Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.1093/MED-PSYCH/9780190635176.003.0017
S. Minter
This chapter examines the legal issues faced by transgender people in divorce and child custody cases. Despite trans people’s increased visibility, and gains in legal rights and protections, many people—including judges—continue to harbor misconceptions about transgender people. Attorneys representing transgender clients must anticipate the possibility of judicial bias and take proactive steps to address it. Attorneys must be prepared for the unique legal issues that arise when a spouse transitions during an existing marriage. Even under modern “no-fault” divorce regimes, attorneys must be prepared to rebut the claim that coming out as transgender constitutes misconduct or justifies awarding the other spouse more marital property or spousal support. In custody cases, attorneys must anticipate and rebut misinformation and negative judicial attitudes toward transgender parents. Finally, even after Obergefell v. Hodges (2015), attorneys representing transgender clients who married before Obergefell must be prepared to explain why that decision is retroactive.
{"title":"Legal Issues in Divorce for Transgender Individuals","authors":"S. Minter","doi":"10.1093/MED-PSYCH/9780190635176.003.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED-PSYCH/9780190635176.003.0017","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the legal issues faced by transgender people in divorce and child custody cases. Despite trans people’s increased visibility, and gains in legal rights and protections, many people—including judges—continue to harbor misconceptions about transgender people. Attorneys representing transgender clients must anticipate the possibility of judicial bias and take proactive steps to address it. Attorneys must be prepared for the unique legal issues that arise when a spouse transitions during an existing marriage. Even under modern “no-fault” divorce regimes, attorneys must be prepared to rebut the claim that coming out as transgender constitutes misconduct or justifies awarding the other spouse more marital property or spousal support. In custody cases, attorneys must anticipate and rebut misinformation and negative judicial attitudes toward transgender parents. Finally, even after Obergefell v. Hodges (2015), attorneys representing transgender clients who married before Obergefell must be prepared to explain why that decision is retroactive.","PeriodicalId":114134,"journal":{"name":"LGBTQ Divorce and Relationship Dissolution","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128087707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.1093/MED-PSYCH/9780190635176.003.0015
Mark Gianino, Elisabeth Sackton
This chapter examines important dimensions of assessment and intervention with same-sex parent couples who choose to dissolve their relationship during the course of treatment, or seek therapy after having made the decision to end their relationship. Unique aspects of therapy with same-sex separated parent couples are illustrated through case examples, and multicultural dimensions of the therapeutic work are emphasized. Special attention is paid to the impact of various forms of oppression on same-sex parenting couples who are separating in the context of societal homophobia and heterosexism. Recommendations for how to facilitate resiliency with these couples are offered. Specific areas of focus include (1) establishing goals for treatment; (2) determining whether the parents can work together on parenting issues; (3) structuring conjoint therapy or referral to a parenting coordinator with medium- and high-conflict couples; (4) establishing a therapist orientation and position that facilitates progress; and (5) the role of individual therapy.
{"title":"From Conflict to Co-Parenting","authors":"Mark Gianino, Elisabeth Sackton","doi":"10.1093/MED-PSYCH/9780190635176.003.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED-PSYCH/9780190635176.003.0015","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines important dimensions of assessment and intervention with same-sex parent couples who choose to dissolve their relationship during the course of treatment, or seek therapy after having made the decision to end their relationship. Unique aspects of therapy with same-sex separated parent couples are illustrated through case examples, and multicultural dimensions of the therapeutic work are emphasized. Special attention is paid to the impact of various forms of oppression on same-sex parenting couples who are separating in the context of societal homophobia and heterosexism. Recommendations for how to facilitate resiliency with these couples are offered. Specific areas of focus include (1) establishing goals for treatment; (2) determining whether the parents can work together on parenting issues; (3) structuring conjoint therapy or referral to a parenting coordinator with medium- and high-conflict couples; (4) establishing a therapist orientation and position that facilitates progress; and (5) the role of individual therapy.","PeriodicalId":114134,"journal":{"name":"LGBTQ Divorce and Relationship Dissolution","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128024182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.1093/MED-PSYCH/9780190635176.003.0003
Wendy D. Manning, K. Joyner
The recent US Supreme Court decision to legalize marriages of same-sex couples has resulted in a surge of new marriages, and some end in divorce. There is a limited research base to draw on to understand the potential patterns and correlates of divorce among same-sex couples. There are only a few recent studies on the instability or dissolution of same-sex relationships in the United States in part because there are only a handful of data sources with large enough samples of same-sex couples that can be used to analyze the instability of same-sex relationships and compare their stability to different-sex relationships. The chapter reviews recent findings on the dissolution of same-sex relationships in Europe and the United States with a focus on the legal status of the relationship, noting areas for future research. It discusses potential opportunities and challenges in new studies of divorce and dissolution among same-sex couples.
