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Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control最新文献

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Prospects of Neem Essential Oil as Bio-Pesticide and Determination of Its Residues in Eggplant Plants During Crop Production Cycle 印楝精油作为生物农药的前景及其在茄子作物生产周期中的残留测定
Pub Date : 2021-07-02 DOI: 10.21608/EAJBSF.2021.181340
Shiry S. Takla, F. El-Dars, A. Amien, M. Rizk
Essential oils and their derivatives are considered alternative means for controlling many harmful insects. As well, their rapid degradation in the environment and increased specificity do not harm beneficial insects. A method for the determination of Neem oil residues in eggplant (Solanum melongenaL.) by GC/Ms Mass is described. In this study, the effect of Neem essential oil (Azadirachta indica Juss) as biopesticide on the economical production of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) was investigated.  Prior to use, the volatile and organic constituents of commercial applied Neem essential oil were identified using FTIR analysis.  After application, Azadirachtin is an active ingredient in neem oil which appears to cause 90% of the effect on most sucking pests. Among them, the major constituents are triterpenes known as limonoids, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Floride and Carbon atoms. Neem oil residues were detected in all samples from eggplant which were collected from the field after 12, 24 days of spraying. It appears that no effective material residue present.
精油及其衍生物被认为是控制许多有害昆虫的替代手段。此外,它们在环境中的快速降解和增加的特异性不会伤害益虫。建立了气相色谱-质谱联用法测定茄子中印楝油残留量的方法。本文研究了印楝精油作为生物农药对茄子(Solanum melongena L.)经济生产的影响。在使用之前,商业应用的印楝精油的挥发性和有机成分使用FTIR分析鉴定。应用后,印楝素是印楝油中的一种活性成分,似乎对大多数吸虫有90%的效果。其中,主要成分是三萜被称为柠檬酮,氮,氧,氟和碳原子。喷施12、24 d后采集的茄子样品均检测到印楝油残留。似乎没有有效物质残留。
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引用次数: 0
Biochemical and Histological Responses of Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Exposed to Sub-lethal Levels of Different Insecticide Classes 不同杀虫剂对红棕榈象甲亚致死水平的生化和组织学反应
Pub Date : 2021-05-18 DOI: 10.21608/eajbsf.2021.211778
F. Ahmed, A. El-Sobki
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引用次数: 3
Effect of Biological Insecticide, Chemical Insecticide and Phosphate Fertilizer on Callosobruchus maculatus (F) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) 生物杀虫剂、化学杀虫剂和磷肥对斑点小圆蚧(鞘翅目:金蛉科)和斑点小圆蚧(鞘翅目:圆蚧科)的防治效果
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.21608/eajbsf.2021.187542
R. Saber, M. Zewar, M. Abdelsattar
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引用次数: 0
Efficacy of Camphor Oil and Its Nano Emulsion on The Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera Littoralis 樟脑油及其纳米乳剂对棉花叶虫的防治效果
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.21608/eajbsf.2021.189668
A. Marouf, F. Harras, Eman A Shehata, G. Abd- Allah
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引用次数: 6
Comparison between the Effectiveness of Certain Insecticides and Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against Tortoise Beetle, Cassida vittata (Vill.) in Sugar Beet Fields and Their Side Effects on Coccinella undecimpunctata 甜菜田几种杀虫剂和昆虫病原线虫防治龟甲的效果及对非影响瓢虫的毒副作用比较
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.21608/eajbsf.2020.133371
M. El-Hassawy, S. Abou-Donia, A. Abdelmonem
The tortoise beetle, Cassida vittata (Vill.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is considered the most serious pest on Sugar beet, Beta vulgaris L. (Chenopodiaceae), in Egypt. Field evaluation of eight insecticides: chlorantraniliprole, thiamethoxam, lufenuron, methomyl, carbosulfan, chlorpyrifos,spinetoram and abamectin comparing with two strains of entomopathogenic nematodes, (EPNs): Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (H88) and Steinernema carpocapsae (S2) against larvae and adults of the C. vittata and their side effects onCoccinella undecimpunctatawas the main goal of this wark,  inhabiting sugar beet fields during 2017 and 2018 sugar beet growing seasons at a field in Biyala, Kafr El Sheikh Governorate, Egypt. Data obtained revealed that chlorpyrifos, carbosulfan and thiamethoxam were the most efficient compounds against larvae and adults of C. vittata. However, chlorantraniliprole, spinetoram, abamectin and methomyl demonstrated a moderate toxic effect. Moreover, lufenuron was nontoxic. Also, data showed that a low effect of entomopathogenic nematodes against C. vittata and safe on C. undecimpunctata. Whereas, all tested insecticides significantly reduced the populationof C. undecimpunctata except lufenuron.
