Pub Date : 2024-05-12DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106038
Naiara Franco Baroni , Mariana Rinaldi Carvalho , Izabela da Silva Santos , Ana Vitória Lanzoni Chaves , Daniela Elias Goulart de Andrade Miranda , Lívia Castro Crivellenti , Daniela Saes Sartorelli
Background
The excess neonatal adiposity is considered a risk factor for the development of childhood obesity and the birth weight is a marker of health throughout life.
Aims
To evaluate the effect of a lifestyle intervention conducted among pregnant women with overweight on neonatal adiposity and birth weight.
Methods
A total of 350 pregnant women were recruited and randomly allocated into the control (CG) and intervention (IG) groups. Pregnant women in the IG were invited to participate in three nutritional counselling sessions based on encouraging the consumption of unprocessed and minimally processed foods, rather than ultra-processed foods, following the NOVA food classification system, which categorizes foods according to the extent and purpose of industrial processing, and the regular practice of physical activity. Neonatal adiposity was estimated using a previously validated anthropometric model. Adjusted linear regression models were used to measure the effect.
Results
Adopting the modified intention-to-treat principle, data from 256 neonates were analyzed for birth weight, and data from 163 for body composition estimation. The treatment had no effect on the proportion of fat mass [β 0.52 (95 % CI −1.03, 2.06); p = .51], fat-free mass [β −0.50 (95 % CI −2.45, 1.45); p = .61] or birth weight [β 53.23 (95 % CI −87.19, 193.64); p = .46].
Conclusions
In the present study, the lifestyle counselling used had no effect on neonatal adiposity or birth weight. Future studies should investigate the effect of more intensive interventions.
背景新生儿过多的脂肪被认为是导致儿童肥胖的风险因素,而出生体重则是一生健康的标志。方法共招募了 350 名孕妇,并将她们随机分配到对照组(CG)和干预组(IG)。干预组的孕妇应邀参加了三次营养辅导课,辅导课的内容是鼓励孕妇食用未加工和微加工食品,而不是超加工食品,辅导课采用了诺瓦食品分类系统,该系统根据工业加工的程度和目的对食品进行分类,并鼓励孕妇定期进行体育锻炼。新生儿脂肪含量是通过之前验证的人体测量模型估算的。结果采用修正的意向治疗原则,分析了 256 名新生儿的出生体重数据和 163 名新生儿的身体成分估计数据。治疗对脂肪含量[β 0.52 (95 % CI -1.03, 2.06); p = .51]、无脂肪含量[β -0.50 (95 % CI -2.45, 1.45); p = .61]和出生体重[β 53.23 (95 % CI -87.19, 193.64); p = .46]均无影响。今后的研究应调查更深入的干预措施的效果。
{"title":"Effect of a lifestyle intervention among pregnant women with overweight on neonatal adiposity: A randomized controlled clinical trial","authors":"Naiara Franco Baroni , Mariana Rinaldi Carvalho , Izabela da Silva Santos , Ana Vitória Lanzoni Chaves , Daniela Elias Goulart de Andrade Miranda , Lívia Castro Crivellenti , Daniela Saes Sartorelli","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The excess neonatal adiposity is considered a risk factor for the development of childhood obesity and the birth weight is a marker of health throughout life.</p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>To evaluate the effect of a lifestyle intervention conducted among pregnant women with overweight on neonatal adiposity and birth weight.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 350 pregnant women were recruited and randomly allocated into the control (CG) and intervention (IG) groups. Pregnant women in the IG were invited to participate in three nutritional counselling sessions based on encouraging the consumption of unprocessed and minimally processed foods, rather than ultra-processed foods, following the NOVA food classification system, which categorizes foods according to the extent and purpose of industrial processing, and the regular practice of physical activity. Neonatal adiposity was estimated using a previously validated anthropometric model. Adjusted linear regression models were used to measure the effect.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Adopting the modified intention-to-treat principle, data from 256 neonates were analyzed for birth weight, and data from 163 for body composition estimation. The treatment had no effect on the proportion of fat mass [β 0.52 (95 % CI −1.03, 2.06); <em>p</em> = .51], fat-free mass [β −0.50 (95 % CI −2.45, 1.45); <em>p</em> = .61] or birth weight [β 53.23 (95 % CI −87.19, 193.64); <em>p</em> = .46].</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In the present study, the lifestyle counselling used had no effect on neonatal adiposity or birth weight. Future studies should investigate the effect of more intensive interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141043771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106037
Marina Butovskaya , Yulia Adam , Valery Batsevich , Todd K. Shackelford , Bernhard Fink
Background
Digit ratio (2D:4D) – the relative lengths of the index and ring finger – is sexually dimorphic (male < female), possibly because of the sex-differentiated impact of prenatal androgenization on fetal development in the 1st trimester. The sex difference remains stable with age and has been reported in children, adolescents, and adults from industrialized and non-industrialized societies. Handgrip strength (HGS) also is sexually dimorphic (males > females) and correlates negatively with 2D:4D.
