Y. Sidorchuk, P. Belavin, A. Zagorskaya, Elena S. Khairulina, E. Deineko
Transplastomic plants are capable to accumulate the significant amounts (up to 70% of TSP) of target recombinant proteins in tissues. However, the production of such forms is severely limited by the low yield of initial transformants. This problem requires the development and optimization of new approaches to the delivery of transgenes into chloroplasts and an increase in the frequency of their integration into the plastome. Transplastomic tobacco plants expressing thegfpreporter gene and theaadAselectable marker under the control of thePrrnG10Lpromoter and theTpsbAterminator were obtained in the laboratory of plant bioengineering. It is known that the selected promoter and insertion region (between the tRNA genes of isoleucine and alanine) are capable to provide a high yield of recombinant proteins in the leaves of transplastomic plants [1]. However, the content of recombinant GFP in the leaves of the obtained transplastomic plants was determined at the level of 0.12%, and the variability for this trait was minimal and ranged from 0.09 to 0.16% of TSP. Insufficient accumulation of the target protein in transformants is not associated with transcription disorders or the presence of non-transgenic copies of the plastome. Probably, the low frequency of transformation and the lack of variability between the transformants are the reasons that make it difficult to select highly productive forms. It is proposed to increase the efficiency of targeted delivery of genetic constructs to plastids using single-walled carbon nanotubes loaded with recombinant DNA. This process can also be facilitated by our proposed approach to increase the frequency of DNA double-strand breaks in target regions of the plastome through the use of the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system. This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 23-24-00545.
{"title":"Transplastomic plants — new approaches to solving “old” problems","authors":"Y. Sidorchuk, P. Belavin, A. Zagorskaya, Elena S. Khairulina, E. Deineko","doi":"10.17816/ecogen568520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/ecogen568520","url":null,"abstract":"Transplastomic plants are capable to accumulate the significant amounts (up to 70% of TSP) of target recombinant proteins in tissues. However, the production of such forms is severely limited by the low yield of initial transformants. This problem requires the development and optimization of new approaches to the delivery of transgenes into chloroplasts and an increase in the frequency of their integration into the plastome. Transplastomic tobacco plants expressing thegfpreporter gene and theaadAselectable marker under the control of thePrrnG10Lpromoter and theTpsbAterminator were obtained in the laboratory of plant bioengineering. It is known that the selected promoter and insertion region (between the tRNA genes of isoleucine and alanine) are capable to provide a high yield of recombinant proteins in the leaves of transplastomic plants [1]. However, the content of recombinant GFP in the leaves of the obtained transplastomic plants was determined at the level of 0.12%, and the variability for this trait was minimal and ranged from 0.09 to 0.16% of TSP. Insufficient accumulation of the target protein in transformants is not associated with transcription disorders or the presence of non-transgenic copies of the plastome. Probably, the low frequency of transformation and the lack of variability between the transformants are the reasons that make it difficult to select highly productive forms. It is proposed to increase the efficiency of targeted delivery of genetic constructs to plastids using single-walled carbon nanotubes loaded with recombinant DNA. This process can also be facilitated by our proposed approach to increase the frequency of DNA double-strand breaks in target regions of the plastome through the use of the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system. \u0000This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 23-24-00545.","PeriodicalId":11431,"journal":{"name":"Ecological genetics","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138603796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liliya A. Kochetkova, M. Lebedeva, Lyudmila A. Lutova
Legume plants are important for ecosystems due to their ability to form root nodules in symbiosis with rhizobia, where nitrogen fixation takes place. The number of symbiotic nodules is regulated by the CLE peptides inhibiting excessive nodule formation. Previously, we have identified four genes encoding CLE peptides, activated in response to rhizobia inoculation in pea. Three of them, PsCLE13, PsCLE12 and PsNIC-like, were also activated by nitrate, and, therefore, they could mediate nitrate-dependent inhibition of nodulation [1]. Overexpression of PsCLE13 and PsCLE12 inhibited nodulation on transgenic roots: however, the role of PsNIC-like and PsCLE12-like have not been investigated. In this study, we constructed vectors for overexpression of the PsCLE12-like and PsNIC-like genes to study their possible role in nodulation, and also analyzed the expression levels of nodulation-related genes in transgenic roots overexpressing four PsCLEs genes. Moreover, vectors for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing of the PsCLE12 and PsCLE13 genes were constructed to further explore the role of these genes in nodulation. Overexpression of PsCLE12-like, PsCLE13 and PsCLE12 resulted in increased expression levels of TOO MUCH LOVE (PsTMLs) genes known as root-acting regulators of nodule number. In addition, in the roots overexpressing four PsCLEs genes, down regulation of the PsSYM37 gene (encoding the receptor for Nod-factors) was observed, suggesting that the CLE peptides might inhibit the development of symbiotic nodules at the earliest stages of symbiosis development upon Nod-factor perception.
