Редакция сожалеет, что в опубликованной версии тезиса доклада произведения инициал отчества автора М. Лебедевой был указан как А вместо В. Имя автора — Лебедева Марина Валерьевна. Редакция уверена, что допущенная ошибка не могла существенно повлиять на восприятие произведения и интерпретацию информации читателями. В электронной форме на сайте журнала ошибка исправлена, файл статьи и выпуска обновлены.
编辑部感到遗憾的是，在已发表的论文版本中，作者 M. 列别杰娃的父名首字母被标为 A 而非 V。编辑部确信，这一错误不会对读者对作品和信息的理解产生重大影响。在期刊网站的电子版中，该错误已被更正，文章文件和期刊也已更新。
{"title":"Erratum to “The strong base for using base editing in plants” (doi: 10.17816/ecogen567885)","authors":"","doi":"10.17816/ecogen630239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/ecogen630239","url":null,"abstract":"Редакция сожалеет, что в опубликованной версии тезиса доклада произведения инициал отчества автора М. Лебедевой был указан как А вместо В. Имя автора — Лебедева Марина Валерьевна. Редакция уверена, что допущенная ошибка не могла существенно повлиять на восприятие произведения и интерпретацию информации читателями. В электронной форме на сайте журнала ошибка исправлена, файл статьи и выпуска обновлены.","PeriodicalId":11431,"journal":{"name":"Ecological genetics","volume":"19 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: In the literature, data on the successful production of high-protein pea root cultures with mutant alleles tl and af tl and their biochemical characteristics are not presented. AIM: The aim of this study is the biochemical characteristic of the obtained transformed cultures of mutant pea lines with a modified leaf morphotype was. Rol genes clarification of transformed pea mutant lines by wild strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes and amino acid analysis of the total protein of the obtained roots cultures were objectives of the research. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total DNA has been isolated from pea mutant root cultures. The studies were carried out on the equipment of the thermal cycler Tertsik of the company DNA-Technology (Russia). Amplicons were detected by electrophoresis in a 2% agarose gel. The gel was visualized and photographed under ultraviolet light (λ = 312 nm). The quantitative and qualitative amino acid composition of root cultures was determined by ion exchange chromatography on the amino acid analyzer AAA-339 (Microtechna, Czech Republic). RESULTS: PCR analysis revealed the absence of agrobacterial contamination in the transformed cultures and their stable growth on liquid and agar hormone-free media for 5 years. PCR assay showed the presence of rol C and D genes in culture with the tltl genotype and four rol genes A, B, C, and D in culture with the afaftltl genotype. A differentiated content of a number of amino acids in the biomass of transformed cultures was found depending on the genotype of the culture and the insertion of rol genes. Seven essential amino acids were identified in both cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Tryptophan turned out to be the limiting essential amino acid for both cultures. In terms of the sum of essential, ketogenic and sulfur-containing amino acids, the culture with the rol genes A, B, C, and D turned out to be the richest and most balanced.
背景：在文献中，没有关于用突变等位基因 tl 和 af tl 成功生产高蛋白豌豆根培养物及其生化特性的数据。目的：本研究旨在研究叶片形态发生改变的突变豌豆品系转化培养物的生化特征。通过根瘤农杆菌野生菌株对转化的豌豆突变品系进行 Rol 基因鉴定，并对获得的根系培养物的总蛋白质进行氨基酸分析，也是本研究的目标。材料与方法：从豌豆突变根培养物中分离出总 DNA。研究在 DNA-Technology 公司（俄罗斯）的 Tertsik 热循环仪设备上进行。扩增子在 2% 琼脂糖凝胶中电泳检测。凝胶在紫外线（λ = 312 nm）下显影并拍照。在氨基酸分析仪 AAA-339 （Microtechna，捷克共和国）上用离子交换色谱法测定根培养物的氨基酸定量和定性组成。结果：PCR 分析表明，转化培养物中没有农业细菌污染，并且在液体和琼脂无激素培养基上稳定生长了 5 年。PCR 检测显示，在 tltl 基因型的培养物中存在 C 和 D 罗尔基因，在 afaftltl 基因型的培养物中存在 A、B、C 和 D 四个罗尔基因。根据培养物的基因型和rol基因的插入情况，在转化培养物的生物质中发现了多种氨基酸的不同含量。在两种培养物中都发现了七种必需氨基酸。结论：色氨酸是两种培养物的限制性必需氨基酸。就必需氨基酸、生酮氨基酸和含硫氨基酸的总和而言，带有rol基因A、B、C和D的培养物最丰富、最均衡。
