Early human development最新文献

{"title":"Reference curves of first-trimester novel measurements of the fetal urinary tract using three-dimensional ultrasound and Virtual Reality","authors":"K. Zandbergen ,&nbsp;A.G.M.G.J. Mulders ,&nbsp;L. van der Bas ,&nbsp;A.H.J. Koning ,&nbsp;S. Galjaard ,&nbsp;J. Mulder ,&nbsp;E.A.P. Steegers ,&nbsp;M. Rousian","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this research was to assess the feasibility and reproducibility of first-trimester biometric and volumetric measurements of the fetal urinary tract (FUT) using three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound (US) and Virtual Reality (VR), and to establish reference curves. In a prospective cohort, 2D- and 3D-US datasets of pregnancies (gestational age (GA) 11⁺⁰–14⁺⁶ weeks) were obtained. Novel biometric and volumetric FUT measurements were performed using 3D VR and compared with 2D US measurements. Reproducibility was evaluated through intra-, interobserver and intersystem agreement (ICC, Bland-Altman). All measurements were plotted against GA to create reference curves. A total of 108 3D-US datasets (mean GA 12⁺⁶ weeks (SD 5 days) mean CRL 67 mm (SD 9.0 mm)) were selected randomly. Using 3D VR, intra- and interobserver analyses showed moderate-good agreement for all FUT measurements (ICCs &gt;0.77) and renal calyces (ICCs 0.51–0.83). Volumetric measurements showed the highest agreement (ICC &gt;0.96). Comparison of 2D-US and 3D VR demonstrated good agreement (ICC 0.81). Mean relative differences were &lt;10 % for all measurements except coronal renal calyx measurements. All FUT dimensions increased with GA and reference curve were constructed. First-trimester FUT measurements using 3D VR are feasible and reproducible, except for renal calyces. These measurements provide an in-vivo description of early FUT growth with potential diagnostic value for anomalies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 106441"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145621595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digit ratio (2D:4D), physical strength, and aggression in Turkish young adults: A biobehavioral analysis","authors":"Fırat Koç","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to examine the associations between digit ratio (2D:4D), handgrip strength (HGS), and aggression in young adults, proposing a biobehavioral model to elucidate the biological foundations of aggressive behavior. Sex differences in these associations were also explored.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 410 Turkish university students (208 males, 202 females) aged 18–25 participated in the study. Sociodemographic data were collected, and aggression was measured using the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). The lengths of the second and fourth digits were measured bilaterally using a digital caliper, and handgrip strength was assessed with a Camry EH101 digital dynamometer following standardized procedures. Analyses included sex-stratified correlations, multiple regressions, and group comparisons across HGS tertiles.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Males showed significantly lower right-hand 2D:4D ratios (0.931 vs. 0.963; <em>p</em> &lt; .001), higher handgrip strength (47.3 kg vs. 27.6 kg; <em>p</em> &lt; .001), and elevated aggression scores (76.9 vs. 65.3; <em>p</em> &lt; .001) compared to females. Right-hand 2D:4D was negatively correlated with both HGS (<em>r</em> = −0.32, <em>p</em> &lt; .01) and aggression (<em>r</em> = −0.26, <em>p</em> &lt; .01), while HGS was positively associated with aggression (<em>r</em> = +0.18, <em>p</em> &lt; .05). In simple regression, right-hand 2D:4D significantly predicted aggression (β = −0.29, <em>R</em>^<em>2</em> = 0.045, <em>p</em> &lt; .001). A multiple regression including 2D:4D, sex, HGS, and age explained 27 % of the variance in aggression (<em>R</em>^<em>2</em> = 0.27, <em>F</em>(4,405) = 25.41, <em>p</em> &lt; .001), with HGS remaining a significant predictor (β = +0.10, <em>p</em> = .023). Aggression also varied across HGS tertiles (<em>F</em>(2,407) = 12.7, <em>p</em> &lt; .001), with higher aggression scores observed in the highest-strength group. Notably, the negative association between 2D:4D and aggression was stronger in males and non-significant in females, indicating potential sex-specific biological pathways.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings support a biobehavioral framework in which both digit ratio and physical strength are linked to aggression, particularly in males. The results align with formidability-based models of aggression, emphasizing the role of prenatal androgen exposure and musculoskeletal capacity in shaping behavioral tendencies. Integrating anatomical and functional traits offers valuable insight into the biological underpinnings of aggression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 106445"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145603205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of guidelines for early detection of cerebral palsy. A single-site study in Spain","authors":"Álvaro Hidalgo-Robles ,&nbsp;María Del Mar Batista-Guerra ,&nbsp;Mónica Gutiérrez-Ortega ,&nbsp;Irene León-Estrada ,&nbsp;Javier Merino-Andrés","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The 2017 international guidelines for early detection of cerebral palsy (CP) provide a framework for identifying and managing infants at risk. Yet their implementation in clinical practice remains limited in some settings and countries. This study aimed to implement these guidelines in a Spanish tertiary hospital and assess their impact on the timing of CP diagnosis and referral to early intervention. A pre/post observational design was used, structured around a three-phase