Pub Date : 2008-10-14DOI: 10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649027
N. Petrochilos, Gaspare Galati, E. Piracci
Secondary surveillance radar (SSR) was originated in the 40's as an Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) system and, starting from the psila50 and psila60, provided the air traffic control (ATC) with identity and altitude data for the aircraft under coverage, implementing a rough form of cooperative independent surveillance, complementing the non-cooperative surveillance of the primary radar and very often working in a joint manner with it (co-location, co-rotation of the antennae). In the psila70 and psila80 a deep system-level update of the SSR was adopted at international level, namely the selective mode, or Mode S, compatible with previous Modes A and C and providing a data link between the aircraft and the ground-station, i.e. the secondary radar. Following this update and its new signal formats, two main research directions were investigated from half psila90: distributed ground systems enabling multilateration, and array source separation enabling operation in high traffic on the downlink RF channel. This paper provides a survey of this last decade, as seen from the perspective of its authors.
{"title":"Array processing of SSR signals in the multilateration context, a decade survey","authors":"N. Petrochilos, Gaspare Galati, E. Piracci","doi":"10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649027","url":null,"abstract":"Secondary surveillance radar (SSR) was originated in the 40's as an Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) system and, starting from the psila50 and psila60, provided the air traffic control (ATC) with identity and altitude data for the aircraft under coverage, implementing a rough form of cooperative independent surveillance, complementing the non-cooperative surveillance of the primary radar and very often working in a joint manner with it (co-location, co-rotation of the antennae). In the psila70 and psila80 a deep system-level update of the SSR was adopted at international level, namely the selective mode, or Mode S, compatible with previous Modes A and C and providing a data link between the aircraft and the ground-station, i.e. the secondary radar. Following this update and its new signal formats, two main research directions were investigated from half psila90: distributed ground systems enabling multilateration, and array source separation enabling operation in high traffic on the downlink RF channel. This paper provides a survey of this last decade, as seen from the perspective of its authors.","PeriodicalId":113942,"journal":{"name":"2008 Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications - Enhanced Surveillance of Aircraft and Vehicles","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115265685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-14DOI: 10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649036
K. Pourvoyeur, Andreas Stelzer, Guenter Stelzhammer
A key element in precise position estimation is the ability to detect as well as to assign measurement errors. These errors may be caused by disturbances within the propagation path of the electromagnetic wave as well as by the hardware itself. In this contribution the error estimation for a time difference of arrival (TDOA) local position estimation system is discussed in detail. Scenarios are proposed to estimate path-related errors, as well as hardware-related errors. The developed algorithms, which are based on Kalman filtering techniques, are verified with measurements.
{"title":"Error estimation for reliable fault detection of a TDOA local positioning system","authors":"K. Pourvoyeur, Andreas Stelzer, Guenter Stelzhammer","doi":"10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649036","url":null,"abstract":"A key element in precise position estimation is the ability to detect as well as to assign measurement errors. These errors may be caused by disturbances within the propagation path of the electromagnetic wave as well as by the hardware itself. In this contribution the error estimation for a time difference of arrival (TDOA) local position estimation system is discussed in detail. Scenarios are proposed to estimate path-related errors, as well as hardware-related errors. The developed algorithms, which are based on Kalman filtering techniques, are verified with measurements.","PeriodicalId":113942,"journal":{"name":"2008 Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications - Enhanced Surveillance of Aircraft and Vehicles","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114810569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-14DOI: 10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649035
M. Leonardi, G. Galati, M. Gasbarra
Target position integrity is very important when this information is used for surveillance and safety purposes as in a multilateration system (MLAT). In this paper some of the classical satellite navigation algorithms are modified to be applied to the MLAT environmental and one of the big limitations of these algorithms i.e. the single fault hypothesis is removed. Simulated tests in a real scenario are also shown.