Aims
To examine in a sample of young adult Tuvans from Siberia (Russian Federation): i) the association between 2D:4D measured directly from the palms with 2D:4D measured from radiographic images of the same individuals and ii) the associations between 2D:4D and HGS in Tuvan men and women.
Study design and subjects
The study was cross-sectional. Participants were Tuvans (n = 185; 80 men; mean age = 21.02 years). 2D:4D was measured with a caliper from the ventral surface of the palm (both hands) and from radiographic images (left hand). HGS of both hands was measured with a digital hand dynamometer. Body height and weight were measured with an anthropometer and a body composition scale.
Results
2D:4D ratios and anthropometric measures (including HGS) were sexually dimorphic. Men had lower 2D:4D and higher HGS than women. Direct measures of 2D:4D correlated positively with 2D:4D measured from radiographs. Body mass index (BMI) was a significant predictor of HGS for both sexes. Male right 2D:4D and female right and left 2D:4D correlated negatively with HGS after controlling for the influence of BMI. There were no associations with radiographic measurements of 2D:4D.
Conclusion
Our findings provide evidence of sexual dimorphism in 2D:4D among young adult Tuvans. Together with previous research on Tuvan children and adolescents, these findings provide clear evidence of 2D:4D sexual dimorphism in pre- and postpubertal Tuvans. The small negative association between 2D:4D and HGS corresponds to similar reports across populations, suggesting that 2D:4D is a weak correlate of muscular fitness.
{"title":"Associations between 2D:4D from direct and radiographic measurements with handgrip strength in young adult Tuvans","authors":"Marina Butovskaya , Yulia Adam , Valery Batsevich , Todd K. Shackelford , Bernhard Fink","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Digit ratio (2D:4D) – the relative lengths of the index and ring finger – is sexually dimorphic (male < female), possibly because of the sex-differentiated impact of prenatal androgenization on fetal development in the 1st trimester. The sex difference remains stable with age and has been reported in children, adolescents, and adults from industrialized and non-industrialized societies. Handgrip strength (HGS) also is sexually dimorphic (males > females) and correlates negatively with 2D:4D.</p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>To examine in a sample of young adult Tuvans from Siberia (Russian Federation): i) the association between 2D:4D measured directly from the palms with 2D:4D measured from radiographic images of the same individuals and ii) the associations between 2D:4D and HGS in Tuvan men and women.</p></div><div><h3>Study design and subjects</h3><p>The study was cross-sectional. Participants were Tuvans (<em>n</em> = 185; 80 men; mean age = 21.02 years). 2D:4D was measured with a caliper from the ventral surface of the palm (both hands) and from radiographic images (left hand). HGS of both hands was measured with a digital hand dynamometer. Body height and weight were measured with an anthropometer and a body composition scale.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>2D:4D ratios and anthropometric measures (including HGS) were sexually dimorphic. Men had lower 2D:4D and higher HGS than women. Direct measures of 2D:4D correlated positively with 2D:4D measured from radiographs. Body mass index (BMI) was a significant predictor of HGS for both sexes. Male right 2D:4D and female right and left 2D:4D correlated negatively with HGS after controlling for the influence of BMI. There were no associations with radiographic measurements of 2D:4D.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our findings provide evidence of sexual dimorphism in 2D:4D among young adult Tuvans. Together with previous research on Tuvan children and adolescents, these findings provide clear evidence of 2D:4D sexual dimorphism in pre- and postpubertal Tuvans. The small negative association between 2D:4D and HGS corresponds to similar reports across populations, suggesting that 2D:4D is a weak correlate of muscular fitness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140918457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106036
Lynn Bitar , Barbara S. Stonestreet , Yow-Pin Lim , Joseph Qiu , Xiaodi Chen , Imran N. Mir , Lina F. Chalak
Background