龟甲Cassida vittata (Vill.)(鞘翅目:金龟甲科)被认为是埃及甜菜(甜菜科)最严重的害虫。氯虫腈、噻虫嗪、氟虫腈、灭多威、磺胺、毒死蜱、spinetoram和阿维菌素8种杀虫剂对2株昆虫病原线虫的田间评价在埃及Kafr El Sheikh省Biyala的一块地里,研究了2017年和2018年甜菜生长季节,寄生在甜菜地里的异habditis bacteriophora (H88)和steinerma carpocapsae (S2)对C. vittata幼虫和成虫的抗性及其对未抑制球菌菌的副作用。结果表明,毒死蜱、硫磺胺和噻虫嗪是对维塔蛾幼虫和成虫最有效的药剂。然而,氯虫腈、spinetoram、阿维菌素和灭多威表现出中度毒性作用。此外,氟虫腈是无毒的。此外,昆虫病原线虫对维塔梭菌的作用较低,对非impunctata梭菌是安全的。除氟虫腈外,所有杀虫剂均能显著降低消纹螟的种群数量。
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引用次数: 2
The Efficiency of The Parasitoid, Trichogramma sp. Against Some Date Pests 赤眼蜂对枣树几种害虫的防治效果
Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.21608/eajbsf.2020.133370
Eman S. Elrehewy, N. Nashed, H. El-Banna
The date palm tree and its fruits are attacked by several pests that are well adapted to the Egyptian environment that can cause a loss in yield ranged between 30-70%. To control these pests, chemical insecticides were intensively used. However, using chemical insecticides cannot be reliable and safe for long-term pest management solutions because of many serious problems, such as high economic cost, negative impact on the environment and human health, and some pests develop resistance towards them. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of releasing the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma evanescenes, against some date palm fruits at Al Mansoureyah, Imbaba, Giza Governorate, Egypt during two successive growing season, 2018 and 2019. Two traditional chemicals were also used, Pyriban and sulfur. The results showed the successful release of the parasitoid as the high reduced infestation rate observed during the growing seasons 2018 and 2019 compared to conventional methods. So, T. evanescenes is a successful and reliable control method to be used on long- and short-term strategy.
枣椰树及其果实受到几种很好地适应埃及环境的害虫的攻击,可导致产量损失30-70%。为了控制这些害虫,大量使用化学杀虫剂。然而,由于许多严重的问题,如经济成本高、对环境和人类健康的负面影响,以及一些害虫对化学杀虫剂产生抗药性,使用化学杀虫剂并不是可靠和安全的长期有害生物管理解决方案。因此,本研究旨在调查2018年和2019年连续两个生长季节,在埃及吉萨省因巴巴Al Mansoureyah,对一些枣椰树果实释放卵寄生蜂赤眼蜂的效果。还使用了两种传统化学物质,吡利班和硫。结果表明,与传统方法相比,2018年和2019年生长季节,寄生蜂的成功释放降低了侵染率。因此,在长期和短期策略上,消隐菌是一种成功可靠的控制方法。
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引用次数: 2
Nematicidal Activity of Acetyl Salicylic Acid against Root-Knot Nematode on Tomato Plants. 乙酰水杨酸对番茄根结线虫的杀线虫活性研究。
Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.21608/eajbsf.2020.127980
M. Raddy, A. Marzouk, E. Korrat, E. Hamada
The nematicidal activity of acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) was investigated against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita ) under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The results of the laboratory experiment showed that ASA exhibited nematicdal activity against 2 nd stage juveniles of nematode with a LC 50 value of 150.43 ppm. In the greenhouse experiment, the effect of ASA at three concentrations was tested against root-knot nematode on tomato plants in comparison with oxamyl nematicide as standard treatment. All plants were examined to assess disease severity based on the number of galls per root, egg masses per root, developmental stage within the root system, and average of eggs number per egg mass as well as plant growth characteristics were estimated. The results showed that all tested treatments reduced tomato root galling significantly compared with the untreated treatment. The numbers of galls/root system were (6.33, 12.67, 18.67, and 28.67) for the treatments of oxamyl and 300, 200 and 100 ppm of ASA, respectively, compared with the untreated check (113) and the other parameter were in the same trend. All treatments increased shoot and root weights and lengths compared with the untreated check. In conclusion, ASA has nematicidal activity to suppress root-knot nematode infection in tomato plants. Thus, this approach could be a safe alternative to use chemical nematicides for the management of plant-parasitic nematodes.