{"title":"Demographic Approaches to Same-Sex Relationship Dissolution and Divorce","authors":"Wendy D. Manning, K. Joyner","doi":"10.1093/MED-PSYCH/9780190635176.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED-PSYCH/9780190635176.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"The recent US Supreme Court decision to legalize marriages of same-sex couples has resulted in a surge of new marriages, and some end in divorce. There is a limited research base to draw on to understand the potential patterns and correlates of divorce among same-sex couples. There are only a few recent studies on the instability or dissolution of same-sex relationships in the United States in part because there are only a handful of data sources with large enough samples of same-sex couples that can be used to analyze the instability of same-sex relationships and compare their stability to different-sex relationships. The chapter reviews recent findings on the dissolution of same-sex relationships in Europe and the United States with a focus on the legal status of the relationship, noting areas for future research. It discusses potential opportunities and challenges in new studies of divorce and dissolution among same-sex couples.","PeriodicalId":114134,"journal":{"name":"LGBTQ Divorce and Relationship Dissolution","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131426052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.1093/med-psych/9780190635176.003.0004
S. Rostosky, E. Riggle
This chapter asks, What contributes to the stability of same-sex couples?—or, in other words, Why do same-sex couples stay together? First, it reviews and critiques the empirical literature on stability and longevity in same-sex couple relationships. It then argues for the utility of more consistently integrating theories from relationship science that focus on investments, commitment, and intimate relationship interaction processes with the theory of minority stress. It suggests this integration will better reflect the lived experience of social stigma that continues to influence same-sex relationship stability. It ends with suggestions for future research to increase knowledge needed to build supportive, evidence-based interventions.
{"title":"What Makes Same-Sex Relationships Endure?","authors":"S. Rostosky, E. Riggle","doi":"10.1093/med-psych/9780190635176.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190635176.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter asks, What contributes to the stability of same-sex couples?—or, in other words, Why do same-sex couples stay together? First, it reviews and critiques the empirical literature on stability and longevity in same-sex couple relationships. It then argues for the utility of more consistently integrating theories from relationship science that focus on investments, commitment, and intimate relationship interaction processes with the theory of minority stress. It suggests this integration will better reflect the lived experience of social stigma that continues to influence same-sex relationship stability. It ends with suggestions for future research to increase knowledge needed to build supportive, evidence-based interventions.","PeriodicalId":114134,"journal":{"name":"LGBTQ Divorce and Relationship Dissolution","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116055552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.1093/med-psych/9780190635176.003.0021
F. Hertz
There is no such thing as “gay marriage.” Rather, it is “straight” marital law that is applied to same-sex couples, with its well-established heteronormative rules of shared assets and debts, potential obligation for postseparation financial support, and marriage-based rules of parentage. While marriage equality is rightly celebrated as a civil rights victory, it has resulted in a host of unanticipated challenges for couples dealing with the break-up of their marital or registered partnership/civil union relationships. This is especially true for recently married couples that lived together for decades as an unmarried couple due to the inability to marry. This chapter describes the recurring challenges faced by same-sex couples seen through the lens of a variety of case examples, as observed by a California family law attorney and mediator who specializes in same-sex dissolutions, and who has been working with the LGBT community for more than thirty years.
{"title":"Emerging Legal Issues in Same-Sex Divorces","authors":"F. Hertz","doi":"10.1093/med-psych/9780190635176.003.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190635176.003.0021","url":null,"abstract":"There is no such thing as “gay marriage.” Rather, it is “straight” marital law that is applied to same-sex couples, with its well-established heteronormative rules of shared assets and debts, potential obligation for postseparation financial support, and marriage-based rules of parentage. While marriage equality is rightly celebrated as a civil rights victory, it has resulted in a host of unanticipated challenges for couples dealing with the break-up of their marital or registered partnership/civil union relationships. This is especially true for recently married couples that lived together for decades as an unmarried couple due to the inability to marry. This chapter describes the recurring challenges faced by same-sex couples seen through the lens of a variety of case examples, as observed by a California family law attorney and mediator who specializes in same-sex dissolutions, and who has been working with the LGBT community for more than thirty years.","PeriodicalId":114134,"journal":{"name":"LGBTQ Divorce and Relationship Dissolution","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121379987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.1093/MED-PSYCH/9780190635176.003.0014
A. Sachs
In this reflexive autoethnography, the author uses performative writing and evocative personal narrative to recount the dissolution of his parents’ relationship and explore the implications of such dissolutions for children of same-sex relationships. The lack of legal and social support structures available to LGBTQ families in the 1980s, and the prevalence of anti-LGBTQ rhetoric focused on the effects of LGBTQ parents on children, both increased the already traumatic impact of family dissolution on the author. As a child, like members of many groups under “political threat,” the author feared that discussing the difficulty of his parents’ separation would validate anti-LGBTQ rhetoric. For the author, labeling the dissolution of his parents’ relationship as “divorce,” and finding friendship with other young people from divorced families, was insufficient; only peer support from other people with LGBTQ parents helped the author to find a safe space to share the trauma of parental relationship dissolution.