{"title":"Multiple faults integrity algorithm for mode S Multilateration Systems","authors":"M. Leonardi, G. Galati, M. Gasbarra","doi":"10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649035","url":null,"abstract":"Target position integrity is very important when this information is used for surveillance and safety purposes as in a multilateration system (MLAT). In this paper some of the classical satellite navigation algorithms are modified to be applied to the MLAT environmental and one of the big limitations of these algorithms i.e. the single fault hypothesis is removed. Simulated tests in a real scenario are also shown.","PeriodicalId":113942,"journal":{"name":"2008 Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications - Enhanced Surveillance of Aircraft and Vehicles","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117119904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-14DOI: 10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649041
P. van Genderen, V. Kovalenko
Detection in most surveillance radars is based on the condition of point targets against a more or less homogeneous background. Currently, the resolution of many new types of radar is increasing, at least in the range dimension. Therefore many objects no longer can be considered as points. Also as a consequence, the background is getting more diverse, in statistical terms. The scene addressed in this paper concerns a ground clutter environment, and extended objects observed with a polarimetric radar with modestly high resolution (i.e. 6m resolving power in range). A staged approach is proposed to detection and parameter assessment of extended objects and adding classification based on polarimetric features. The evaluation of this approach is based on recordings of real natural scenes and artificially inserted extended objects. It has been observed that in the multi-stage detection the object classification benefits from several features, amongst which polarimetric ones. It is proposed that the quality of the contour circumscribing the object is the prime factor for quality of the features next to the polarimetric features. Clutter is affecting the edges of the contours, and therefore may have a major impact on features that are dependent on these contours.
{"title":"Evaluation of some features for extended target extraction in polarimetric radar","authors":"P. van Genderen, V. Kovalenko","doi":"10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649041","url":null,"abstract":"Detection in most surveillance radars is based on the condition of point targets against a more or less homogeneous background. Currently, the resolution of many new types of radar is increasing, at least in the range dimension. Therefore many objects no longer can be considered as points. Also as a consequence, the background is getting more diverse, in statistical terms. The scene addressed in this paper concerns a ground clutter environment, and extended objects observed with a polarimetric radar with modestly high resolution (i.e. 6m resolving power in range). A staged approach is proposed to detection and parameter assessment of extended objects and adding classification based on polarimetric features. The evaluation of this approach is based on recordings of real natural scenes and artificially inserted extended objects. It has been observed that in the multi-stage detection the object classification benefits from several features, amongst which polarimetric ones. It is proposed that the quality of the contour circumscribing the object is the prime factor for quality of the features next to the polarimetric features. Clutter is affecting the edges of the contours, and therefore may have a major impact on features that are dependent on these contours.","PeriodicalId":113942,"journal":{"name":"2008 Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications - Enhanced Surveillance of Aircraft and Vehicles","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128144717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-01DOI: 10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649044
C.A. Vertua
The ldquosafe segment occupancy control systemrdquo is the basic component of an airport guidance system where all the moving aircrafts are kept safely separated by an empty taxiway segment: the center lights of such segment shall be ldquoredrdquo until the leading aircraft has cleared also the next segment. This requires a very accurate and reliable detection of each aircraft progression from one segment to the following one. The study is focused on the comparative performance analysis of a two-sensor detection system based on a light-weight SMR and a basic multilateration/ADS-B system.
{"title":"Two-sensor precision aircraft and vehicle positioning for safe segment occupancy control system","authors":"C.A. Vertua","doi":"10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649044","url":null,"abstract":"The ldquosafe segment occupancy control systemrdquo is the basic component of an airport guidance system where all the moving aircrafts are kept safely separated by an empty taxiway segment: the center lights of such segment shall be ldquoredrdquo until the leading aircraft has cleared also the next segment. This requires a very accurate and reliable detection of each aircraft progression from one segment to the following one. The study is focused on the comparative performance analysis of a two-sensor detection system based on a light-weight SMR and a basic multilateration/ADS-B system.","PeriodicalId":113942,"journal":{"name":"2008 Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications - Enhanced Surveillance of Aircraft and Vehicles","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116506394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-01DOI: 10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649024
S. Di Girolamo, F. Luongo, M. Marinelli, A. Zin, L. Scaciga, L. Rocco, L. Campa, L. Marradi
The Galileo Test User Segment (TUS) will be an active part in the validation of the future European Galileo Navigation System. In particular the Test User receiver for the Safety of Life (SoL) GALILEO service is the most demanding due to the safety critical needs required by aeronautics, maritime or rail applications. To cope with these demanding requirements, the design of the receiver takes into account different improvements with respect to a nominal navigation receiver like interference and multipath suppression, integrity algorithms and minimization of environment errors sources impacting both hardware and software part of the receiver. This paper focuses the performances of this type of terminal mainly from the User Equivalent Range Error, positioning accuracy, availability as well as integrity aspects point of view. A Galileo (TUS) Service Volume Simulator (SVS) has been developed in order to assess the performance without considering real input signals.
