Pub Date : 2008-10-14DOI: 10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649042
C. Kabakchiev, I. Garvanov
In this paper we study some standard problems of SSR (secondary surveillance radar), relating to improving the detection performance of the conventional SSR and Mode S replies in the SSR FRUIT environment. We present the algorithm that consists of a conventional two-dimensional CFAR BI processor combined with the estimator of the FRUIT parameters, which is necessary for automatically selecting of the appropriate scale factor. This robust algorithm guarantees the maintenance of the constant false alarm rate in the FRUIT environment. In the study, we used Monte Carlo simulations for calculating the two detection characteristics - the probability of detection and the probability of false alarm. The results obtained show that the proposed adaptive binary integration (ABI) CFAR processor improves detecting the conventional SSR and mode S replies in the SSR FRUIT environment.
{"title":"CFAR BI technique for Secondary Surveillance Radar","authors":"C. Kabakchiev, I. Garvanov","doi":"10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649042","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we study some standard problems of SSR (secondary surveillance radar), relating to improving the detection performance of the conventional SSR and Mode S replies in the SSR FRUIT environment. We present the algorithm that consists of a conventional two-dimensional CFAR BI processor combined with the estimator of the FRUIT parameters, which is necessary for automatically selecting of the appropriate scale factor. This robust algorithm guarantees the maintenance of the constant false alarm rate in the FRUIT environment. In the study, we used Monte Carlo simulations for calculating the two detection characteristics - the probability of detection and the probability of false alarm. The results obtained show that the proposed adaptive binary integration (ABI) CFAR processor improves detecting the conventional SSR and mode S replies in the SSR FRUIT environment.","PeriodicalId":113942,"journal":{"name":"2008 Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications - Enhanced Surveillance of Aircraft and Vehicles","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116682621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-14DOI: 10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649026
M. Pollina, W. Vigneau
Over last years M3 Systems has been extensively assessing the use of EGNOS to support surface movements at airports. The results obtained have provided confidence on the fact that GNSS is enabling a wide range of innovative services to support vehicle drivers and to improve surveillance. A pre-operational solution has been developed on these bases and is now deployed at Bordeaux airport. The work, initially focused on vehicles has allowed to enlarge the vision and to identify key areas for future research and developments : integrity of positioning using EGNOS, interoperability with ADS-B, innovative navigation and surveillance services to support surface movements, including aircraft.
{"title":"GNSS for surface surveillance : Integrity, inter-operability & future applications","authors":"M. Pollina, W. Vigneau","doi":"10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649026","url":null,"abstract":"Over last years M3 Systems has been extensively assessing the use of EGNOS to support surface movements at airports. The results obtained have provided confidence on the fact that GNSS is enabling a wide range of innovative services to support vehicle drivers and to improve surveillance. A pre-operational solution has been developed on these bases and is now deployed at Bordeaux airport. The work, initially focused on vehicles has allowed to enlarge the vision and to identify key areas for future research and developments : integrity of positioning using EGNOS, interoperability with ADS-B, innovative navigation and surveillance services to support surface movements, including aircraft.","PeriodicalId":113942,"journal":{"name":"2008 Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications - Enhanced Surveillance of Aircraft and Vehicles","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128202118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-14DOI: 10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649038
A. Mathias, M. Leonardi, G. Galati
Two new closed form localization algorithms for multilateration systems are derived and analyzed. The derivation neglects the time difference of arrival in favor of the direct use of the time of arrival (TOA). The algorithms work for arbitrary spatial dimensions and overdetermined systems. A strategy for quick rejection of obviously false time measurements based on coding theory is also proposed.