{"title":"Hairy roots biochemical characteristics of vegetable pea’s morphotype with modified leaf","authors":"O. Timina, O. Timin, A. Stepanova","doi":"10.17816/ecogen622926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/ecogen622926","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: In the literature, data on the successful production of high-protein pea root cultures with mutant alleles tl and af tl and their biochemical characteristics are not presented. \u0000AIM: The aim of this study is the biochemical characteristic of the obtained transformed cultures of mutant pea lines with a modified leaf morphotype was. Rol genes clarification of transformed pea mutant lines by wild strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes and amino acid analysis of the total protein of the obtained roots cultures were objectives of the research. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total DNA has been isolated from pea mutant root cultures. The studies were carried out on the equipment of the thermal cycler Tertsik of the company DNA-Technology (Russia). Amplicons were detected by electrophoresis in a 2% agarose gel. The gel was visualized and photographed under ultraviolet light (λ = 312 nm). The quantitative and qualitative amino acid composition of root cultures was determined by ion exchange chromatography on the amino acid analyzer AAA-339 (Microtechna, Czech Republic). \u0000RESULTS: PCR analysis revealed the absence of agrobacterial contamination in the transformed cultures and their stable growth on liquid and agar hormone-free media for 5 years. PCR assay showed the presence of rol C and D genes in culture with the tltl genotype and four rol genes A, B, C, and D in culture with the afaftltl genotype. A differentiated content of a number of amino acids in the biomass of transformed cultures was found depending on the genotype of the culture and the insertion of rol genes. Seven essential amino acids were identified in both cultures. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: Tryptophan turned out to be the limiting essential amino acid for both cultures. In terms of the sum of essential, ketogenic and sulfur-containing amino acids, the culture with the rol genes A, B, C, and D turned out to be the richest and most balanced.","PeriodicalId":11431,"journal":{"name":"Ecological genetics","volume":"52 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140980996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. A. Khusnutdinov, Maria A. Panfilova, M. Terekhov, E. Mikhaylova
BACKGROUND: Identification of target genes responsible for visible phenotypic effect may contribute to the development of transgene-free bioengineering strategies and application of crop varieties with edited genome. CAPRICE (CPC) is a single-repeat R3 MYB transcription factor, involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis and trichome formation. It is assumed that CPC controls the expression of Dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR), a key gene of anthocyanin biosynthesis. AIM: The aim of the study was to determine whether knockout of the CPC gene using CRISPR/Cas9 results in visible anthocyanin accumulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three guide RNAs were designed to excise a MYB domain from the CPC gene of Arabidopsis thaliana. Anthocyanin content and expression of CPC and DFR genes were studied in edited plants. RESULTS: The expected 662 bp deletion was detected in 2,7% of glufosinate-resistant plants, however none of the mutations were homozygous. Four edited lines were studied in four generations. An upregulation of the DFR gene was observed in edited lines, however CPC gene expression, anthocyanin content and trichome development were not significantly different from those in control plants. Moreover, in A. thaliana pigmentation did not directly depend on DFR or CPC gene expression. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that CPC gene is involved in regulation of DFR gene expression and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, however in case of mutations plants might utilize other transcription factors to maintain homeostasis. Therefore, CPC gene is not a suitable target for CRISPR/Cas studies in Arabidopsis.