implementation strategy: (1) planning and preparation, (2) installation, and (3) early implementation of systematic screening of infants with “high-risk” markers. We compared a historical baseline cohort (born 2017–2021, <em>n</em> = 18 children diagnosed with CP) and an implementation cohort (born 2022–2023, <em>n</em> = 57 enrolled, <em>n</em> = 4 children diagnosed with CP). Among infants with CP in the implementation cohort, referral to early intervention occurred at a mean corrected age of 1.9 months, “high-risk” of CP designation at 3.7 months, and CP diagnosis at 9.2 months. In the baseline period, mean age at diagnosis was 17.4 months, yielding a mean reduction of 8.2 months during implementation (95 % CI: −13.8 to −2.6, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Twelve key recommendations were partially (50 %) or consistently (20 %) applied. Findings support the feasibility of implementing the guidelines and suggest improved identification and surveillance outcomes, including earlier diagnosis. Structured implementation pathways are needed to integrate these practices into routine care and promote equitable access across health systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 106443"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145660797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early language delay among infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy after therapeutic hypothermia: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Zsuzsanna Varga ,&nbsp;Miklós Szabó ,&nbsp;Tamás Kói ,&nbsp;Bence Kas ,&nbsp;Nóra Nyilas ,&nbsp;Anna Dósa ,&nbsp;Dóra Luca Bodócs ,&nbsp;Ágnes Jermendy ,&nbsp;Anett Ragó","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To assess early language development in infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE), treated with therapeutic hypothermia (TH) who survived without functional motor deficits, and to identify potential neonatal predictive markers for early language delay (ELD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a prospective cohort study, 77 infants with HIE treated with TH were recruited. Cognitive development was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition, and language development using the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory in follow-up studies at a median age of 20 months.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-two (41 %) infants had favorable cognitive and language development (FCLD group), 19 (25 %) exhibited ELD despite good cognitive skills, and 26 (34 %) showed concomitant adverse cognitive and language development (ACLD group). Despite differences in cognitive outcomes, the language profiles of the ELD and ACLD groups were comparable. No early clinical, socioeconomical, or MRI markers predicted language delay. However, maternal education was strongly associated with cognitive outcomes. Compared with maternal university education, infants of mothers with high school education had 3.9-fold higher odds (95 % CI 1.08–13.97) of adverse cognitive outcomes, and those with maternal elementary school education had 10.2-fold higher odds (95 % CI 2.56–40.31).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>One-third of infants with HIE demonstrated favorable cognitive outcomes but concurrent early language delay, highlighting the need for linguistic screening to prevent later learning disorders. Longitudinal studies are warranted to determine whether ELD infants eventually catch up or remain at risk for persistent language deficits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 106444"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145577899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Universal maternal testing for group B streptococcus in late pregnancy: process outcomes and alongside qualitative study for the GBS3 trial","authors":"Jane P. Daniels ,&nbsp;Kate F. Walker ,&nbsp;Lucy Bradshaw ,&nbsp;Jon Dorling ,&nbsp;Shalini Ojha ,&nbsp;James Gray ,&nbsp;James G. Thornton ,&nbsp;Jane Plumb ,&nbsp;Stavros Petrou ,&nbsp;Susan Ayers ,&nbsp;Eleanor Mitchell ,&nbsp;Soo Downe ,&nbsp;Nicky Grace ,&nbsp;Tracey Cooper ,&nbsp;Rachel Plachcinski ,&nbsp;Sarah Moore ,&nbsp;Ann-Marie Jones ,&nbsp;Eleanor Harrison ,&nbsp;Joanne Brooks ,&nbsp;Kerry Barker-Williams ,&nbsp;Sebastian Moody","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>One in five pregnant women/birthing people carry group B streptococcus in the gut or genital tract, and over half of them will pass it to their child during pregnancy, labour (most commonly) or after birth. Most babies exposed to maternal GBS remain well, but 1 in 1750 newborns in the UK and Ireland develop early-onset GBS infection. Introducing routine testing for group B streptococcus (GBS) for all pregnant women and birthing people in late pregnancy may reduce cases of early-onset infection in the newborn but would likely increase the number of women given antibiotics during labour.</div><div>The GBS3 trial (ISRCTN49639731) is a cluster-randomised trial involving approximately 320,000 women/birthing people from 80 maternity units in England and Wales. It will determine the clinical and cost-effectiveness of routine testing, compared to the current risk-factor based strategy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To obtain details of the timing, coverage and outcome of the testing process and use of IAP, about 130 consecutive maternity records of women who birthed after 32 weeks’ gestation and who were not scheduled for a planned caesarean birth, and the corresponding neonatal records, were scrutinised at each participating maternity unit.</div><div>We performed a baseline qualitative study to inform the trial design to explore women’s views on the acceptability of different methods of GBS testing in pregnancy, including self-swabbing procedures.