研究了乙酰水杨酸(ASA)对根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)的杀线虫活性。室内实验结果表明,ASA对线虫2期幼虫具有向列线虫活性,其LC 50值为150.43 ppm。在温室试验中,比较了三种浓度ASA对番茄根结线虫的防治效果,并与标准处理恶氨酰杀线虫剂进行了比较。根据每根虫瘿数、每根卵团数、根系发育阶段、每卵团平均卵数以及植物生长特征对所有植株进行检查,以评估疾病严重程度。结果表明,与未处理相比,所有处理均显著减少了番茄根瘤病的发生。与未处理(113)相比,oxamyl处理和300、200和100 ppm ASA处理的根瘤数分别为6.33、12.67、18.67和28.67个,其他参数的变化趋势相同。与未经处理的对照相比,所有处理均增加了茎和根的重量和长度。综上所述,ASA具有抑制番茄根结线虫侵染的杀线虫活性。因此,这种方法可以作为化学杀线虫剂管理植物寄生线虫的安全替代方法。
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引用次数: 0
The First Study for The Acaricidal Activity of Alcoholic Extracts of Adiantum capillus-veneris and Funaria hygrometric against Argas persicus 毛茛醇提物和水合木耳醇提物对桃灰蛾杀螨活性的初步研究
Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.21608/eajbsf.2020.123449
M. A. Taha, Asmaa Ali Baioumy Ali
The present study was conducted to investigate the acaricidal activity of ethanolic and methanolic extracts of two Cryptogams plants, namely Adiantum capillus-veneris (fern plant) and Funaria hygrometrica (moss plant) at different concentrations (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) on semi-fed females of Argas persicus (away from their hosts) collected from the field. The percentages of mobile, immobile, and dead females were recorded two-day intervals for 30 days after treatment with all extracts assayed at different concentrations, using the dipping method. The results indicated that all extracts at different concentrations caused a significant decrease in the percentages of mobile ticks and a significant increase in the percentages of dead ones when compared with the control. The acaricidal efficacy of A. capillus-veneris and F. hygrometrica extracts may be attributed to their contents of many active phytochemical constituents that having high potential against ticks. At the highest concentration (4%), the percentage of tick mortality for methanolic extract was more efficient than ethanolic one for both plants recording 100% efficiency for A. capillus-veneris and 50% for F. hygrometrica. So, we recommended using A. capillus-veneris methanolic extract at 4% as a herbal pesticide against A. persicus which have all characters of ideal pesticides; effective (100% acaricidal activity), easily available, cheap, biodegradable (eco-friendly), and do not cause mammalian toxicity.