{"title":"Tying Tight or Splitting Up","authors":"A. Sachs","doi":"10.1093/MED-PSYCH/9780190635176.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED-PSYCH/9780190635176.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"In this reflexive autoethnography, the author uses performative writing and evocative personal narrative to recount the dissolution of his parents’ relationship and explore the implications of such dissolutions for children of same-sex relationships. The lack of legal and social support structures available to LGBTQ families in the 1980s, and the prevalence of anti-LGBTQ rhetoric focused on the effects of LGBTQ parents on children, both increased the already traumatic impact of family dissolution on the author. As a child, like members of many groups under “political threat,” the author feared that discussing the difficulty of his parents’ separation would validate anti-LGBTQ rhetoric. For the author, labeling the dissolution of his parents’ relationship as “divorce,” and finding friendship with other young people from divorced families, was insufficient; only peer support from other people with LGBTQ parents helped the author to find a safe space to share the trauma of parental relationship dissolution.","PeriodicalId":114134,"journal":{"name":"LGBTQ Divorce and Relationship Dissolution","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131211440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.1093/MED-PSYCH/9780190635176.003.0005
D. Frost, A. LeBlanc
Due to the stigmatization of their relationships, people in same-sex couples are at risk for exposure to forms of social stress that those in different-sex couples are not. This chapter discusses how these “couple-level minority stressors,” which may be individually experienced as well as jointly experienced with a partner, may have deleterious effects and lead to relationship dissolution and divorce among same-sex couples. Moreover, it describes potential stress processes emanating from discrepancies in minority stress experiences and stress contagion between partners in same-sex relationships, which may contribute to relationship dissolution in previously unexamined ways. The chapter discusses the role resilience resources may play in same-sex couples’ experiences of minority stress, potentially mediating or moderating its effects on relationship quality, and concludes by considering how better understandings of minority stress in relational contexts can deepen emerging understandings of relationship dissolution in same-sex couples and inform psychological interventions for those seeking help.
{"title":"Stress in the Lives of Same-Sex Couples","authors":"D. Frost, A. LeBlanc","doi":"10.1093/MED-PSYCH/9780190635176.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED-PSYCH/9780190635176.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the stigmatization of their relationships, people in same-sex couples are at risk for exposure to forms of social stress that those in different-sex couples are not. This chapter discusses how these “couple-level minority stressors,” which may be individually experienced as well as jointly experienced with a partner, may have deleterious effects and lead to relationship dissolution and divorce among same-sex couples. Moreover, it describes potential stress processes emanating from discrepancies in minority stress experiences and stress contagion between partners in same-sex relationships, which may contribute to relationship dissolution in previously unexamined ways. The chapter discusses the role resilience resources may play in same-sex couples’ experiences of minority stress, potentially mediating or moderating its effects on relationship quality, and concludes by considering how better understandings of minority stress in relational contexts can deepen emerging understandings of relationship dissolution in same-sex couples and inform psychological interventions for those seeking help.","PeriodicalId":114134,"journal":{"name":"LGBTQ Divorce and Relationship Dissolution","volume":"9 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115809468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.1093/MED-PSYCH/9780190635176.003.0011
Kimberly Pearson
This chapter discusses how families headed by LGBTQ people can engage in transformative advocacy during child custody disputes. It presents cases that demonstrate how parental sexual orientation identity can be used to bolster parental claims of fitness and bids for more custodial time with a child. It discusses how advocacy efforts for same-sex marriage and equal treatment of LGBTQ parents have often used assimilative strategies to gain legal protection. Now that many state jurisdictions expand and align their marriage-related rules to include child custody decisions, it is likely that courts will rely on assimilative narratives when making custody decisions for children of LGBTQ parents. As a result, LGBTQ families that fall outside of the stereotypical monogamous, white, wealthy, family configuration may find themselves precluded from legal protection. Deploying a wider range of LGBTQ-positive arguments in child custody cases could help courts recognize ongoing forms of bias against LGBTQ families.
