the support ship is limited, so it is impossible to correlate the clicks received by each array in real-time. In order to triangulate with a limited communication band, the authors introduce a click classification scheme at each array considering the individual sound source. The class data is sent together with direction data to the AUV and an array on the support ship. Thus the AUV and the operator in the support ship can estimate the positon of the whale by a LBL (Long Baseline) system. In this paper, the proposed classification algorithm is applied to data recorded off Ogasawara in 2003. The clicks can be classified reasonably by the proposed method. The three-dimensional underwater trajectories of six sperm whales are obtained by using the classes obtained by the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":113677,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2008","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132904322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5152021
S. Negahdaripour, A. Taatian
Optical and sonar imaging system are routinely deployed for underwater search, inspection and scientific surveys of manmade and natural structures, etc. We have previously demonstrated that the integration of visual cues in optical and sonar images is an effective strategy to overcome certain shortcomings of each system alone, for 3-D reconstruction from 2-D images. In this work, we deal with the problem of structure from motion, in addressing the recovery of 3-D motion and scene structure from images taken in different poses relative to the scene. In particular, we explore the bundle adjustment formulation, where the estimation of motion and structure is carried out over all the data in a batch process. We analyze the 3-D reconstruction accuracy with computer generated noisy data with various number of points that are tracked and number of views. We also present results from an experiment with real data.
{"title":"Bundle adjustment for 3-D motion and structure estimation from 2-D optical and sonar views","authors":"S. Negahdaripour, A. Taatian","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5152021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5152021","url":null,"abstract":"Optical and sonar imaging system are routinely deployed for underwater search, inspection and scientific surveys of manmade and natural structures, etc. We have previously demonstrated that the integration of visual cues in optical and sonar images is an effective strategy to overcome certain shortcomings of each system alone, for 3-D reconstruction from 2-D images. In this work, we deal with the problem of structure from motion, in addressing the recovery of 3-D motion and scene structure from images taken in different poses relative to the scene. In particular, we explore the bundle adjustment formulation, where the estimation of motion and structure is carried out over all the data in a batch process. We analyze the 3-D reconstruction accuracy with computer generated noisy data with various number of points that are tracked and number of views. We also present results from an experiment with real data.","PeriodicalId":113677,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2008","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129771285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5151819
M. Wada, K. Hatanaka, M. Toda, M. Sano
This report provides an account of a ldquomarine broadband frameworkrdquo wireless LAN coastal communication system constructed for the purpose of improving productivity and safety of commercial fishing operations. The marine broadband framework proposed in this report is a wireless communication network that can maintain a regular Internet connection at fast xDSL transmission speeds for low cost in coastal areas worked by small fishing vessels. The wireless LAN system uses an OWS 2400 (Strix Systems, Inc.) with IEEE802.11j specifications. An initial trial using small fishing vessels and ferries demonstrated that a wireless LAN connection could be maintained within a range of 10,000 m, along with actual throughput of around 6,000 Kbps. This trial was followed by a detailed assessment of transmission quality within the service area using a scientific research vessel. As a result, it was found that stable transmission with a receiving signal of -90 dBm and higher was maintained within a range of 14,000 m from a stationary base station. Additionally, actual throughput of 8,000 Kbps and higher from within about 2,000 m of a station, and 4,000 Kbps and higher from within about 12,000 m of a station was also confirmed. Consequently, these trials confirmed that a wireless LAN network with IEEE802.11j specifications can be used to construct a marine broadband communication framework in coastal regions with xDSL transmission speeds.
{"title":"Marine Broadband Framework for coastal fishings","authors":"M. Wada, K. Hatanaka, M. Toda, M. Sano","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5151819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5151819","url":null,"abstract":"This report provides an account of a ldquomarine broadband frameworkrdquo wireless LAN coastal communication system constructed for the purpose of improving productivity and safety of commercial fishing operations. The marine broadband framework proposed in this report is a wireless communication network that can maintain a regular Internet connection at fast xDSL transmission speeds for low cost in coastal areas worked by small fishing vessels. The wireless LAN system uses an OWS 2400 (Strix Systems, Inc.) with IEEE802.11j specifications. An initial trial using small fishing vessels and ferries demonstrated that a wireless LAN connection could be maintained within a range of 10,000 m, along with actual throughput of around 6,000 Kbps. This trial was followed by a detailed assessment of transmission quality within the service area using a scientific research vessel. As a result, it was found that stable transmission with a receiving signal of -90 dBm and higher was maintained within a range of 14,000 m from a stationary base station. Additionally, actual throughput of 8,000 Kbps and higher from within about 2,000 m of a station, and 4,000 Kbps and higher from within about 12,000 m of a station was also confirmed. Consequently, these trials confirmed that a wireless LAN network with IEEE802.11j specifications can be used to construct a marine broadband communication framework in coastal regions with xDSL transmission speeds.","PeriodicalId":113677,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2008","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128217280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5151901
M. Toda, K. Enomoto, Y. Kuwahara, M. Wada, K. Hatanaka
In this research, we propose a method to extract scallop areas in seabed images in order to construct a system that can measure automatically the number, size, and state of fishery resources, especially scallops, by analyzing seabed images. Our algorithm is based on information on the hue and characteristic pattern scallop shells. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated through an experiment.