豆科植物对生态系统很重要，因为它们能够与根瘤菌共生形成根瘤，在根瘤菌中进行固氮。共生结节的数量受CLE肽抑制过度结节形成的调控。先前，我们已经鉴定了四个编码CLE肽的基因，这些基因在豌豆根瘤菌接种反应中被激活。其中3个基因PsCLE13、PsCLE12和PsNIC-like也被硝酸盐激活，因此它们可以介导硝酸盐依赖性的结瘤抑制[1]。PsCLE13和PsCLE12的过表达抑制了转基因根的结瘤，但PsNIC-like和PsCLE12-like的作用尚未被研究。本研究构建了pscle12样基因和psnic样基因的过表达载体，研究了它们在根瘤形成中的可能作用，并分析了过表达4种PsCLEs基因的转基因根中根瘤相关基因的表达水平。此外，构建了crispr - cas9介导的PsCLE12和PsCLE13基因的基因编辑载体，进一步探索这些基因在结瘤中的作用。PsCLE12样、PsCLE13和PsCLE12的过表达导致TOO MUCH LOVE (PsTMLs)基因的表达水平升高，这些基因被称为结节数量的根作用调节因子。此外，在过表达4种PsCLEs基因的根中，观察到PsSYM37基因(编码节点因子受体)的下调，提示CLE肽可能在感知节点因子后，在共生发展的早期阶段抑制共生结节的发展。
{"title":"Putative molecular pathways of autoregulation of nodulation activated by CLE peptides in pea","authors":"Liliya A. Kochetkova, M. Lebedeva, Lyudmila A. Lutova","doi":"10.17816/ecogen568446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/ecogen568446","url":null,"abstract":"Legume plants are important for ecosystems due to their ability to form root nodules in symbiosis with rhizobia, where nitrogen fixation takes place. The number of symbiotic nodules is regulated by the CLE peptides inhibiting excessive nodule formation. Previously, we have identified four genes encoding CLE peptides, activated in response to rhizobia inoculation in pea. Three of them, PsCLE13, PsCLE12 and PsNIC-like, were also activated by nitrate, and, therefore, they could mediate nitrate-dependent inhibition of nodulation [1]. Overexpression of PsCLE13 and PsCLE12 inhibited nodulation on transgenic roots: however, the role of PsNIC-like and PsCLE12-like have not been investigated. \u0000In this study, we constructed vectors for overexpression of the PsCLE12-like and PsNIC-like genes to study their possible role in nodulation, and also analyzed the expression levels of nodulation-related genes in transgenic roots overexpressing four PsCLEs genes. Moreover, vectors for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing of the PsCLE12 and PsCLE13 genes were constructed to further explore the role of these genes in nodulation. Overexpression of PsCLE12-like, PsCLE13 and PsCLE12 resulted in increased expression levels of TOO MUCH LOVE (PsTMLs) genes known as root-acting regulators of nodule number. In addition, in the roots overexpressing four PsCLEs genes, down regulation of the PsSYM37 gene (encoding the receptor for Nod-factors) was observed, suggesting that the CLE peptides might inhibit the development of symbiotic nodules at the earliest stages of symbiosis development upon Nod-factor perception.","PeriodicalId":11431,"journal":{"name":"Ecological genetics","volume":"2 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138603957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. A. Berensen, Tatiana M. Piskunova, S. V. Kuzmin, Andrey F. Moskalu, O. Antonova, A. Artemyeva
Powdery mildew (PM) is one of the most harmful diseases of cucurbits. Modern commercial varieties of squash Cucurbita pepo L. var. giraumonas Duch and patisson C. pepo var. melopepo L. received powdery mildew resistance genes from wild species. The Pm-0 resistance gene belongs to the linkage group 10; two CAPS markers were developed for its mapping [15]. The main intragenic marker NBS_S9_1495924/HaeIII is localized in the NBS-LRR region, the additional marker S9_1539675/MspI shows complete co-segregation with resistance