{"title":"An efficient multilateration algorithm","authors":"A. Mathias, M. Leonardi, G. Galati","doi":"10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649038","url":null,"abstract":"Two new closed form localization algorithms for multilateration systems are derived and analyzed. The derivation neglects the time difference of arrival in favor of the direct use of the time of arrival (TOA). The algorithms work for arbitrary spatial dimensions and overdetermined systems. A strategy for quick rejection of obviously false time measurements based on coding theory is also proposed.","PeriodicalId":113942,"journal":{"name":"2008 Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications - Enhanced Surveillance of Aircraft and Vehicles","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128950582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-14DOI: 10.1017/S1759078709000191
G. Galati, E. Piracci, N. Petrochilos, F. Fiori
This paper is focused on the 1090 MHz SSR channel capacity increase by innovative transmission and decoding techniques. A lot of Air traffic control systems use the 1090 MHz channel: SSR downlink (on-board transponders), ADS-B messages, TIS-B, FIS-B. We focus the attention on the MLAT (multilateration) system, useful to localize and identify transponder-equipped targets (aircraft and vehicles). Today multilateration receiver stations have omni-directional antennae, so considering the aircrafts traffic and including the extension of surveillance to cooperating vehicles, the reception of super-imposed signals is more and more probable especially in high traffic density airports. In this paper we show the problem mitigation introducing a technique proposed in the international patent , and the decoding techniques proposed in and. We analyze the channel capacity improvement, then exploit the detection and the TOA estimation of the frequency-shifted and separated signals, and finally the EUROCAE requirements compliance.
本文重点研究了利用创新的传输和解码技术来增加1090mhz SSR信道容量。许多空中交通管制系统使用1090mhz信道:SSR下行链路(机载应答器)，ADS-B消息，TIS-B, fi -b。我们把注意力集中在MLAT (multilatation)系统上，它有助于定位和识别配备应答器的目标(飞机和车辆)。如今，多方向接收站的天线都是全向的，考虑到飞机的交通情况，并将监视扩展到配合的车辆，接收叠加信号的可能性越来越大，特别是在高交通密度的机场。在本文中，我们介绍了国际专利中提出的问题缓解技术，以及和中提出的解码技术。首先分析了信道容量的提高，然后研究了移频和分离信号的检测和TOA估计，最后讨论了EUROCAE要求的符合性。
{"title":"1090 MHz channel capacity improvement in the Air traffic control context","authors":"G. Galati, E. Piracci, N. Petrochilos, F. Fiori","doi":"10.1017/S1759078709000191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1759078709000191","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is focused on the 1090 MHz SSR channel capacity increase by innovative transmission and decoding techniques. A lot of Air traffic control systems use the 1090 MHz channel: SSR downlink (on-board transponders), ADS-B messages, TIS-B, FIS-B. We focus the attention on the MLAT (multilateration) system, useful to localize and identify transponder-equipped targets (aircraft and vehicles). Today multilateration receiver stations have omni-directional antennae, so considering the aircrafts traffic and including the extension of surveillance to cooperating vehicles, the reception of super-imposed signals is more and more probable especially in high traffic density airports. In this paper we show the problem mitigation introducing a technique proposed in the international patent , and the decoding techniques proposed in and. We analyze the channel capacity improvement, then exploit the detection and the TOA estimation of the frequency-shifted and separated signals, and finally the EUROCAE requirements compliance.","PeriodicalId":113942,"journal":{"name":"2008 Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications - Enhanced Surveillance of Aircraft and Vehicles","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129990261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-14DOI: 10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649025
S. Nandulal, C. Babu Rao, C.L. Indi, M. Irulappan, S. Arulmozhi, P. Soma
Airports Authority of India (AAI) in collaboration with Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) has planned to demonstrate Wide Area Differential GPS (WADGPS), over the Indian Flight Information Region for civil aviation application purpose. In GAGAN-TDS (GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation-Technology Demonstration System), with a configuration of eight Reference Stations, one Indian Master Control Station, one Indian Land Uplink station with one GEO stationary satellite, accuracy and availability of GAGAN was demonstrated. GAGAN-TDS is leading to a Fully Operational Phase (FOP) Indian SBAS (Space Based Augmentation System). GAGAN will operationally provide Accuracy, Integrity, Continuity, Availability and level of Service.