{"title":"CRISPR/Cas editing of a CPC gene in Arabidopsis thaliana","authors":"E. A. Khusnutdinov, Maria A. Panfilova, M. Terekhov, E. Mikhaylova","doi":"10.17816/ecogen624373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/ecogen624373","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Identification of target genes responsible for visible phenotypic effect may contribute to the development of transgene-free bioengineering strategies and application of crop varieties with edited genome. CAPRICE (CPC) is a single-repeat R3 MYB transcription factor, involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis and trichome formation. It is assumed that CPC controls the expression of Dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR), a key gene of anthocyanin biosynthesis. \u0000AIM: The aim of the study was to determine whether knockout of the CPC gene using CRISPR/Cas9 results in visible anthocyanin accumulation. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three guide RNAs were designed to excise a MYB domain from the CPC gene of Arabidopsis thaliana. Anthocyanin content and expression of CPC and DFR genes were studied in edited plants. \u0000RESULTS: The expected 662 bp deletion was detected in 2,7% of glufosinate-resistant plants, however none of the mutations were homozygous. Four edited lines were studied in four generations. An upregulation of the DFR gene was observed in edited lines, however CPC gene expression, anthocyanin content and trichome development were not significantly different from those in control plants. Moreover, in A. thaliana pigmentation did not directly depend on DFR or CPC gene expression. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that CPC gene is involved in regulation of DFR gene expression and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, however in case of mutations plants might utilize other transcription factors to maintain homeostasis. Therefore, CPC gene is not a suitable target for CRISPR/Cas studies in Arabidopsis.","PeriodicalId":11431,"journal":{"name":"Ecological genetics","volume":"19 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140980114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The review discusses a range of classical and modern methods used to determine the nucleotide sequence of unknown DNA regions flanking known ones. These methods are applied to decipher the regulatory regions of genes, identify integration sites of T-DNA or viruses, and so on, in cases where the use of whole-genome sequencing is not justified. To amplify a DNA segment, a binding site for a primer must be added to the end of the unknown sequence. This can be achieved either by ligating an adapter or by annealing a degenerate primer under gentle conditions, or by looping the DNA fragment so that the target region is surrounded by known sequences. The second important task is to eliminate the inevitable products of nonspecific binding of adapters or degenerate primers, which is often resolved through multiple rounds of nested PCR. Different methods vary significantly in terms of complexity, prevalence, and the availability of required reagents.
本综述讨论了一系列用于确定已知DNA区域侧翼未知DNA区域核苷酸序列的经典和现代方法。这些方法可用于破译基因的调控区、确定 T-DNA 或病毒的整合位点等，在不适合使用全基因组测序的情况下也可使用。要扩增 DNA 片段，必须在未知序列的末端添加引物的结合位点。这可以通过连接适配器或在温和条件下退火退化引物来实现，也可以通过循环 DNA 片段，使目标区域被已知序列包围。第二项重要任务是消除适配体或退化引物非特异性结合的必然产物，这通常通过多轮嵌套 PCR 来解决。不同的方法在复杂性、普遍性和所需试剂的可用性方面存在很大差异。
{"title":"PCR-based genome walking methods (review)","authors":"Elena S. Okulova, M. Burlakovskiy, L. A. Lutova","doi":"10.17816/ecogen624820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/ecogen624820","url":null,"abstract":"The review discusses a range of classical and modern methods used to determine the nucleotide sequence of unknown DNA regions flanking known ones. These methods are applied to decipher the regulatory regions of genes, identify integration sites of T-DNA or viruses, and so on, in cases where the use of whole-genome sequencing is not justified. To amplify a DNA segment, a binding site for a primer must be added to the end of the unknown sequence. This can be achieved either by ligating an adapter or by annealing a degenerate primer under gentle conditions, or by looping the DNA fragment so that the target region is surrounded by known sequences. The second important task is to eliminate the inevitable products of nonspecific binding of adapters or degenerate primers, which is often resolved through multiple rounds of nested PCR. Different methods vary significantly in terms of complexity, prevalence, and the availability of required reagents.","PeriodicalId":11431,"journal":{"name":"Ecological genetics","volume":"22 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140982237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article deals with the 20th anniversary of the publication of the first issue of the Journal “Ecological Genetics”. The authors list the main prerequisites that determined the creation of the Journal with the aim of combining scientific research conducted in different areas of ecological genetics. The modern vision of ecological genetics within the framework of general biology is emphasized.
{"title":"Ecological genetics. What is it? 20 years later","authors":"Sergei G. Inge-Vechtomov, L. Barabanova","doi":"10.17816/ecogen625425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/ecogen625425","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with the 20th anniversary of the publication of the first issue of the Journal “Ecological Genetics”. The authors list the main prerequisites that determined the creation of the Journal with the aim of combining scientific research conducted in different areas of ecological genetics. The modern vision of ecological genetics within the framework of general biology is emphasized.","PeriodicalId":11431,"journal":{"name":"Ecological genetics","volume":"145 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139840016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article deals with the 20th anniversary of the publication of the first issue of the Journal “Ecological Genetics”. The authors list the main prerequisites that determined the creation of the Journal with the aim of combining scientific research conducted in different areas of ecological genetics. The modern vision of ecological genetics within the framework of general biology is emphasized.