Inter-alpha inhibitor proteins (IAIPs) are structurally related proteins found in the systemic circulation with immunomodulatory anti-inflammatory properties. Reduced levels are found in inflammatory related conditions including sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis, and in neonatal rodents after exposure to hypoxia ischemia. In the current study, cord blood IAIP levels were measured in neonates with and without exposure to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).
Methods
This is a prospective cohort study including infants born ≥36 weeks over a one-year period. Term pregnancies were divided into two groups: a “reference control” (uncomplicated term deliveries), and “moderate to severe HIE” (qualifying for therapeutic hypothermia). IAIPs were quantified using a sensitive ELISA on the cord blood samples.
Results
The study included 57 newborns: Reference control group (n = 13) and moderate/severe HIE group (n = 44). Measurement of IAIP cord blood concentrations in moderate to severe HIE group [278.2 (138.0, 366.0) μg/ml] revealed significantly lower IAIP concentrations compared with the control group [418.6 (384.5, 445.0) μg/ml] (p = 0.002).
Conclusions
These findings suggest a potential role for IAIPs as indicators of neonates at risk for HIE. IAIP levels could have diagnostic implications in the management of HIE. Future research is required to explore the relationship between HIE and IAIPs as biomarkers for disease severity.
Category of study
Translational.
背景α间抑制蛋白(IAIPs)是一种结构相关的蛋白质,存在于全身循环中,具有免疫调节抗炎特性。在败血症和坏死性小肠结肠炎等炎症相关疾病中,以及在新生啮齿动物缺氧缺血后,都会发现IAIPs水平降低。本研究测量了缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)新生儿和未患缺氧缺血性脑病新生儿的脐带血 IAIP 水平。足月妊娠分为两组:"参照对照组"(无并发症的足月分娩)和 "中度至重度 HIE"(符合治疗性低温条件)。采用敏感的 ELISA 方法对脐带血样本中的 IAIPs 进行定量分析:参考对照组(13 例)和中度/重度 HIE 组(44 例)。与对照组[418.6 (384.5, 445.0) μg/ml]相比,中度至重度 HIE 组的 IAIP 脐带血浓度[278.2 (138.0, 366.0) μg/ml]测量结果显示明显较低 (p = 0.002)。IAIP水平可能对HIE的管理具有诊断意义。未来的研究需要探索 HIE 与作为疾病严重程度生物标志物的 IAIPs 之间的关系。
{"title":"Association between decreased cord blood inter-alpha inhibitor levels and neonatal encephalopathy at birth","authors":"Lynn Bitar , Barbara S. Stonestreet , Yow-Pin Lim , Joseph Qiu , Xiaodi Chen , Imran N. Mir , Lina F. Chalak","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Inter-alpha inhibitor proteins (IAIPs) are structurally related proteins found in the systemic circulation with immunomodulatory anti-inflammatory properties. Reduced levels are found in inflammatory related conditions including sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis, and in neonatal rodents after exposure to hypoxia ischemia. In the current study, cord blood IAIP levels were measured in neonates with and without exposure to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This is a prospective cohort study including infants born ≥36 weeks over a one-year period. Term pregnancies were divided into two groups: a “reference control” (uncomplicated term deliveries), and “moderate to severe HIE” (qualifying for therapeutic hypothermia). IAIPs were quantified using a sensitive ELISA on the cord blood samples.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The study included 57 newborns: Reference control group (n = 13) and moderate/severe HIE group (n = 44). Measurement of IAIP cord blood concentrations in moderate to severe HIE group [278.2 (138.0, 366.0) μg/ml] revealed significantly lower IAIP concentrations compared with the control group [418.6 (384.5, 445.0) μg/ml] (<em>p</em> = 0.002).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings suggest a potential role for IAIPs as indicators of neonates at risk for HIE. IAIP levels could have diagnostic implications in the management of HIE. Future research is required to explore the relationship between HIE and IAIPs as biomarkers for disease severity.</p></div><div><h3>Category of study</h3><p>Translational.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140901015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-04DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106035
Glenn Weisfeld PhD
{"title":"Commentary on Segal (2024) “Assortative parenting and assortative cross-parenting: New views of parental preference for selected children”","authors":"Glenn Weisfeld PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141054161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106031
Hassan Boskabadi , Susan Hashemi Sadr , Azadeh Darabi
Objective
Identifying factors that can better predict the prognosis of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia is important. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between electroencephalography (EEG) findings and two-year prognosis in neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia.