to PM [15]. In the present study, these markers were used for molecular screening of an experimental set of squash and patisson samples (differ in resistance to powdery mildew) from the VIR gene bank collection and perspective breeding lines of the Krymsk Experiment Breeding Station branch of VIR. In total, 80 samples were investigated. Samples, carrying fragments of both CAPS markers (17) and fragments of only one marker (31) were found. Presence of two markers of the Pm-0 gene (NBS_S9_1495924/HaeIII и S9_1539675/MspI) has the strong correlation with resistance to PM (r = 0.837). For three powdery mildew-resistant samples, which has demonstrated presence of both markers of the Pm-0 gene, additional analysis of individual plants was done. Resistant plants with Pm-0 gene markers were self-pollinated to create resistant lines. Thus, molecular screening allowed to preserve the valuable trait of resistance during maintaining of the squash collection samples.
白粉病是危害瓜类最严重的病害之一。现代商品南瓜品种Cucurbita pepo L. var. giraumonas Duch和patisson C. pepo var. melopepo L.从野生种获得了抗白粉病基因。Pm-0抗性基因属于连锁群10;两种CAPS标记被开发用于其定位[15]。主要基因内标记NBS_S9_1495924/HaeIII定位于NBS-LRR区域，附加标记S9_1539675/MspI与PM抗性完全共分离[15]。在本研究中，这些标记被用于从VIR基因库收集和VIR Krymsk实验育种站分支的观点育种系中筛选一组南瓜和南瓜实验样品(对白粉病的抗性不同)。总共调查了80个样本。有17份样本同时携带两种cap标记物的片段，31份样本仅携带一种标记物的片段。PM -0基因的两个标记(NBS_S9_1495924/HaeIII / S9_1539675/MspI)的存在与对PM的抗性有很强的相关性(r = 0.837)。对于三个抗白粉病的样品，已经证明存在Pm-0基因的两个标记，对单个植物进行了额外的分析。具有Pm-0基因标记的抗性植株通过自花授粉形成抗性品系。因此，分子筛选可以在南瓜收集样品的保存过程中保留有价值的抗性性状。
{"title":"Molecular screening of squash and patisson squash collection samples using markers of the Pm-0 gene, which controls resistance to powdery mildew","authors":"F. A. Berensen, Tatiana M. Piskunova, S. V. Kuzmin, Andrey F. Moskalu, O. Antonova, A. Artemyeva","doi":"10.17816/ecogen110988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/ecogen110988","url":null,"abstract":"Powdery mildew (PM) is one of the most harmful diseases of cucurbits. Modern commercial varieties of squash Cucurbita pepo L. var. giraumonas Duch and patisson C. pepo var. melopepo L. received powdery mildew resistance genes from wild species. The Pm-0 resistance gene belongs to the linkage group 10; two CAPS markers were developed for its mapping [15]. The main intragenic marker NBS_S9_1495924/HaeIII is localized in the NBS-LRR region, the additional marker S9_1539675/MspI shows complete co-segregation with resistance to PM [15]. In the present study, these markers were used for molecular screening of an experimental set of squash and patisson samples (differ in resistance to powdery mildew) from the VIR gene bank collection and perspective breeding lines of the Krymsk Experiment Breeding Station branch of VIR. In total, 80 samples were investigated. Samples, carrying fragments of both CAPS markers (17) and fragments of only one marker (31) were found. Presence of two markers of the Pm-0 gene (NBS_S9_1495924/HaeIII и S9_1539675/MspI) has the strong correlation with resistance to PM (r = 0.837). \u0000For three powdery mildew-resistant samples, which has demonstrated presence of both markers of the Pm-0 gene, additional analysis of individual plants was done. Resistant plants with Pm-0 gene markers were self-pollinated to create resistant lines. Thus, molecular