{"title":"Child Custody in the Context of LGBTQ Relationship Dissolution and Divorce","authors":"Kimberly Pearson","doi":"10.1093/MED-PSYCH/9780190635176.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED-PSYCH/9780190635176.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses how families headed by LGBTQ people can engage in transformative advocacy during child custody disputes. It presents cases that demonstrate how parental sexual orientation identity can be used to bolster parental claims of fitness and bids for more custodial time with a child. It discusses how advocacy efforts for same-sex marriage and equal treatment of LGBTQ parents have often used assimilative strategies to gain legal protection. Now that many state jurisdictions expand and align their marriage-related rules to include child custody decisions, it is likely that courts will rely on assimilative narratives when making custody decisions for children of LGBTQ parents. As a result, LGBTQ families that fall outside of the stereotypical monogamous, white, wealthy, family configuration may find themselves precluded from legal protection. Deploying a wider range of LGBTQ-positive arguments in child custody cases could help courts recognize ongoing forms of bias against LGBTQ families.","PeriodicalId":114134,"journal":{"name":"LGBTQ Divorce and Relationship Dissolution","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116033351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.1093/MED-PSYCH/9780190635176.003.0022
G. Yep, Rebecca N. Gigi, Briana E. Avila
This chapter addresses the complex interplay between voice and silence in US LGBT communities. In terms of voice, the chapter focuses on Evan Wolfson, founder of Freedom to Marry and colloquially known as “Mr. Gay Marriage,” whose public comments on same-sex divorce before and after the Supreme Court ruling on marriage equality focused on two central themes: (1) fairness and (2) protection. In terms of silence, the chapter focuses on the largely absent discourse about same-sex divorce in mainstream LGBT online media to explore its multiple meanings. The analysis explores three major themes: (1) that same-sex divorce is a recent phenomenon, (2) that same-sex divorce may not be relevant to unconventional long-term relationships, and (3) that creation of a pseudo charmed circle suppresses the visibility of same-sex divorce. The chapter concludes by exploring the implications of the multiple meanings of voice and silence surrounding same-sex relational dissolution.
{"title":"Exploring the Polysemy of Voice and Silence","authors":"G. Yep, Rebecca N. Gigi, Briana E. Avila","doi":"10.1093/MED-PSYCH/9780190635176.003.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED-PSYCH/9780190635176.003.0022","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter addresses the complex interplay between voice and silence in US LGBT communities. In terms of voice, the chapter focuses on Evan Wolfson, founder of Freedom to Marry and colloquially known as “Mr. Gay Marriage,” whose public comments on same-sex divorce before and after the Supreme Court ruling on marriage equality focused on two central themes: (1) fairness and (2) protection. In terms of silence, the chapter focuses on the largely absent discourse about same-sex divorce in mainstream LGBT online media to explore its multiple meanings. The analysis explores three major themes: (1) that same-sex divorce is a recent phenomenon, (2) that same-sex divorce may not be relevant to unconventional long-term relationships, and (3) that creation of a pseudo charmed circle suppresses the visibility of same-sex divorce. The chapter concludes by exploring the implications of the multiple meanings of voice and silence surrounding same-sex relational dissolution.","PeriodicalId":114134,"journal":{"name":"LGBTQ Divorce and Relationship Dissolution","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125940519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.1093/med-psych/9780190635176.003.0019
Amanda Veldorale-Griffin
In this chapter, the author presents her experience as the daughter of a transgender woman who transitioned when the author was a child. The author explores her experience coming to terms with her father’s gender identity, managing her own fears of stigma and harassment from others, and navigating her parents’ divorce. She also discusses her journey to becoming a family therapist and family science researcher whose work focuses on transgender individuals and family dynamics. This chapter also includes a brief overview of the author’s research with transgender parents and their children and a discussion of best practices for therapists working with these families.
{"title":"A Daughter of a Transgender Parent’s Perspective on Relationship Dissolution","authors":"Amanda Veldorale-Griffin","doi":"10.1093/med-psych/9780190635176.003.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190635176.003.0019","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, the author presents her experience as the daughter of a transgender woman who transitioned when the author was a child. The author explores her experience coming to terms with her father’s gender identity, managing her own fears of stigma and harassment from others, and navigating her parents’ divorce. She also discusses her journey to becoming a family therapist and family science researcher whose work focuses on transgender individuals and family dynamics. This chapter also includes a brief overview of the author’s research with transgender parents and their children and a discussion of best practices for therapists working with these families.","PeriodicalId":114134,"journal":{"name":"LGBTQ Divorce and Relationship Dissolution","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126209248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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