Methods & materials
In a cohort prospective study, we studied neonates with a total serum bilirubin level of higher than 18 mg/dL, who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Ghaem hospital, Mashhad, Iran. EEG was recorded upon admission, for all neonates. Patients' data, including demographic characteristics, admission information, and pregnancy and birth data were gathered by obtaining history from parents and studying case files. Also, the relationship between initial EEG findings and final developmental status was assessed.
Results
Mean and standard deviation age of patients were 5.46 ± 3.13 days and average serum total bilirubin level was 23.97 ± 4.34 mg/dL at admission. Our findings revealed a significant correlation between the presence of trace alternant on EEG and developmental delay (P = .001). Presence of trace alternant waves on initial EEG at admission was significantly associated with developmental delay in the two year (P = .005).
Conclusion
These results indicate a relationship between developmental prognosis and the severity of hyper bilirubinemia in neonates. Also, our findings show that the presence of trace alternate waves on the initial EEG is significantly associated with developmental delay of the neonate in the future.
{"title":"Evaluating the relationship between aEEG findings and two-year prognosis in neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia","authors":"Hassan Boskabadi , Susan Hashemi Sadr , Azadeh Darabi","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Identifying factors that can better predict the prognosis of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia is important. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between electroencephalography (EEG) findings and two-year prognosis in neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods & materials</h3><p>In a cohort prospective study, we studied neonates with a total serum bilirubin level of higher than 18 mg/dL, who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Ghaem hospital, Mashhad, Iran. EEG was recorded upon admission, for all neonates. Patients' data, including demographic characteristics, admission information, and pregnancy and birth data were gathered by obtaining history from parents and studying case files. Also, the relationship between initial EEG findings and final developmental status was assessed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Mean and standard deviation age of patients were 5.46 ± 3.13 days and average serum total bilirubin level was 23.97 ± 4.34 mg/dL at admission. Our findings revealed a significant correlation between the presence of trace alternant on EEG and developmental delay (<em>P</em> = .001). Presence of trace alternant waves on initial EEG at admission was significantly associated with developmental delay in the two year (<em>P</em> = .005).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These results indicate a relationship between developmental prognosis and the severity of hyper bilirubinemia in neonates. Also, our findings show that the presence of trace alternate waves on the initial EEG is significantly associated with developmental delay of the neonate in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140901017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106034
Hila Segal
The commentary delves into the implications of “assortative parenting” and “assortative cross-parenting,” as introduced by N. L. Segal, and situates these concepts within the framework of current research. It addresses the joys and complexities of raising twins, highlighting how their concurrent development stages can amplify parental favoritism and heighten the challenge of addressing each twin's unique needs. This interplay provides a rich context to investigate assortative parenting practices. Additionally, this paper contemplates the broader picture of twin studies, particularly how the care of monozygotic twins (who share 100 % of their genes) and dizygotic twins (who share 50 % of their genes, on average) may reveal the intertwined nature of genetics and environment in parenting strategies. It also proposes that twins' interactions with other family members, their spouses, and peers can offer profound insights into the phenomena of phenotypic assortative affiliation, enriching our understanding of close relational bonds.