screening allowed to preserve the valuable trait of resistance during maintaining of the squash collection samples.","PeriodicalId":11431,"journal":{"name":"Ecological genetics","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76714508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Endophytic communities represent a fascinating inner world of the plants. Endophytes are found in all plant species studied, though the number of microbial cells and their species diversity can differ a lot. The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is economically important staple food crop, and the induction of plant resistance to various infections as well as the search for the effective eco-friendly preparations could provide higher potato yields and are very promising for modern agriculture. In this review, we focus on the biodiversity of the potato endophytes and the aspects of their functional importance and possible application in the biological control of plant pathogens. We have systematized literature data regarding the prevention of the harmful effect of pathogenic fungi, bacteria, viruses, and insects resulting from the vital activity of the endophytic microorganisms within the potato plants.
{"title":"Endophytic microorganisms of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.): biodiversity, functions and biotechnological potential","authors":"N. Karamova, Ammar A. Tuama, Z. Stasevski","doi":"10.17816/ecogen196737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/ecogen196737","url":null,"abstract":"Endophytic communities represent a fascinating inner world of the plants. Endophytes are found in all plant species studied, though the number of microbial cells and their species diversity can differ a lot. The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is economically important staple food crop, and the induction of plant resistance to various infections as well as the search for the effective eco-friendly preparations could provide higher potato yields and are very promising for modern agriculture. In this review, we focus on the biodiversity of the potato endophytes and the aspects of their functional importance and possible application in the biological control of plant pathogens. We have systematized literature data regarding the prevention of the harmful effect of pathogenic fungi, bacteria, viruses, and insects resulting from the vital activity of the endophytic microorganisms within the potato plants.","PeriodicalId":11431,"journal":{"name":"Ecological genetics","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79950397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ksenia A. Kuznetsova, Elena P. Efremova, I. S. Buzovkina, I. Dodueva, L. Lutova
Stanislava Iosifovna Narbut (19092001) was an agronomist, a graduate of the Leningrad Agricultural Institute. She worked as a Senior Researcher at the Plant Genetics Laboratory of the Biological Research Institute of the Leningrad State University from 1949 to 1985. S.I. Narbut was a creator of radish inbred lines genetic collection at Leningrad State University. This article discusses the main milestones of S.I. Narbuts biography and presents a series of previously unpublished photographs and memoirs of her colleagues and students.