{"title":"Extraction method of scallop area in seabed images for fishery resources investigation","authors":"M. Toda, K. Enomoto, Y. Kuwahara, M. Wada, K. Hatanaka","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5151901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5151901","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, we propose a method to extract scallop areas in seabed images in order to construct a system that can measure automatically the number, size, and state of fishery resources, especially scallops, by analyzing seabed images. Our algorithm is based on information on the hue and characteristic pattern scallop shells. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated through an experiment.","PeriodicalId":113677,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2008","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132384523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5151871
M. Barlett, W. Brown, A. Porter
Sea-floor acoustic scattering strength measurements are useful for understanding the observed reverberation in active sonar systems and for estimating sea-floor bottom properties. Observed reverberation and resulting measured scattering strength frequently show a high degree of spatial and temporal variability. This variability may be observed on short, sample-to-sample, times scales from a single time series, or it may manifest itself as longer term variability of measurements made at a single location or over a survey area. Causal mechanisms for this variability include a dynamic fluctuating ocean media, multipath, complex bathymetry and the use of non-stationary sensors for making these measurements. The results presented in this paper leverage previous work by the Sonar Acoustic Boundary Loss Estimation (SABLE) project. Several examples of how this approach can be used to investigate variability in derived Lambert coefficients and scatter strengths are presented for a dataset constructed from sonar beam data obtained over a limited geographic area. These examples are illustrative of approaches that can potentially be developed as a means of quality control in processing of large datasets from non-research sonar systems.
{"title":"Variability of observed reverberation and estimated sea-floor scattering strength","authors":"M. Barlett, W. Brown, A. Porter","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5151871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5151871","url":null,"abstract":"Sea-floor acoustic scattering strength measurements are useful for understanding the observed reverberation in active sonar systems and for estimating sea-floor bottom properties. Observed reverberation and resulting measured scattering strength frequently show a high degree of spatial and temporal variability. This variability may be observed on short, sample-to-sample, times scales from a single time series, or it may manifest itself as longer term variability of measurements made at a single location or over a survey area. Causal mechanisms for this variability include a dynamic fluctuating ocean media, multipath, complex bathymetry and the use of non-stationary sensors for making these measurements. The results presented in this paper leverage previous work by the Sonar Acoustic Boundary Loss Estimation (SABLE) project. Several examples of how this approach can be used to investigate variability in derived Lambert coefficients and scatter strengths are presented for a dataset constructed from sonar beam data obtained over a limited geographic area. These examples are illustrative of approaches that can potentially be developed as a means of quality control in processing of large datasets from non-research sonar systems.","PeriodicalId":113677,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2008","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124997813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5152075
O. Pizarro, P. Rigby, M. Johnson-Roberson, S. Williams, J. Colquhoun
It is now fairly routine to quasi-automatically generate acoustic bathymetry and optical mosaics from properly instrumented Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs). However, further analysis and interpretation of gathered data is needed to address tasks such as habitat characterization and monitoring. This analysis stage is performed by human experts which limits the amount and speed of data processing. While it is unlikely that machines will match humans at fine-scale classification, machines can now perform preliminary, coarser classification to provide timely and relevant feedback to assist human decisions and enable adaptive AUV behavior. This paper presents a preliminary investigation into using a state-of-art object recognition system to classify marine habitat imagery based on labeled examples. We show that performance for such approaches can suffer with typical underwater imagery and present some of the causes for this. We propose modifications that make such a system suitable for automated coarse habitat classification and discuss experiences and results with three applications. The first corresponds to towed imagery from Ningaloo and Scott Reef, Western Australia. The second corresponds to AUV imagery near Hydrographers passage, Queensland. The third application demonstrates adaptive surveying using the output of the modified classification system.
{"title":"Towards image-based marine habitat classification","authors":"O. Pizarro, P. Rigby, M. Johnson-Roberson, S. Williams, J. Colquhoun","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5152075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5152075","url":null,"abstract":"It is now fairly routine to quasi-automatically generate acoustic bathymetry and optical mosaics from properly instrumented Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs). However, further analysis and interpretation of gathered data is needed to address tasks such as habitat characterization and monitoring. This analysis stage is performed by human experts which limits the amount and speed of data processing. While it is unlikely that machines will match humans at fine-scale classification, machines can now perform preliminary, coarser classification to provide timely and relevant feedback to assist human decisions and enable adaptive AUV behavior. This paper presents a preliminary investigation into using a state-of-art object recognition system to classify marine habitat imagery based on labeled examples. We show that performance for such approaches can suffer with typical underwater imagery and present some of the causes for this. We propose modifications that make such a system suitable for automated coarse habitat classification and discuss experiences and results with three applications. The first corresponds to towed imagery from Ningaloo and Scott Reef, Western Australia. The second corresponds to AUV imagery near Hydrographers passage, Queensland. The third application demonstrates adaptive surveying using the output of the modified classification system.","PeriodicalId":113677,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2008","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132187898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-17DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5151968
J. Piera, R. Quesada, J. Dañobeitia
The present study proposes a new method for estimating mixing parameters from continuous CTD profiling data processing. The method is mainly oriented to the continuous profiling systems that can be installed in permanent observatories. The method could be particularly useful in studies of biologicalphysical interactions at small scale, because it overcomes some of the limitations of the eddy diffusivity concept when dealing with the complex vertical pattern of biological and chemical tracers. The proposed method obtains empirically the coefficients of the transilient matrix, this being the discrete descriptor used in non-local mixing closure.
{"title":"Characterization of turbulent regimes derived from high resolution CTD profiles. potential application to continuous profiling systems","authors":"J. Piera, R. Quesada, J. Dañobeitia","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5151968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2008.5151968","url":null,"abstract":"The present study proposes a new method for estimating mixing parameters from continuous CTD profiling data processing. The method is mainly oriented to the continuous profiling systems that can be installed in permanent observatories. The method could be particularly useful in studies of biologicalphysical interactions at small scale, because it overcomes some of the limitations of the eddy diffusivity concept when dealing with the complex vertical pattern of biological and chemical tracers. The proposed method obtains empirically the coefficients of the transilient matrix, this being the discrete descriptor used in non-local mixing closure.","PeriodicalId":113677,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2008","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121117884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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