Pub Date : 2008-04-22DOI: 10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556498
O. Nikitenko, M. Volovenko
The crossed-field electron vacuum devices have a high noise level. Nonlinear interaction of electron beam and electromagnetic waves result in excitation of chaotic or combination oscillations. Here we observed Fourier spectrum of low and high frequency modes to prove excitation of chaotic behavior of oscillations in crossed-field electron vacuum devices.
{"title":"Chaotic behavior of oscillations in crossed-field electron vacuum devices","authors":"O. Nikitenko, M. Volovenko","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556498","url":null,"abstract":"The crossed-field electron vacuum devices have a high noise level. Nonlinear interaction of electron beam and electromagnetic waves result in excitation of chaotic or combination oscillations. Here we observed Fourier spectrum of low and high frequency modes to prove excitation of chaotic behavior of oscillations in crossed-field electron vacuum devices.","PeriodicalId":113971,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129947868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-04-22DOI: 10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556481
Yu-Lu Hu, Zhonghai Yang, Jianqing Li, Bin Li, Tao Huang, Q. Hu, Xiaolin Jin, Xiaofang Zhu, Shanshan Ma
In this paper, an optimization algorithm has been developed to provide robust designs for nonlinear beam-wave interaction of high-frequency traveling-wave tubes (TWTs). The algorithm utilizes the optimization method of hybrid genetic algorithm (Goldberg, 1990) in the TWT simulation code which is much like CHRISTINE-1D (Antonsen, 1998). By considering the effects of dimensional helix pitch variations during the optimization, the desired performance characteristics has been achieved.
{"title":"Hybrid genetic algorithm for optimization design of traveling wave tubes","authors":"Yu-Lu Hu, Zhonghai Yang, Jianqing Li, Bin Li, Tao Huang, Q. Hu, Xiaolin Jin, Xiaofang Zhu, Shanshan Ma","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556481","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an optimization algorithm has been developed to provide robust designs for nonlinear beam-wave interaction of high-frequency traveling-wave tubes (TWTs). The algorithm utilizes the optimization method of hybrid genetic algorithm (Goldberg, 1990) in the TWT simulation code which is much like CHRISTINE-1D (Antonsen, 1998). By considering the effects of dimensional helix pitch variations during the optimization, the desired performance characteristics has been achieved.","PeriodicalId":113971,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129303186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-04-22DOI: 10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556526
Hanyan Li, Jinjun Feng
This paper simulate field emitter arrays (FEAs) in the triode mode using Opera-3D. From the calculation data, the factors affecting the emission uniformity including tip height and tip-to-tip distance have been studied.
{"title":"Simulation study of field emitter arrays using Opera-3D","authors":"Hanyan Li, Jinjun Feng","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556526","url":null,"abstract":"This paper simulate field emitter arrays (FEAs) in the triode mode using Opera-3D. From the calculation data, the factors affecting the emission uniformity including tip height and tip-to-tip distance have been studied.","PeriodicalId":113971,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124152050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-04-22DOI: 10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556365
J. Dayton, G. Mearini, C. Kory, D. Malta, M. Lueck, J. Tabeling, S. Worthington, C. Holland, C. Spindt
Approximately twenty intricate diamond structures have been fabricated, selectively metallized and assembled into prototype 650 GHz backward wave oscillators (BWOs). The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond structure is grown into a silicon mold fabricated using deep reactive ion etching. The lithographic fabrication processes employed produce dozens of devices from each lot. The RF power generated is radiated directly from the BWO for compatibility with a quasi-optical sub-mm system. The interdigital slow wave circuit, the electron gun, the output coupler and the antenna are fabricated as a single piece of diamond to eliminate difficulties with alignment. We will describe the processes of fabrication and assembly, and present available preliminary results of prototype testing.
{"title":"Assembly and preliminary testing of the prototype 650 GHz BWO","authors":"J. Dayton, G. Mearini, C. Kory, D. Malta, M. Lueck, J. Tabeling, S. Worthington, C. Holland, C. Spindt","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556365","url":null,"abstract":"Approximately twenty intricate diamond structures have been fabricated, selectively metallized and assembled into prototype 650 GHz backward wave oscillators (BWOs). The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond structure is grown into a silicon mold fabricated using deep reactive ion etching. The lithographic fabrication processes employed produce dozens of devices from each lot. The RF power generated is radiated directly from the BWO for compatibility with a quasi-optical sub-mm system. The interdigital slow wave circuit, the electron gun, the output coupler and the antenna are fabricated as a single piece of diamond to eliminate difficulties with alignment. We will describe the processes of fabrication and assembly, and present available preliminary results of prototype testing.","PeriodicalId":113971,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128785158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-04-22DOI: 10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556528
R. Miller, Y. Y. Lau, J. Booske
We extend the analysis of single rectangular-ridge field enhancement to the case of a double ridge.
我们将单矩形脊场增强的分析推广到双脊场的情况。
{"title":"Field enhancement on knife-edge cathodes","authors":"R. Miller, Y. Y. Lau, J. Booske","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556528","url":null,"abstract":"We extend the analysis of single rectangular-ridge field enhancement to the case of a double ridge.","PeriodicalId":113971,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129071582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-04-22DOI: 10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556395
G. Choi, H. Kim, Hyoung-Jong Kim, J. Choi
This paper presents a new method of noise reduction in magnetron using self-injection-locking loop. The self-injection-locked magnetron divides into two cases in accordance to filter type: waveguide cavity filter and DR filter. This self-injection-locked magnetron consists of the coupler, high-Q filter (DR filter or waveguide cavity filter), circulator, and a phase-shifter without external source. Experimental results show that the self-injection-locked magnetron using waveguide cavity filter and DR filter is improved by 11.1 dB and 12.6 dB compared to the noise level of free oscillation magnetron at the 1 MHz offset frequency.