{"title":"Stanislava I. Narbut, the author of the first radish genetic collection in Russia","authors":"Ksenia A. Kuznetsova, Elena P. Efremova, I. S. Buzovkina, I. Dodueva, L. Lutova","doi":"10.17816/ecogen322833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/ecogen322833","url":null,"abstract":"Stanislava Iosifovna Narbut (19092001) was an agronomist, a graduate of the Leningrad Agricultural Institute. She worked as a Senior Researcher at the Plant Genetics Laboratory of the Biological Research Institute of the Leningrad State University from 1949 to 1985. S.I. Narbut was a creator of radish inbred lines genetic collection at Leningrad State University. This article discusses the main milestones of S.I. Narbuts biography and presents a series of previously unpublished photographs and memoirs of her colleagues and students.","PeriodicalId":11431,"journal":{"name":"Ecological genetics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77699318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Opines are low molecular weight organic substances that occur in marine invertebrates, bacteria, some plants and fungi. Such an unusual range of organisms suggests the importance of studying and systematizing knowledge about the functions of these compounds and the genetic control of their metabolism. In recent years, new data have emerged on plants containing genes for the synthesis of opines as a result of horizontal gene transfer from agrobacteria. This review is devoted to systematization of information about opine synthase genes, their products and functions of the latter.
{"title":"The diversity of genes for the synthesis of opines and their products in representatives of various taxa","authors":"Anton D. Shaposhnikov, T. Matveeva","doi":"10.17816/ecogen492282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/ecogen492282","url":null,"abstract":"Opines are low molecular weight organic substances that occur in marine invertebrates, bacteria, some plants and fungi. Such an unusual range of organisms suggests the importance of studying and systematizing knowledge about the functions of these compounds and the genetic control of their metabolism. In recent years, new data have emerged on plants containing genes for the synthesis of opines as a result of horizontal gene transfer from agrobacteria. This review is devoted to systematization of information about opine synthase genes, their products and functions of the latter.","PeriodicalId":11431,"journal":{"name":"Ecological genetics","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75945376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Viktoriya D. Bemova, T. Yakusheva, M. Asfandiyarova, V. Gavrilova, N. V. Kishlyan, L. Novikova
BACKGROUND: Russia is one of the largest peanut-buying countries. At the same time, in the south of the country, a number of zones meet the requirements for the cultivation of peanuts. AIM: Identification of a new source material for peanut breeding by the method of ecological and geographical testing of collection samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The work used 30 of peanuts accessions from the VIR collection of various origins. To assess the stability of productivity, standard deviation (s), coefficient of variation (Cv) and regression (i) for environmental conditions according to Eberhart and Russell were used. RESULTS: As a result of the study, the possibility of growing individual varieties of peanuts in the south of the RF under modern conditions was confirmed. It was determined that some samples are more productive and suitable as starting material for the conditions of the Krasnodar Territory (k-283, k-1157), others for the conditions of the Astrakhan region (k-317, k-868). The accessions of the VIR collection were found to be more productive at 2 points experience, also marked as plasticity k-751, k-283, k-626, k-1533, k-1987. CONCLUSIONS: In contrasting conditions (two geographical points for 3 years of study), peanuts accessions were identified that strongly react to changes in environmental conditions. Stable and plastic in productivity accessions can serve as the initial breeding material. It has been established that peanuts can be cultivated in the south of the Russian Federation, namely in the Astrakhan Region and the Krasnodar Territory.