{"title":"Evaluation of real-time position accuracy and LNAV/VNAV service availability of GAGAN SBAS (Wide Area Differential GPS) over Indian region","authors":"S. Nandulal, C. Babu Rao, C.L. Indi, M. Irulappan, S. Arulmozhi, P. Soma","doi":"10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649025","url":null,"abstract":"Airports Authority of India (AAI) in collaboration with Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) has planned to demonstrate Wide Area Differential GPS (WADGPS), over the Indian Flight Information Region for civil aviation application purpose. In GAGAN-TDS (GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation-Technology Demonstration System), with a configuration of eight Reference Stations, one Indian Master Control Station, one Indian Land Uplink station with one GEO stationary satellite, accuracy and availability of GAGAN was demonstrated. GAGAN-TDS is leading to a Fully Operational Phase (FOP) Indian SBAS (Space Based Augmentation System). GAGAN will operationally provide Accuracy, Integrity, Continuity, Availability and level of Service.","PeriodicalId":113942,"journal":{"name":"2008 Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications - Enhanced Surveillance of Aircraft and Vehicles","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116781527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-14DOI: 10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649029
N. Petrochilos, G. Galati, E. Piracci
Secondary surveillance radar (SSR) based on multilateration principle and omni-directional antennae are operational today [1], [2]. We proposed several new algorithms to separate a mixture of overlapping SSR replies on a M-elements antenna in previous works [3], [4], [5], [6], other solutions were also proposed in the literature [7], [8], [9]. Unfortunately, a rare event, but important, has not yet been resolved: the impinging of more sources than sensors with an approximate similar time of arrival. This preliminary work studies the use of the SSR sources sparsity property, as in [10], [11], [12]. Real recorded signals in a live environment will be used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.
{"title":"Secondary Surveillance Radar: Sparsity-based sources separation in a real environment","authors":"N. Petrochilos, G. Galati, E. Piracci","doi":"10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649029","url":null,"abstract":"Secondary surveillance radar (SSR) based on multilateration principle and omni-directional antennae are operational today [1], [2]. We proposed several new algorithms to separate a mixture of overlapping SSR replies on a M-elements antenna in previous works [3], [4], [5], [6], other solutions were also proposed in the literature [7], [8], [9]. Unfortunately, a rare event, but important, has not yet been resolved: the impinging of more sources than sensors with an approximate similar time of arrival. This preliminary work studies the use of the SSR sources sparsity property, as in [10], [11], [12]. Real recorded signals in a live environment will be used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.","PeriodicalId":113942,"journal":{"name":"2008 Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications - Enhanced Surveillance of Aircraft and Vehicles","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129125667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-14DOI: 10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649017
M. Rees
This paper presents the Eurocontrol surveillance strategy, comprising 3 pillars of surveillance: primary surveillance radar together with co-operative independent systems; i.e. mode S, multilateration and cooperative dependent system; i.e. automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast. The current surveillance standard requires, for en-route and terminal manoeuvring areas, two independent layers of surveillance to satisfy the necessary safety arguments. However, which surveillance options are chosen is left to individual states or service provider choice, based on economic or geographic considerations. The paper also presents the European Commission Implementing Rule for surveillance performance and interoperability.