这篇评论深入探讨了 N. L. Segal 提出的 "同类养育 "和 "同类交叉养育 "的含义,并将这些概念置于当前研究的框架内。该书探讨了养育双胞胎的乐趣和复杂性,强调了双胞胎同时处于不同的发展阶段会如何放大父母的偏爱,以及如何增加满足每个双胞胎独特需求的挑战。这种相互作用为研究同类养育实践提供了丰富的背景。此外,本文还对双胞胎研究进行了更广泛的思考,特别是单卵双胞胎(他们共享 100% 的基因)和双卵双胞胎(他们平均共享 50% 的基因)的照顾如何揭示了遗传和环境在养育策略中相互交织的本质。该研究还提出,双胞胎与其他家庭成员、配偶和同龄人之间的互动可为表型同类隶属关系现象提供深刻的见解,丰富我们对亲密关系纽带的理解。
{"title":"Commentary: Assortative parenting and assortative cross-parenting: New views of parental preference for selected children","authors":"Hila Segal","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The commentary delves into the implications of “assortative parenting” and “assortative cross-parenting,” as introduced by N. L. Segal, and situates these concepts within the framework of current research. It addresses the joys and complexities of raising twins, highlighting how their concurrent development stages can amplify parental favoritism and heighten the challenge of addressing each twin's unique needs. This interplay provides a rich context to investigate assortative parenting practices. Additionally, this paper contemplates the broader picture of twin studies, particularly how the care of monozygotic twins (who share 100 % of their genes) and dizygotic twins (who share 50 % of their genes, on average) may reveal the intertwined nature of genetics and environment in parenting strategies. It also proposes that twins' interactions with other family members, their spouses, and peers can offer profound insights into the phenomena of phenotypic assortative affiliation, enriching our understanding of close relational bonds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140918459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106033
Mary S. Tarsha, Darcia Narvaez
Background
The Evolved Developmental Niche (EDN) is a millions-year-old developmental system that matches the maturational schedule of the offspring, optimizing health. Every animal has a developmental niche.
Aims
Humanity has fallen away from providing its EDN. Does it matter?
Study design
Several components of humanity's EDN were reviewed (breastfeeding, positive touch, allomothers, responsive care, free play) in relation to cardiac vagal nerve regulation, a signal of healthy development.
Focal subjects were young children.
Outcome measures
A review of research on the selected EDN components in relation to vagal nerve function was performed. Data were available for all but the allomother component, which is typically not measured by western researchers, although allomothers provide EDN components alongside parents.
Results
Apart from the lack of research on allomother effects, all these EDN components have been shown to influence cardiac vagal regulation in young children.
Conclusions
Converging evidence suggests that providing the EDN in early life may not only support aspects of a child's primal health system, but bolster capacities for social health and wellness, the cornerstone of a positive life trajectory.