{"title":"Variability in the productivity of peanut accessions (Arachis hypogaea L.) at ecological-geographical testing","authors":"Viktoriya D. Bemova, T. Yakusheva, M. Asfandiyarova, V. Gavrilova, N. V. Kishlyan, L. Novikova","doi":"10.17816/ecogen340801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/ecogen340801","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Russia is one of the largest peanut-buying countries. At the same time, in the south of the country, a number of zones meet the requirements for the cultivation of peanuts. \u0000AIM: Identification of a new source material for peanut breeding by the method of ecological and geographical testing of collection samples. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The work used 30 of peanuts accessions from the VIR collection of various origins. To assess the stability of productivity, standard deviation (s), coefficient of variation (Cv) and regression (i) for environmental conditions according to Eberhart and Russell were used. \u0000RESULTS: As a result of the study, the possibility of growing individual varieties of peanuts in the south of the RF under modern conditions was confirmed. It was determined that some samples are more productive and suitable as starting material for the conditions of the Krasnodar Territory (k-283, k-1157), others for the conditions of the Astrakhan region (k-317, k-868). The accessions of the VIR collection were found to be more productive at 2 points experience, also marked as plasticity k-751, k-283, k-626, k-1533, k-1987. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: In contrasting conditions (two geographical points for 3 years of study), peanuts accessions were identified that strongly react to changes in environmental conditions. Stable and plastic in productivity accessions can serve as the initial breeding material. It has been established that peanuts can be cultivated in the south of the Russian Federation, namely in the Astrakhan Region and the Krasnodar Territory.","PeriodicalId":11431,"journal":{"name":"Ecological genetics","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75142922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. D. Bovin, Svetlana A. Shirobokova, G. Karakashev, E. Dolgikh
Studying the role of inositol phosphates in the regulation of signal exchange between leguminous plants and nodule bacteria is of great interest since it affects the regulation of calcium level in the root cells in response to bacterial signals during symbiosis development. The regulation of intracellular calcium content is one of the key events in the control of symbiosis development, but remains very poorly understood. In present work, we revealed a significant increase in the content of inositol hexasphosphate (IP6), which occurs in response to the recognition of Nod factors and indicates that in plants, unlike animals, this form (along with the inositol triphosphate (IP3)) may be important for signal transduction. This is consistent with the data that receptor for IP3 in plants has not yet been found, despite numerous efforts. Expression analysis of the genes encoding enzymes of two biosynthetic pathways for inositol phosphates showed stimulation of the PsITPK1 gene (Psat6g210960), which can control the phospholipid-independent pathway for synthesis of these compounds. Despite the fact that PsPIP5K (Psat5g134320) important for another pathway did not show increased expression in our experiments upon inoculation, the activation of the phospholipid-dependent pathway of inositol phosphate biosynthesis can be evidenced by stimulation of a number of genes encoding pospholipases C (PLCs) which were previously found in pea Pisum sativum as well as during analysis of transcriptome of Medicago truncatula root treated with Nod factors. Therefore, in plants, in contrast to animals, the pathways for the synthesis of inositol phosphates can be more diverse, which indicates the plasticity of signal pathways.
{"title":"Inositol phosphates’ synthesis in pea Pisum sativum L. root seedlings at the early stages after Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae inoculation","authors":"A. D. Bovin, Svetlana A. Shirobokova, G. Karakashev, E. Dolgikh","doi":"10.17816/ecogen117412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/ecogen117412","url":null,"abstract":"Studying the role of inositol phosphates in the regulation of signal exchange between leguminous plants and nodule bacteria is of great interest since it affects the regulation of calcium level in the root cells in response to bacterial signals during symbiosis development. The regulation of intracellular calcium content is one of the key events in the control of symbiosis development, but remains very poorly understood. In present work, we revealed a significant increase in the content of inositol hexasphosphate (IP6), which occurs in response to the recognition of Nod factors and indicates that in plants, unlike animals, this form (along with the inositol triphosphate (IP3)) may be important for signal transduction. This is consistent with the data that receptor for IP3 in plants has not yet been found, despite numerous efforts. \u0000Expression analysis of the genes encoding enzymes of two biosynthetic pathways for inositol phosphates showed stimulation of the PsITPK1 gene (Psat6g210960), which can control the phospholipid-independent pathway for synthesis of these compounds. Despite the fact that PsPIP5K (Psat5g134320) important for another pathway did not show increased expression in our experiments upon inoculation, the activation of the phospholipid-dependent pathway of inositol phosphate biosynthesis can be evidenced by stimulation of a number of genes encoding pospholipases C (PLCs) which were previously found in pea Pisum sativum as well as during analysis of transcriptome of Medicago truncatula root treated with Nod factors. Therefore, in plants, in contrast to animals, the pathways for the synthesis of inositol phosphates can be more diverse, which indicates the plasticity of signal pathways.","PeriodicalId":11431,"journal":{"name":"Ecological genetics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78399650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Totikov, Andrey A. Tomarovsky, Aliya R. Yakupova, A. Graphodatsky, S. Kliver
Demographic history reconstruction is based on the estimation of effective population size (Ne), which is inferred and interpreted in various fields of evolutionary and conservation biology. Interest in Ne estimation is growing, as the key evolutionary forces and their are linked to Ne, and genetic data become increasingly accessible. However, what is effective population size, and how can we obtain an estimate of effective population size? In this review, we describe the history of the term Ne and explore existing methods for obtaining historical and contemporary estimates of changes in effective population size. We provide a detailed overview of methods based on sequential Markovian coalescence (SMC), generalized phylogenetic coalescence (G-PhoCS), identity by descent (IBD) and identity by state (IBS) similarity, as well as methods using allele frequency spectrum (AFS). For each method, we briefly summarize the underlying theory and note its advantages and disadvantages. In the final section of the review, we present examples of the use of these methods for various non-model species with conservation status.