{"title":"Galileo Test User Segment design and performances related to aeronautical safety of life applications","authors":"S. Di Girolamo, F. Luongo, M. Marinelli, A. Zin, L. Scaciga, L. Rocco, L. Campa, L. Marradi","doi":"10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649024","url":null,"abstract":"The Galileo Test User Segment (TUS) will be an active part in the validation of the future European Galileo Navigation System. In particular the Test User receiver for the Safety of Life (SoL) GALILEO service is the most demanding due to the safety critical needs required by aeronautics, maritime or rail applications. To cope with these demanding requirements, the design of the receiver takes into account different improvements with respect to a nominal navigation receiver like interference and multipath suppression, integrity algorithms and minimization of environment errors sources impacting both hardware and software part of the receiver. This paper focuses the performances of this type of terminal mainly from the User Equivalent Range Error, positioning accuracy, availability as well as integrity aspects point of view. A Galileo (TUS) Service Volume Simulator (SVS) has been developed in order to assess the performance without considering real input signals.","PeriodicalId":113942,"journal":{"name":"2008 Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications - Enhanced Surveillance of Aircraft and Vehicles","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124809902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-01DOI: 10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649028
J. Gottstein, P. Form
In the SATT-Project the IfEV of the Technical University of Braunschweig developed an ACAS Monitor Station which receives 1030/1090 MHz Secondary Surveillance Radar and ACAS Communications. The monitoring software keeps track on the status of all Mode S-Aircraft in range and automatically compiles reports on Resolution Advisories by Airborne Collision Avoidance Systems (ACAS) in the North German Airspace. Twelve Month of continuous recordings cover more than 1 000 000 flight hours of ACAS-Equipped Aircraft. One ACAS- indicated collision threat in average per day in the North German Airspace is reported. The analysis also shows that only 6 of 7 Resolution Advisories were followed by proper escape maneuvers. As a consequence the project is continued in cooperation with ATC, with THALES ATM Industries, and many German Airlines. In 2008 three new ACAS Monitor Stations will be installed in South Germany and interconnected with TU-Braunschweig to cover also Frankfurt and Munich Airspace.
{"title":"ACAS-monitoring of 1 000 000 flight hours in the North German Airspace","authors":"J. Gottstein, P. Form","doi":"10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649028","url":null,"abstract":"In the SATT-Project the IfEV of the Technical University of Braunschweig developed an ACAS Monitor Station which receives 1030/1090 MHz Secondary Surveillance Radar and ACAS Communications. The monitoring software keeps track on the status of all Mode S-Aircraft in range and automatically compiles reports on Resolution Advisories by Airborne Collision Avoidance Systems (ACAS) in the North German Airspace. Twelve Month of continuous recordings cover more than 1 000 000 flight hours of ACAS-Equipped Aircraft. One ACAS- indicated collision threat in average per day in the North German Airspace is reported. The analysis also shows that only 6 of 7 Resolution Advisories were followed by proper escape maneuvers. As a consequence the project is continued in cooperation with ATC, with THALES ATM Industries, and many German Airlines. In 2008 three new ACAS Monitor Stations will be installed in South Germany and interconnected with TU-Braunschweig to cover also Frankfurt and Munich Airspace.","PeriodicalId":113942,"journal":{"name":"2008 Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications - Enhanced Surveillance of Aircraft and Vehicles","volume":"315 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124473006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-01DOI: 10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649018
C. Morris, M. Merkle, B. Bagstad, S. Magyarits
A new near term operational concept for arrival and departure airspace in major metropolitan areas has been developed and validated that will require increased surveillance accuracy in an expanded area of arrival/departure airspace. This paper details the proposed concept, concept validation results, estimated benefits, and the operational and technical requirements that must be met to implement the concept, including improvements in surveillance accuracy.
{"title":"Operational concept for high density arrival/departure airspace and associated surveillance requirements","authors":"C. Morris, M. Merkle, B. Bagstad, S. Magyarits","doi":"10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649018","url":null,"abstract":"A new near term operational concept for arrival and departure airspace in major metropolitan areas has been developed and validated that will require increased surveillance accuracy in an expanded area of arrival/departure airspace. This paper details the proposed concept, concept validation results, estimated benefits, and the operational and technical requirements that must be met to implement the concept, including improvements in surveillance accuracy.","PeriodicalId":113942,"journal":{"name":"2008 Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications - Enhanced Surveillance of Aircraft and Vehicles","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121907478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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