{"title":"Humanity's evolved nest and its relation to cardiac vagal regulation in the first years of life","authors":"Mary S. Tarsha, Darcia Narvaez","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The Evolved Developmental Niche (EDN) is a millions-year-old developmental system that matches the maturational schedule of the offspring, optimizing health. Every animal has a developmental niche.</p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>Humanity has fallen away from providing its EDN. Does it matter?</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Several components of humanity's EDN were reviewed (breastfeeding, positive touch, allomothers, responsive care, free play) in relation to cardiac vagal nerve regulation, a signal of healthy development.</p><p>Focal <strong>subjects</strong> were young children.</p></div><div><h3>Outcome measures</h3><p>A review of research on the selected EDN components in relation to vagal nerve function was performed. Data were available for all but the allomother component, which is typically not measured by western researchers, although allomothers provide EDN components alongside parents.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Apart from the lack of research on allomother effects, all these EDN components have been shown to influence cardiac vagal regulation in young children.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Converging evidence suggests that providing the EDN in early life may not only support aspects of a child's primal health system, but bolster capacities for social health and wellness, the cornerstone of a positive life trajectory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140918458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fetal face measurements in prenatal ultrasound can aid in identifying craniofacial abnormalities in the developing fetus. However, the accuracy and reliability of ultrasound measurements can be affected by factors such as fetal position, image quality, and the sonographer's expertise. This study assesses the accuracy and reliability of fetal facial measurements in prenatal ultrasound. Additionally, the temporal evolution of measurements is studied, comparing prenatal and postnatal measurements.
Methods
Three different experts located up to 23 facial landmarks in 49 prenatal 3D ultrasound scans from normal Caucasian fetuses at weeks 20, 26, and 35 of gestation. Intra- and inter-observer variability was obtained. Postnatal facial measurements were also obtained at 15 days and 1 month postpartum.
Results
Most facial landmarks exhibited low errors, with overall intra- and inter-observer errors of 1.01 mm and 1.60 mm, respectively. Landmarks on the nose were found to be the most reliable, while the most challenging ones were those located on the ears and eyes. Overall, scans obtained at 26 weeks of gestation presented the best trade-off between observer variability and landmark visibility. The temporal evolution of the measurements revealed that the lower face area had the highest rate of growth throughout the latest stages of pregnancy.
Conclusions
Craniofacial landmarks can be evaluated using 3D fetal ultrasound, especially those located on the nose, mouth, and chin. Despite its limitations, this study provides valuable insights into prenatal and postnatal biometric changes over time, which could aid in developing predictive models for postnatal measurements based on prenatal data.
{"title":"Accuracy and repeatability of fetal facial measurements in 3D ultrasound: A longitudinal study","authors":"Nerea González-Aranceta , Antonia Alomar , Ricardo Rubio , Silvia Maya-Enero , Antonio Payá , Gemma Piella , Federico Sukno","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Fetal face measurements in prenatal ultrasound can aid in identifying craniofacial abnormalities in the developing fetus. However, the accuracy and reliability of ultrasound measurements can be affected by factors such as fetal position, image quality, and the sonographer's expertise. This study assesses the accuracy and reliability of fetal facial measurements in prenatal ultrasound. Additionally, the temporal evolution of measurements is studied, comparing prenatal and postnatal measurements.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Three different experts located up to 23 facial landmarks in 49 prenatal 3D ultrasound scans from normal Caucasian fetuses at weeks 20, 26, and 35 of gestation. Intra- and inter-observer variability was obtained. Postnatal facial measurements were also obtained at 15 days and 1 month postpartum.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Most facial landmarks exhibited low errors, with overall intra- and inter-observer errors of 1.01 mm and 1.60 mm, respectively. Landmarks on the nose were found to be the most reliable, while the most challenging ones were those located on the ears and eyes. Overall, scans obtained at 26 weeks of gestation presented the best trade-off between observer variability and landmark visibility. The temporal evolution of the measurements revealed that the lower face area had the highest rate of growth throughout the latest stages of pregnancy.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Craniofacial landmarks can be evaluated using 3D fetal ultrasound, especially those located on the nose, mouth, and chin. Despite its limitations, this study provides valuable insights into prenatal and postnatal biometric changes over time, which could aid in developing predictive models for postnatal measurements based on prenatal data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140825626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-26DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106020
A.E. den Heijer , A.S.N. Jansen , M. van Kersbergen , N.H. van Dokkum , S.A. Reijneveld , J.M. Spikman , M.L.A. de Kroon , A.F. Bos
Background
Early preterm (EP) born children are at risk of neurocognitive impairments persisting into adulthood. Less is known about moderately to late (MLP) preterm born children, especially after early childhood. The aim of this study was to assess neurocognitive functioning of MLP adolescents regarding intelligence, executive and attentional functioning, compared with EP and full-term (FT) adolescents.