</div><div>We explored the acceptability of different methods of routine testing for GBS colonisation to pregnant women and health care professionals (HCPs), and examined the barriers and facilitators to their implementation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We received detailed demographic data for 9179 women. Overall, in both testing groups, 72 % of women were offered a vaginal-rectal swab for GBS. Of those women offered a swab, 82 % accepted a vaginal-rectal swab. Of the women with a swab taken, 17 % were positive for GBS. 87 % of women had a test result ≥ 4 hours before birth.</div><div>Our baseline and embedded qualitative studies found that GBS testing is acceptable to most women and HCPs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>GBS testing is acceptable to pregnant women and health care professionals in the UK. When GBS testing is offered to eligible women, the offer is accepted, the test performed and a result available to guide the offer of IAP in a timely fashion for the majority of women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 106442"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145654114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive factors of surgery in congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract: Insights from a monocentric cohort study","authors":"Ashley Xavérine Wiseman ,&nbsp;Isabelle Vidal ,&nbsp;Christophe Combescure ,&nbsp;Cecilia Dallan ,&nbsp;Alexandra Wilhelm-Bals ,&nbsp;Maria Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Paloma Parvex ,&nbsp;Jacques Birraux","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Congenital malformations of the kidney and/or urinary tract (CAKUT) are nowadays widely detected prenatally and are the first cause of end-stage renal disease and kidney transplantation in children.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>The aim of this study is to explore potential prenatal and postnatal factors associated with the need for postnatal surgery in children prenatally diagnosed with CAKUT.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patient data has been prospectively collected from a monocentric database. Were included children diagnosed with CAKUT at the time of routine prenatal ultrasound, between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2015. Only children with at least 12 months postnatal follow-up were analyzed. Prenatal and postnatal imaging, laboratory results and operative reports were retrospectively reviewed. Based on their CAKUT diagnosis at birth, patients were divided in three groups: high, intermediate, low likelihood of requiring surgical management. Patients from the intermediate sub-group were further analyzed to determine potential clinical or radiological factors associated with need for surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>147 patients were included. In total, 39 patients with CAKUT required surgery (26 %). Mean time to surgery was 6 months (0–62 months). 105/147 (71 %) patients had intermediate likelihood of requiring surgical management for their postnatal CAKUT diagnosis. In this subgroup, 30/105 patients (28 %) were operated on. A visible ureter on prenatal ultrasound and an anterior posterior renal pelvis diameter ≥ 10 mm, were associated with postnatal surgical management in our practice.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Prenatal and postnatal ultrasound are important non-invasive tools to detect children with a prenatal CAKUT diagnosis that may require surgery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 106439"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145563254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of endotracheal tube position changes due to neck rotation in newborns","authors":"Hidehiko Maruyama,&nbsp;Shoichiro Amari,&nbsp;Tetsuya Isayama,&nbsp;Yushi Ito","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There are few reports describing endotracheal tube (ETT) position changes due to neck rotation. Modifying ultrasonographic measurements of ETT tip and aortic distance, we aim to clarify the ETT tip position changes due to neck rotation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eligibility criteria: (1) birth between October 2022 and September 2023, between 32 and 41 gestational weeks, (2) ventilatory management with ETT fixed at the left mouth corner, and (3) physician judgment that respiratory and circulatory status is relatively stable. We measured the distance between the brachiocephalic artery bifurcation and the ETT tip on one plane in a close parasagittal section from the left neck. We compared them with the neck in right, neutral, and left rotation positions as distances <em>R</em>, <em>N</em>, and <em>L</em>, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 30 study subjects. The means ± standard deviations of distances <em>R</em>, <em>N</em>, and <em>L</em> were 10.4 ± 2.1, 12.9 ± 3.5, and 13.7 ± 3.3 mm, respectively. Repeated measures analysis of variance found significant differences between groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). A significant difference was found between distances <em>R</em> and <em>N</em> (mean difference − 2.50 [95 % confidence interval, −3.58, −1.42]) and between <em>R</em> and <em>L</em> (−3.31 [−4.72, −1.91]).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The tip position of ETT secured at the left mouth corner was significantly deeper in the right rotation neck position. In addition to left-right neck rotation, flexion-extension neck movement greatly affects ETT position change. Therefore, we must take care of neck movement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 106436"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145479116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of physical activities on physical literacy and cognitive performance of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).","authors":"Morteza Homayounnia Firouzjah, Morteza Pourazar, Saeed Nazari Kakvandi, Refail Azadian Dalasm","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most severe childhood disorders and every child with this disorder has a unique situation in terms of strengths or challenges in cognitive, motor, emotional and social fields.