{"title":"Review of population history reconstruction methods in conservation biology","authors":"A. Totikov, Andrey A. Tomarovsky, Aliya R. Yakupova, A. Graphodatsky, S. Kliver","doi":"10.17816/ecogen120078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/ecogen120078","url":null,"abstract":"Demographic history reconstruction is based on the estimation of effective population size (Ne), which is inferred and interpreted in various fields of evolutionary and conservation biology. Interest in Ne estimation is growing, as the key evolutionary forces and their are linked to Ne, and genetic data become increasingly accessible. However, what is effective population size, and how can we obtain an estimate of effective population size? In this review, we describe the history of the term Ne and explore existing methods for obtaining historical and contemporary estimates of changes in effective population size. We provide a detailed overview of methods based on sequential Markovian coalescence (SMC), generalized phylogenetic coalescence (G-PhoCS), identity by descent (IBD) and identity by state (IBS) similarity, as well as methods using allele frequency spectrum (AFS). For each method, we briefly summarize the underlying theory and note its advantages and disadvantages. In the final section of the review, we present examples of the use of these methods for various non-model species with conservation status.","PeriodicalId":11431,"journal":{"name":"Ecological genetics","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91158803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Variability of terry flowers in buttercup Ranunculus acris from different populations demonstrates the anthropogenic impact on the environment. Schoolchildren carried out training works analyzing the frequency of occurrence of the trait double of a buttercup flower in the populations of the North-West Region of Russia. The data obtained made it possible to discuss questions about the mechanisms of action of environmental pollution by surfactants and unsaturated hydrocarbons. The article emphasizes the importance: of the direct joint participation of schoolchildren and university professional teachers in environmental research; of the visibility, evidence and significance of their results; of competent comprehensive discussion for the formation of a bio- and ecocentric worldview. The latter is especially important for the tuition of qualified scientific staff in the field of ecological genetics.
{"title":"Terry buttercup wild flowers (Ranunculus acris) variability in school ecology education: ecocentrism formation","authors":"E. Daev","doi":"10.17816/ecogen197559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/ecogen197559","url":null,"abstract":"Variability of terry flowers in buttercup Ranunculus acris from different populations demonstrates the anthropogenic impact on the environment. Schoolchildren carried out training works analyzing the frequency of occurrence of the trait double of a buttercup flower in the populations of the North-West Region of Russia. The data obtained made it possible to discuss questions about the mechanisms of action of environmental pollution by surfactants and unsaturated hydrocarbons. The article emphasizes the importance: of the direct joint participation of schoolchildren and university professional teachers in environmental research; of the visibility, evidence and significance of their results; of competent comprehensive discussion for the formation of a bio- and ecocentric worldview. The latter is especially important for the tuition of qualified scientific staff in the field of ecological genetics.","PeriodicalId":11431,"journal":{"name":"Ecological genetics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90574980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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