Methods
This study was part of the Longitudinal Preterm Outcome Project (LOLLIPOP), a large community-based observational cohort study. In total 294 children (81 EP, 130 MLP, and 83 FT) were tested at age 14 to 16 years, regarding intelligence, speed of processing, attention, and executive functions. We used the Dutch version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition-Dutch Version (WISC-III-NL), the Test of Everyday Attention for Children, and the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome for Children. We assessed differences between preterm-born groups with the FT group as a reference.
Results
Compared to the FT group, MLP adolescents scored significantly lower on two subtasks of the WISC-III-NL, i.e. Similarities and Symbol Search. EP adolescents performed significantly lower on all neuropsychological tests than their FT peers, except for the subtask Vocabulary. The MLP adolescents scored in between FT and EP adolescents on all tasks, except for three WISC-III-NL subtasks.
Conclusions
Neurocognitive outcomes of MLP adolescents fell mostly in between outcomes of their EP and FT peers. MLPs generally performed on a low-average to average level, and appeared susceptible to a variety of moderate neurodevelopmental problems at adolescent age, which deserves attention in clinical practice.
{"title":"Neurocognitive outcomes in moderately preterm born adolescents","authors":"A.E. den Heijer , A.S.N. Jansen , M. van Kersbergen , N.H. van Dokkum , S.A. Reijneveld , J.M. Spikman , M.L.A. de Kroon , A.F. Bos","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Early preterm (EP) born children are at risk of neurocognitive impairments persisting into adulthood. Less is known about moderately to late (MLP) preterm born children, especially after early childhood. The aim of this study was to assess neurocognitive functioning of MLP adolescents regarding intelligence, executive and attentional functioning, compared with EP and full-term (FT) adolescents.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study was part of the Longitudinal Preterm Outcome Project (LOLLIPOP), a large community-based observational cohort study. In total 294 children (81 EP, 130 MLP, and 83 FT) were tested at age 14 to 16 years, regarding intelligence, speed of processing, attention, and executive functions. We used the Dutch version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition-Dutch Version (WISC-III-NL), the Test of Everyday Attention for Children, and the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome for Children. We assessed differences between preterm-born groups with the FT group as a reference.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Compared to the FT group, MLP adolescents scored significantly lower on two subtasks of the WISC-III-NL, i.e. Similarities and Symbol Search. EP adolescents performed significantly lower on all neuropsychological tests than their FT peers, except for the subtask Vocabulary. The MLP adolescents scored in between FT and EP adolescents on all tasks, except for three WISC-III-NL subtasks.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Neurocognitive outcomes of MLP adolescents fell mostly in between outcomes of their EP and FT peers. MLPs generally performed on a low-average to average level, and appeared susceptible to a variety of moderate neurodevelopmental problems at adolescent age, which deserves attention in clinical practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140901016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-26DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106014
Philipp Steinbauer , Tamara Lisy , Francisco J. Monje , Eva Chwala , Brigitte Wildner , Hannah Schned , Philipp Deindl , Angelika Berger , Vito Giordano , Monika Olischar
Background and aim
Neonatal intensive care treatment, including frequently performed painful procedures and administration of analgesic drugs, can have different effects on the neurodevelopment. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the influence of pain, opiate administration, and pre-emptive opiate administration on pain threshold in animal studies in rodents, which had a brain development corresponding to preterm and term infants.