{"title":"The EUROCONTROL Surveillance Strategy","authors":"M. Rees","doi":"10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649017","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the Eurocontrol surveillance strategy, comprising 3 pillars of surveillance: primary surveillance radar together with co-operative independent systems; i.e. mode S, multilateration and cooperative dependent system; i.e. automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast. The current surveillance standard requires, for en-route and terminal manoeuvring areas, two independent layers of surveillance to satisfy the necessary safety arguments. However, which surveillance options are chosen is left to individual states or service provider choice, based on economic or geographic considerations. The paper also presents the European Commission Implementing Rule for surveillance performance and interoperability.","PeriodicalId":113942,"journal":{"name":"2008 Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications - Enhanced Surveillance of Aircraft and Vehicles","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134409753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-14DOI: 10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649046
R. Bruno, G. Dyer
This paper presents the methodology and results of the engineering effort that culminated in the ITT Corporation solution for a system that provides a comprehensive set of ADS-B services in the entire airspace of the United States. It includes an overview of the requirements to which the system had to be developed, the constraints within which the system had to operate, the methods through which requirements/constraints were mapped to a system solution, and the final solution designed by ITT. The paper will focus on the engineering traffic information service-broadcast (TIS-B) and ADS-B surveillance services representative examples of the solution for all the ADS-B services.
{"title":"Engineering a US national Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) radio frequency solution","authors":"R. Bruno, G. Dyer","doi":"10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649046","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the methodology and results of the engineering effort that culminated in the ITT Corporation solution for a system that provides a comprehensive set of ADS-B services in the entire airspace of the United States. It includes an overview of the requirements to which the system had to be developed, the constraints within which the system had to operate, the methods through which requirements/constraints were mapped to a system solution, and the final solution designed by ITT. The paper will focus on the engineering traffic information service-broadcast (TIS-B) and ADS-B surveillance services representative examples of the solution for all the ADS-B services.","PeriodicalId":113942,"journal":{"name":"2008 Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications - Enhanced Surveillance of Aircraft and Vehicles","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133401789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-14DOI: 10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649031
J. Groot, F.A.M. Dam, A. Theil
Ground based emitters can be located with a receiver installed on an airborne platform. This paper discusses techniques based on Doppler frequency and differential phase measurements (interferometry). Measurements of the first technique are provided, while we discuss and compare the theoretical accuracy of both. In addition, we demonstrate the use of simulated annealing for finding flight tracks that lead to the smallest location error.
{"title":"Passive emitter location with Doppler frequency and interferometric measurements","authors":"J. Groot, F.A.M. Dam, A. Theil","doi":"10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649031","url":null,"abstract":"Ground based emitters can be located with a receiver installed on an airborne platform. This paper discusses techniques based on Doppler frequency and differential phase measurements (interferometry). Measurements of the first technique are provided, while we discuss and compare the theoretical accuracy of both. In addition, we demonstrate the use of simulated annealing for finding flight tracks that lead to the smallest location error.","PeriodicalId":113942,"journal":{"name":"2008 Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications - Enhanced Surveillance of Aircraft and Vehicles","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131057325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-14DOI: 10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649034
V. Chernyak
One of the most stringent requirements to a multilateration (MLAT) system is very high accuracy of target (emitter) localisation. In view of this, the potential accuracy of emitter localisation (PAEL) based on Cramer-Rao inequality is important to use. Its dependence on system geometry and time of arrival (TOA) measurement accuracy allows choosing reasonable system geometry and requirements for TOA measurements. PAEL for MLAT systems and wide area MLAT (WAM) systems with different geometry is considered including systems developed for the Marco Polo airport in Venice, Italy (as an example). The possibility of velocity determination using PAEL for landing and taking off aircrafts is also discussed.
{"title":"Using potential accuracy of object localisation with multilateration systems","authors":"V. Chernyak","doi":"10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIWDC.2008.4649034","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most stringent requirements to a multilateration (MLAT) system is very high accuracy of target (emitter) localisation. In view of this, the potential accuracy of emitter localisation (PAEL) based on Cramer-Rao inequality is important to use. Its dependence on system geometry and time of arrival (TOA) measurement accuracy allows choosing reasonable system geometry and requirements for TOA measurements. PAEL for MLAT systems and wide area MLAT (WAM) systems with different geometry is considered including systems developed for the Marco Polo airport in Venice, Italy (as an example). The possibility of velocity determination using PAEL for landing and taking off aircrafts is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":113942,"journal":{"name":"2008 Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications - Enhanced Surveillance of Aircraft and Vehicles","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130851767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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