本研究研究了两种隐门属植物(蕨类植物Adiantum capillus-veneris)和苔类植物(Funaria hygrometrica)不同浓度(1%、2%、3%和4%)的乙醇和甲醇提取物对田间采集的半采食(远离寄主的)巴西银蛾(Argas persicus)雌虫的杀螨活性。用浸渍法测定不同浓度提取物处理后30 d,每隔2天记录活动、不活动和死亡雌性的百分比。结果表明,与对照相比,不同浓度的提取物均显著降低了蜱的流动率,显著提高了蜱的死亡率。毛细刺和湿湿刺提取物的杀螨效果可能是由于其含有许多对蜱具有高潜力的活性植物化学成分。在最高浓度(4%)下,两种植物的甲醇提取物对蜱虫的死亡率均高于乙醇提取物,对毛茛蜱虫的死亡率为100%,对湿化蜱虫的死亡率为50%。因此,我们推荐使用浓度为4%的毛蕊草甲醇提取物作为中草药农药,具有理想农药的所有特性;有效(100%杀螨活性),容易获得,便宜,可生物降解(环保),并且不会对哺乳动物造成毒性。
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引用次数: 4
Evaluating the Efficacy of Insecticides Against the Apple Leaf Miner, Lyonetia clerkella Linn. (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) in Kashmir, India 杀虫剂对苹果叶螨的防治效果评价。(鳞翅目:蛱蝶科)印度克什米尔
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.21608/eajbsf.2020.78131
S. Rather, A. Buhroo, Abdul Lateef Khanday
Lyonetia clerkella Linn. (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) is one of the most destructive insect pests in many parts of the Kashmir valley. In order to find an effective control agent against this lepidopteran pest, we determined the effectiveness of four synthetic insecticides, viz. Dichlorvas 76EC, Chlorpyriphos 20EC, Dimethoate 30EC, and Cartap hydrochloride 4% GR under both field as well as in laboratory conditions. The distilled water was also used as a control in the experiments. The mortality caused by these insecticides was recorded in both larval as well as in adult bioassay experiments. In the larval bioassay experiment, the highest mortality was caused by Cartap hydrochloride 4% GR (93.13%) followed by Dimethoate 30EC (88.97%), whereas in adult bioassay experiment, the highest mortality was caused by Dimethoate 30EC (94.03%). Results obtained in the present study are promising and may be used as a control strategy for the management of this severe leaf miner pest; however, no recommendations concerning the potential use of insecticides for apple orchards can be given, and further studies are needed in this respect, especially under field conditions.
Lyonetia clerkella Linn。(鳞翅目:蛱蝶科)是克什米尔山谷许多地区最具破坏性的害虫之一。为了寻找一种有效的防治剂,我们在野外和实验室条件下测定了四种合成杀虫剂(敌敌畏76EC、毒死蜱20EC、乐果30EC和盐酸卡泰普4% GR)的有效性。蒸馏水也作为实验的对照。在幼虫和成虫生物测定实验中均记录了这些杀虫剂造成的死亡率。在幼虫生物测定试验中,以盐酸卡塔普4% GR致死率最高(93.13%),其次是乐果30EC(88.97%),成虫生物测定试验中以乐果30EC致死率最高(94.03%)。本研究的结果是有希望的,可以作为一种控制策略来管理这一严重的叶螨害虫;但是,不能就苹果果园可能使用的杀虫剂提出建议,这方面需要进一步研究,特别是在田间条件下进行研究。
{"title":"Evaluating the Efficacy of Insecticides Against the Apple Leaf Miner, Lyonetia clerkella Linn. (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) in Kashmir, India","authors":"S. Rather, A. Buhroo, Abdul Lateef Khanday","doi":"10.21608/eajbsf.2020.78131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/eajbsf.2020.78131","url":null,"abstract":"Lyonetia clerkella Linn. (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) is one of the most destructive insect pests in many parts of the Kashmir valley. In order to find an effective control agent against this lepidopteran pest, we determined the effectiveness of four synthetic insecticides, viz. Dichlorvas 76EC, Chlorpyriphos 20EC, Dimethoate 30EC, and Cartap hydrochloride 4% GR under both field as well as in laboratory conditions. The distilled water was also used as a control in the experiments. The mortality caused by these insecticides was recorded in both larval as well as in adult bioassay experiments. In the larval bioassay experiment, the highest mortality was caused by Cartap hydrochloride 4% GR (93.13%) followed by Dimethoate 30EC (88.97%), whereas in adult bioassay experiment, the highest mortality was caused by Dimethoate 30EC (94.03%). Results obtained in the present study are promising and may be used as a control strategy for the management of this severe leaf miner pest; however, no recommendations concerning the potential use of insecticides for apple orchards can be given, and further studies are needed in this respect, especially under field conditions.","PeriodicalId":11401,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85635747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Toxicological Studies and Histopathological Changes on Black Bean Aphid, Aphis craccivora Induced by Entomopathogenic Fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae and Purpureocillium lilacinum 昆虫病原真菌、绿僵菌和紫丁香紫霉诱导黑豆蚜虫、松果蚜的毒理学研究和组织病理学变化
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.21608/eajbsf.2020.97626
S. Desoky, Yasmein A. El Sayed, S. Ibrahim
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History Received:11/5/2020 Accepted:25/6/2020
文章信息摘要文章历史接收日期:11/5/2020接收日期:25/6/2020
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
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