{"title":"Ecological genetics. What is it? 20 years later","authors":"Sergei G. Inge-Vechtomov, L. Barabanova","doi":"10.17816/ecogen625425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/ecogen625425","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with the 20th anniversary of the publication of the first issue of the Journal “Ecological Genetics”. The authors list the main prerequisites that determined the creation of the Journal with the aim of combining scientific research conducted in different areas of ecological genetics. The modern vision of ecological genetics within the framework of general biology is emphasized.","PeriodicalId":11431,"journal":{"name":"Ecological genetics","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139780155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Changes in mutation rates can significantly impact population size and its genetic structure, leading to the emergence of new traits and species. At the same time, the destabilization of genetic material is the main cause of hereditary and oncological diseases and aging. M.E. Lobashev was the first to point out the connection between mutations and repair. He introduced the concept of a premutation state or primary lesion of genetic material and suggested that mutagenesis is a physiological process in which mutations occurs during the repair of damaged genetic material due to non-identical restoration of its structure. The theories of M. E. Lobashev laid the groundwork for understanding the causes and mechanisms of inherited changes in genetic material, which have been experimentally confirmed in studies of replication, repair, and recombination. It is now known that mutations arise through a multistep process over time, due to ambiguity of one of template processes – DNA synthesis. Recent research made it possible to establish the physical nature of primary lesions and mutations, to develop various methods for their identification, and estimate the impact of primary lesions and mutations in the phenotype formation.
突变率的变化会对种群数量及其遗传结构产生重大影响，从而导致新性状和新物种的出现。同时，遗传物质的不稳定性也是遗传病、肿瘤和衰老的主要原因。洛巴舍夫（M.E. Lobashev）是第一个指出突变与修复之间联系的人。他提出了 "突变前状态 "或 "遗传物质原发性病变 "的概念，并认为突变是一个生理过程，在修复受损遗传物质的过程中，由于结构的非相同性恢复而发生突变。洛巴舍夫（M. E. Lobashev）的理论为理解遗传物质遗传变化的原因和机制奠定了基础，这些理论在复制、修复和重组研究中得到了实验证实。现在人们已经知道，由于模板过程之一--DNA 合成--的模棱两可，突变是通过长期的多步骤过程产生的。最近的研究使我们有可能确定原发性病变和突变的物理本质，开发各种方法来识别它们，并估计原发性病变和突变对表型形成的影响。
{"title":"M. E. Lobashev’s physiological theory of the mutation process and the formation of contemporary views on mutational changes in genetic material","authors":"A. Zhuk, E. Stepchenkova, S. G. Inge-Vechtomov","doi":"10.17816/ecogen623886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/ecogen623886","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in mutation rates can significantly impact population size and its genetic structure, leading to the emergence of new traits and species. At the same time, the destabilization of genetic material is the main cause of hereditary and oncological diseases and aging. M.E. Lobashev was the first to point out the connection between mutations and repair. He introduced the concept of a premutation state or primary lesion of genetic material and suggested that mutagenesis is a physiological process in which mutations occurs during the repair of damaged genetic material due to non-identical restoration of its structure. The theories of M. E. Lobashev laid the groundwork for understanding the causes and mechanisms of inherited changes in genetic material, which have been experimentally confirmed in studies of replication, repair, and recombination. It is now known that mutations arise through a multistep process over time, due to ambiguity of one of template processes – DNA synthesis. Recent research made it possible to establish the physical nature of primary lesions and mutations, to develop various methods for their identification, and estimate the impact of primary lesions and mutations in the phenotype formation.","PeriodicalId":11431,"journal":{"name":"Ecological genetics","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138971000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drought poses a significant challenge to the sustainable development of modern agriculture and to the achievement of high crop yields. Water deficit causes osmotic stress and triggers plant physiological responses characterized by reduced water potential, diminished stomatal conductance, and decreased photosynthetic efficiency. Long-term adaptation to osmotic stress entails intricate metabolic rearrangements, leading to the accumulation of osmoprotectants, activation of antioxidant systems, and increased biosynthesis of stress-protective proteins. The severity and duration of drought, along with plant genotype and developmental stage, influence the plant response to stress, consequently affecting crop yield and quality. Particularly in the context of legumes, which are crucial for human and animal nutrition, understanding adaptive strategies to water deficit is essential for the cultivation of drought-resistant genotypes, primarily because these crops predominantly thrive in semi-arid regions. Proteomics and metabolomics approaches, in turn, serve as valuable tools, offering critical insights into the molecular dynamics governing plant responses to drought stress. Furthermore, the use of reliable drought simulation models is imperative for the effective evaluation of legume response to water scarcity, aiding the cultivation of drought-tolerant varieties. This review highlights the perspectives of utilizing different osmotic stress models to investigate proteome and metabolome alteration within seeds of food legumes.