Methods
A systematic literature search of electronic data bases including CENTRAL (OVID), CINAHL (EBSCO), Embase.com, Medline (OVID), Web of Science, and PsycInfo (OVID) was conducted. A total of 42 studies examining the effect of pain (n = 38), opiate administration (n = 9), and opiate administration prior to a painful event (n = 5) in rodents were included in this analysis.
Results
The results revealed that pain (g = 0.42, 95%CI 0.16–0.67, p = 0.001) increased pain threshold leading to hypoalgesia. Pre-emptive opiate administration had the opposite effect, lowering pain threshold, when compared to pain without prior treatment (g = −1.79, 95%CI −2.71–0.86, p = 0.0001).
Differences were found in the meta regression for type of stimulus (thermal: g = 0.66, 95%CI 0.26–1.07, p = 0.001; vs. mechanical: g = 0.13, 95%CI −0.98–1.25, p = 0.81) and gestational age (b = −1.85, SE = 0.82, p = 0.027). In addition, meta regression indicated an association between higher pain thresholds and the amount of cumulative pain events (b = 0.06, SE = 0.03, p = 0.05) as well as severity of pain events (b = 0.94, SE = 0.28, p = 0.001).
Conclusion
Neonatal exposure to pain results in higher pain thresholds. However, caution is warranted in extrapolating these findings directly to premature infants. Further research is warranted to validate similar effects in clinical contexts and inform evidence-based practices in neonatal care.
{"title":"Impact of neonatal pain and opiate administration in animal models: A meta-analysis concerning pain threshold","authors":"Philipp Steinbauer , Tamara Lisy , Francisco J. Monje , Eva Chwala , Brigitte Wildner , Hannah Schned , Philipp Deindl , Angelika Berger , Vito Giordano , Monika Olischar","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aim</h3><p>Neonatal intensive care treatment, including frequently performed painful procedures and administration of analgesic drugs, can have different effects on the neurodevelopment. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the influence of pain, opiate administration, and pre-emptive opiate administration on pain threshold in animal studies in rodents, which had a brain development corresponding to preterm and term infants.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A systematic literature search of electronic data bases including CENTRAL (OVID), CINAHL (EBSCO), Embase.com, Medline (OVID), Web of Science, and PsycInfo (OVID) was conducted. A total of 42 studies examining the effect of pain (n = 38), opiate administration (n = 9), and opiate administration prior to a painful event (n = 5) in rodents were included in this analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results revealed that pain (g = 0.42, 95%CI 0.16–0.67, <em>p</em> = 0.001) increased pain threshold leading to hypoalgesia. Pre-emptive opiate administration had the opposite effect, lowering pain threshold, when compared to pain without prior treatment (g = −1.79, 95%CI −2.71–0.86, <em>p</em> = 0.0001).</p><p>Differences were found in the meta regression for type of stimulus (thermal: g = 0.66, 95%CI 0.26–1.07, <em>p</em> = 0.001; vs. mechanical: g = 0.13, 95%CI −0.98–1.25, <em>p</em> = 0.81) and gestational age (b = −1.85, SE = 0.82, <em>p</em> = 0.027). In addition, meta regression indicated an association between higher pain thresholds and the amount of cumulative pain events (b = 0.06, SE = 0.03, <em>p</em> = 0.05) as well as severity of pain events (b = 0.94, SE = 0.28, <em>p</em> = 0.001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Neonatal exposure to pain results in higher pain thresholds. However, caution is warranted in extrapolating these findings directly to premature infants. Further research is warranted to validate similar effects in clinical contexts and inform evidence-based practices in neonatal care.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140825625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}