{"title":"The self-injection-locked magnetron","authors":"G. Choi, H. Kim, Hyoung-Jong Kim, J. Choi","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556395","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new method of noise reduction in magnetron using self-injection-locking loop. The self-injection-locked magnetron divides into two cases in accordance to filter type: waveguide cavity filter and DR filter. This self-injection-locked magnetron consists of the coupler, high-Q filter (DR filter or waveguide cavity filter), circulator, and a phase-shifter without external source. Experimental results show that the self-injection-locked magnetron using waveguide cavity filter and DR filter is improved by 11.1 dB and 12.6 dB compared to the noise level of free oscillation magnetron at the 1 MHz offset frequency.","PeriodicalId":113971,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129099428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-04-22DOI: 10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556558
Kevin P. Mallon
Downlink amplifiers on geostationary communications satellites are required to operate in harsh environments for extended mission lifetimes (of up to 20 years) with a challenging combination of performance parameters and ultra-high reliability. TWTAs were the only option for systems designers nearly 50 years ago at the birth of the space age that were capable of providing the required power/frequency product for communications links. This history is similar to that of many other applications (radar, ECM, etc.). More recent history, however, shows that satellite communications payload architecture continues to use TWTAs for the vast majority of downlink amplifier applications while many other types of systems have moved away from TWTAs into alternate amplifier types and/or architectures. This presentation will highlight many of the key differentiating capabilities of modern space qualified TWTAs that have enabled them to maintain and grow a competitive advantage versus solidstate amplifier in satellite communications payloads. These differences are worth noting by designers of all types of systems requiring microwave amplification.
{"title":"TWTAs for Satellite communications: Past, present and future","authors":"Kevin P. Mallon","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556558","url":null,"abstract":"Downlink amplifiers on geostationary communications satellites are required to operate in harsh environments for extended mission lifetimes (of up to 20 years) with a challenging combination of performance parameters and ultra-high reliability. TWTAs were the only option for systems designers nearly 50 years ago at the birth of the space age that were capable of providing the required power/frequency product for communications links. This history is similar to that of many other applications (radar, ECM, etc.). More recent history, however, shows that satellite communications payload architecture continues to use TWTAs for the vast majority of downlink amplifier applications while many other types of systems have moved away from TWTAs into alternate amplifier types and/or architectures. This presentation will highlight many of the key differentiating capabilities of modern space qualified TWTAs that have enabled them to maintain and grow a competitive advantage versus solidstate amplifier in satellite communications payloads. These differences are worth noting by designers of all types of systems requiring microwave amplification.","PeriodicalId":113971,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133624501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-04-22DOI: 10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556543
D.V. Yeryomka
In this communication we have examined the primary electron sources for initiating the pulsed terahertz cold-secondary electron emission cathode SWMs. The capability of these sources emitting and injecting the required start up current is evaluated. The causes for an initiation delay and other factors associated with setting the steady oscillation mode at different side cathode currents are elucidated.
{"title":"Types of primary electrons sources for terahertz cold-cathode magnetron “Firing”","authors":"D.V. Yeryomka","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556543","url":null,"abstract":"In this communication we have examined the primary electron sources for initiating the pulsed terahertz cold-secondary electron emission cathode SWMs. The capability of these sources emitting and injecting the required start up current is evaluated. The causes for an initiation delay and other factors associated with setting the steady oscillation mode at different side cathode currents are elucidated.","PeriodicalId":113971,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131451012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-04-22DOI: 10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556537
J. So, G. Park
The transmission characteristic of a one-dimensional array of rectangular holes was examined experimentally at X-band. The resulting frequency response of transmission was found to be dependent on frequency and periodicity of the structure.
{"title":"Role of periodicity in the frequency-dependent transmission of 1D array of rectangular holes","authors":"J. So, G. Park","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556537","url":null,"abstract":"The transmission characteristic of a one-dimensional array of rectangular holes was examined experimentally at X-band. The resulting frequency response of transmission was found to be dependent on frequency and periodicity of the structure.","PeriodicalId":113971,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134188543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-04-22DOI: 10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556392
B. Ribaya, D. Niemann, J. Makarewicz, N. Gunther, C. Nguyen, M. Rahman
In this paper, we present an empirical study of dynamic behavior of an electron source system which incorporates an individual CNT. We propose a representative circuit model that is simple yet particularly valuable for emission current control for each CNT emitter in an array to facilitate high throughput maskless lithography.
{"title":"Dynamic properties of individual carbon nanotube emitters for maskless lithography","authors":"B. Ribaya, D. Niemann, J. Makarewicz, N. Gunther, C. Nguyen, M. Rahman","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556392","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present an empirical study of dynamic behavior of an electron source system which incorporates an individual CNT. We propose a representative circuit model that is simple yet particularly valuable for emission current control for each CNT emitter in an array to facilitate high throughput maskless lithography.","PeriodicalId":113971,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133223423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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