{"title":"Models of osmotic stress as a tool for proteomics and metabolomics of legume seeds","authors":"T. Leonova, T. Bilova, Andrej Frolov","doi":"10.17816/ecogen611119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/ecogen611119","url":null,"abstract":"Drought poses a significant challenge to the sustainable development of modern agriculture and to the achievement of high crop yields. Water deficit causes osmotic stress and triggers plant physiological responses characterized by reduced water potential, diminished stomatal conductance, and decreased photosynthetic efficiency. Long-term adaptation to osmotic stress entails intricate metabolic rearrangements, leading to the accumulation of osmoprotectants, activation of antioxidant systems, and increased biosynthesis of stress-protective proteins. The severity and duration of drought, along with plant genotype and developmental stage, influence the plant response to stress, consequently affecting crop yield and quality. Particularly in the context of legumes, which are crucial for human and animal nutrition, understanding adaptive strategies to water deficit is essential for the cultivation of drought-resistant genotypes, primarily because these crops predominantly thrive in semi-arid regions. Proteomics and metabolomics approaches, in turn, serve as valuable tools, offering critical insights into the molecular dynamics governing plant responses to drought stress. Furthermore, the use of reliable drought simulation models is imperative for the effective evaluation of legume response to water scarcity, aiding the cultivation of drought-tolerant varieties. This review highlights the perspectives of utilizing different osmotic stress models to investigate proteome and metabolome alteration within seeds of food legumes.","PeriodicalId":11431,"journal":{"name":"Ecological genetics","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139003721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This review, based on previously formulated hypotheses, our own research and assumptions, examines the main modern trends and directions of molecular medicine related to the assessment of the effect of environmental factors on the human genome, that is, the problem of human environmental genetics. Among them, special attention is paid to aspects of genome sequencing, from the draft version to the final version, and the start of the Pangenome project. Information is provided on all programs for analyzing the human genome, on the connection between biobanks and national genomic projects, on the importance of genetic diversity and genome errors, on its polymorphism and the importance of genomic clinical databases. Ten trends in molecular medicine over the past 20 years are separately highlighted. The review presents new challenges in predictive medicine related to carrier screening and the development of preimplantation genetic testing for both monogenic and multifactorial diseases. The situation with genetic testing related to an individual's susceptibility to environmental factors and diseases is summarized. There has been an accumulation of a huge number of research results. Some attention is paid to pharmacogenetic studies, for which certain levels of evidence have been formed in the clinic, which have led in some countries to the start of projects for the development and implementation of pharmacogenetic passports. Some new areas are considered - psychogenetics, sports genetics, genetics of susceptibility to coronavirus infection and others. In the final parts, attention is paid to the genetic prognosis of multifactorial diseases, which is based on both DNA and RNA studies (and other omics technologies) using mathematical modeling and the creation of a new paradigm of a genetic passport - an omics map of reproductive health.
{"title":"Environmental genetics and predictive medicine: 20 years later. New trends and old basis","authors":"A. Glotov","doi":"10.17816/ecogen623390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/ecogen623390","url":null,"abstract":"This review, based on previously formulated hypotheses, our own research and assumptions, examines the main modern trends and directions of molecular medicine related to the assessment of the effect of environmental factors on the human genome, that is, the problem of human environmental genetics. Among them, special attention is paid to aspects of genome sequencing, from the draft version to the final version, and the start of the Pangenome project. Information is provided on all programs for analyzing the human genome, on the connection between biobanks and national genomic projects, on the importance of genetic diversity and genome errors, on its polymorphism and the importance of genomic clinical databases. Ten trends in molecular medicine over the past 20 years are separately highlighted. The review presents new challenges in predictive medicine related to carrier screening and the development of preimplantation genetic testing for both monogenic and multifactorial diseases. The situation with genetic