D. Chester, A. Duncan, R. Coutinho, N. Wallenstein
In contrast to the situation only a few years ago, the case for religion being accepted as a vital element in the cultural responses to disasters has been largely accepted by both academic writers and international agencies, such as the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Religions are far more varied in their approaches to natural catastrophes than is frequently recognised or acknowledged by academic writers who are trained and socialised within a 'western' post-Enlightenment tradition. In this paper we seek to demonstrate how detailed religious responses to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions vary even between two societies, southern Italy and the Azores, which are broadly similar in terms of their southern European Catholic religiosity. In southern Italy, popular Catholicism has conflated two approaches to theodicy: the retributive and the Augustinianism (i.e. free-will). Divine wrath may be propitiated through piety and Christian action, which includes worship, repentance, changed conduct and is often associated with well-choreographed ritualistic actions, some of the latter being far removed from Catholic orthodoxy. Such reactions to disaster are not confined to the past but remain strongly embedded in present-day practice. In the Azores a combination of: a history of a better educated and more enlightened church leadership; greater emphasis on praxis following disasters; the growth of the distinctive, egalitarian and pastorally focused Cult do Esparto Santo (i.e. Cult of the Holy Spirit) and the spread of alternative models of theodicy through educational outreach, has produced a strongly contrasting religious response. We conclude that, in the case of the Azores the religious milieu favours active collaboration between the Catholic faith community and the Civil Defence authorities in the aftermath of disasters, whereas this is not the case in southern Italy, although there are some recent signs of change.
与仅仅几年前的情况相反，学术界作家和红十字会和红新月会国际联合会等国际机构基本上都接受了宗教作为对灾害作出文化反应的一个重要因素的观点。宗教对待自然灾害的方法远比那些在“西方”后启蒙传统中受过训练和社交的学术作家所经常认识或承认的要多样化得多。在本文中，我们试图证明，即使在意大利南部和亚速尔群岛这两个社会之间，对地震和火山爆发的详细宗教反应是如何不同的，这两个社会在南欧天主教的宗教信仰方面大致相似。在意大利南部，流行的天主教已经将两种方法合并为神正论:报应论和奥古斯丁主义(即自由意志)。神的愤怒可以通过虔诚和基督教的行为来平息，其中包括崇拜，悔改，改变行为，通常与精心设计的仪式行为有关，后者中的一些与天主教正统教义相去甚远。这种对灾难的反应并不局限于过去，而是深深植根于当今的实践中。在亚速尔群岛，有以下因素:受过更好教育和更开明的教会领导层的历史;更加强调灾后实践;独特的、平等主义的、以牧师为中心的Cult do Esparto Santo(即圣灵崇拜)的发展，以及通过教育推广的神正论的其他模式的传播，产生了强烈对比的宗教反应。我们的结论是，就亚速尔群岛而言，宗教环境有利于天主教信仰团体和民防当局在灾难发生后进行积极合作，而意大利南部的情况并非如此，尽管最近出现了一些变化的迹象。
{"title":"The Role of Religion in Shaping Responses to Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions","authors":"D. Chester, A. Duncan, R. Coutinho, N. Wallenstein","doi":"10.1628/PTSC-2019-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/PTSC-2019-0004","url":null,"abstract":"In contrast to the situation only a few years ago, the case for religion being accepted as a vital element in the cultural responses to disasters has been largely accepted by both academic writers and international agencies, such as the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Religions are far more varied in their approaches to natural catastrophes than is frequently recognised or acknowledged by academic writers who are trained and socialised within a 'western' post-Enlightenment tradition. In this paper we seek to demonstrate how detailed religious responses to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions vary even between two societies, southern Italy and the Azores, which are broadly similar in terms of their southern European Catholic religiosity. In southern Italy, popular Catholicism has conflated two approaches to theodicy: the retributive and the Augustinianism (i.e. free-will). Divine wrath may be propitiated through piety and Christian action, which includes worship, repentance, changed conduct and is often associated with well-choreographed ritualistic actions, some of the latter being far removed from Catholic orthodoxy. Such reactions to disaster are not confined to the past but remain strongly embedded in present-day practice. In the Azores a combination of: a history of a better educated and more enlightened church leadership; greater emphasis on praxis following disasters; the growth of the distinctive, egalitarian and pastorally focused Cult do Esparto Santo (i.e. Cult of the Holy Spirit) and the spread of alternative models of theodicy through educational outreach, has produced a strongly contrasting religious response. We conclude that, in the case of the Azores the religious milieu favours active collaboration between the Catholic faith community and the Civil Defence authorities in the aftermath of disasters, whereas this is not the case in southern Italy, although there are some recent signs of change.","PeriodicalId":114102,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy, Theology and the Sciences","volume":"37 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123600236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Roots of Gratitude in Non-Human Cooperation","authors":"A. Davison","doi":"10.1628/ptsc-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/ptsc-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114102,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy, Theology and the Sciences","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121887762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Josh Reeves. Against Methodology in Science and Religion: Recent Debates on Rationality and Theology. London: Routledge, 2019. 140 pp.","authors":"R. Mullins","doi":"10.1628/ptsc-2019-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/ptsc-2019-0020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114102,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy, Theology and the Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124720190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Epilogue on the Roots of Gratitude","authors":"P. Spikins","doi":"10.1628/ptsc-2022-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/ptsc-2022-0010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114102,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy, Theology and the Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129206958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tim Hutchings and Claire Chavaz, eds. Digital Humanities and Christianity","authors":"Michael Fuller","doi":"10.1628/ptsc-2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/ptsc-2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114102,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy, Theology and the Sciences","volume":"15 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133704313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gratitude as a Tree of Life","authors":"H. Wiseman","doi":"10.1628/ptsc-2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/ptsc-2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114102,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy, Theology and the Sciences","volume":"235 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122954357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Irenaeus' Gratitude and Derrida's Gift: Time, Death, Life","authors":"J. Behr","doi":"10.1628/ptsc-2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/ptsc-2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114102,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy, Theology and the Sciences","volume":"162 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116211224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Imperative Embodiment","authors":"E. Green","doi":"10.1628/ptsc-2020-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/ptsc-2020-0005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114102,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy, Theology and the Sciences","volume":"72 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133391331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Endangered Self as a Challenge to Religion","authors":"J. Henriksen","doi":"10.1628/ptsc-2019-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1628/ptsc-2019-0006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114102,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy, Theology and the Sciences","volume":"1 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113957410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：