testing related to an individual's susceptibility to environmental factors and diseases is summarized. There has been an accumulation of a huge number of research results. Some attention is paid to pharmacogenetic studies, for which certain levels of evidence have been formed in the clinic, which have led in some countries to the start of projects for the development and implementation of pharmacogenetic passports. Some new areas are considered - psychogenetics, sports genetics, genetics of susceptibility to coronavirus infection and others. In the final parts, attention is paid to the genetic prognosis of multifactorial diseases, which is based on both DNA and RNA studies (and other omics technologies) using mathematical modeling and the creation of a new paradigm of a genetic passport - an omics map of reproductive health.","PeriodicalId":11431,"journal":{"name":"Ecological genetics","volume":"59 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138592877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oleg Tikhodeyev, Marina Tikhodeeva, Anna Romanovich, Ulyana Galaktionova, Olga Semicheva, Vyacheslav Bolshakov
Background. Waxweed (Myrica gale L.) is a protected plant species found in the Russian Federation only in the Leningrad District and Karelia. It is almost not studied from the genetic point of view. This species is presumably hexaploid; it propagates mainly vegetatively, and the role of sexual reproduction in the life cycle of waxweed is unclear. All waxweed populations in the Russian Federation are small and belong to the edge ones (occupy the easternmost positions in the range). The aim of the study: to investigate genomic DNA polymorphism in waxweed populations in the Russian Federation, and to evaluate the role of sexual reproduction in propagation and dispersal of this species. Materials and methods. AFLP-analysis of waxweed genomic DNA in 6 natural populations (5 populations in the Leningrad District, 1 in Karelia). Using 3 pairs of primers, we studied waxweed genomic polymorphism for 22 DNA fragments. Results. Each of the studied waxweed populations is genetically polymorphic. Among 182 analyzed plants we distinguished 27 different AFLP-genotypes, two of which were common in all populations studied. Most of others AFLP genotypes (20) were represented just by a single plant or a couple of plants. Some of these rare AFLP genotypes are likely the results of mutation and/or recombination processes affecting the common AFLP genotypes. Conclusion. The role of sexual reproduction in waxweed propagation, although minor, is noticeable.
背景。黄蜡草(Myrica gale L.)是俄罗斯联邦仅在列宁格勒地区和卡累利阿发现的受保护植物物种。几乎没有人从遗传学的角度来研究它。这个物种大概是六倍体;主要以营养繁殖为主，有性繁殖在黄蜡草生命周期中的作用尚不清楚。俄罗斯联邦的所有黄蜡草种群都很小，属于边缘种群(占据范围的最东端)。本研究的目的是:研究俄罗斯联邦黄蜡草种群的基因组DNA多态性，并评价有性生殖在该物种的繁殖和传播中的作用。材料和方法。6个自然居群(列宁格勒5个，卡累利阿1个)黄蜡草基因组DNA的aflp分析。利用3对引物，对22个DNA片段进行了基因组多态性分析。结果。每一个被研究的蜡草种群都具有基因多态性。在182种分析植物中，我们区分出27种不同的aflp基因型，其中两种在所有研究群体中都是常见的。大多数其他AFLP基因型(20个)仅由单个植株或一对植株代表。其中一些罕见的AFLP基因型可能是影响常见AFLP基因型的突变和/或重组过程的结果。结论。有性繁殖在黄蜡草繁殖中的作用，虽然很小，但很明显。
{"title":"Genetic polymorphism in waxweed (Red Book of the Russian Federation) in North-West Russia","authors":"Oleg Tikhodeyev, Marina Tikhodeeva, Anna Romanovich, Ulyana Galaktionova, Olga Semicheva, Vyacheslav Bolshakov","doi":"10.17816/ecogen624197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/ecogen624197","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Waxweed (Myrica gale L.) is a protected plant species found in the Russian Federation only in the Leningrad District and Karelia. It is almost not studied from the genetic point of view. This species is presumably hexaploid; it propagates mainly vegetatively, and the role of sexual reproduction in the life cycle of waxweed is unclear. All waxweed populations in the Russian Federation are small and belong to the edge ones (occupy the easternmost positions in the range). The aim of the study: to investigate genomic DNA polymorphism in waxweed populations in the Russian Federation, and to evaluate the role of sexual reproduction in propagation and dispersal of this species. Materials and methods. AFLP-analysis of waxweed genomic DNA in 6 natural populations (5 populations in the Leningrad District, 1 in Karelia). Using 3 pairs of primers, we studied waxweed genomic polymorphism for 22 DNA fragments. Results. Each of the studied waxweed populations is genetically polymorphic. Among 182 analyzed plants we distinguished 27 different AFLP-genotypes, two of which were common in all populations studied. Most of others AFLP genotypes (20) were represented just by a single plant or a couple of plants. Some of these rare AFLP genotypes are likely the results of mutation and/or recombination processes affecting the common AFLP genotypes. Conclusion. The role of sexual reproduction in waxweed propagation, although minor, is noticeable.","PeriodicalId":11431,"journal":{"name":"Ecological genetics","volume":"36 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138593500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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