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design and a control group. The statistical population in this research included all (ASD) from 8 to 12 years old in the educational centers for children with this disorder in Mazandaran province in 2024. Random sampling method was applied to select the target sample, based on which 30 children with autism spectrum disorders were selected for this study. The training program was taken from Horwitz and Sissel (Horwitz R), which includes reinforcement, games, and sports activities for children, performed by the experimental group for 24 sessions (60 min each session and for 70 days). Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy - Second Edition (CAPL-2) was employed to assess physical literacy and Tower of London test for cognitive performance. The data were analyzed by multivariate covariance method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The obtained results indicated that for the total physical literacy, the results of the post-hoc-test for the main effect of Practice intervention showed that the experimental group is significantly different from control group, all p < 0.05. Means comparisons showed that the experimental group resulted in higher physical literacy than control group. Also time test (reaction time) from the series of tests of the tower of London (Cognitive Performance) no significant differences two groups in the pre-test (F > 1), confirming that the two groups did not differ before training.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Therefore, it can be concluded that performing physical activities as an essential and main part of the daily schedule of these children can provide effective consequences in improving their cognitive performance and physical literacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"210 ","pages":"106350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144798481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between fetal movement and maternal-fetal attachment in late pregnancy.","authors":"Kathy Ayala, Lissa Falcioni, Jeff Eilbott, Jocelyn Lamore, Kristin Voegtline, Helena J V Rutherford","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) represents the evolving psychological bond between a pregnant person and their fetus, reflecting early emotional investment and expectations of the maternal role. Maternal awareness and response to fetal movement are key components of MFA, suggesting that fetal activity may serve as a meaningful cue in the development of maternal representations of the baby. Previous work shows that engaging in fetal movement counting significantly enhances MFA scores, and mothers who perceive greater fetal movements have higher MFA scores compared to those who perceive fewer movements. However, it remains unclear if this association reflects perception alone, or whether associations between objective fetal movement and MFA exist. Therefore, we objectively measured fetal movement alongside MFA in 51 pregnant women (mean age 28.9 years, SD = 6.0) in their third trimester (mean gestational weeks 36.7, SD = 2.2). Fetal movement was objectively measured with a Toitu MT-516 fetal actocardiograph and MFA was assessed using the Prenatal Attachment Inventory-Revised. Greater fetal movement was associated with higher MFA scores, independent of maternal mood, parity, knowledge of fetal sex, and gestational age. Taken together, these findings underscore the relevance of fetal movement within the psychology of pregnancy, suggesting that fetal movement outside of maternal perception may function as a communicative signal to enhance MFA. As maternal-fetal attachment is linked to postpartum bonding and caregiving, understanding these prenatal associations provides insight into how early psychological and relational processes shape postnatal development across the perinatal period.</p>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"210 ","pages":"106351"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12715726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144798480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the neurological impact of prematurity: Shared mechanisms in periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and hydrocephalus","authors":"Oludamilola Adeshina ,&nbsp;Tara P. Menon ,&nbsp;Ayushi Ambekar ,&nbsp;Collin Tanchanco ,&nbsp;Jordan Darden","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The earlier a baby is born, the greater the risk for developing complications, particularly relating to the development of the brain and neurological development. Common conditions seen with premature infants are periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), also known as white matter injury, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and hydrocephalus. These conditions may result in varying degrees of structural damage to the brain parenchyma. This paper aims to discuss the shared pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical presentation, and current treatment approaches for PVL, IVH and hydrocephalus in premature infants with a focus on future research directions at improving neurodevelopmental outcomes. While the basic science continues to evolve rapidly, it is essential that future work prioritizes clinical translatability. Our review highlights an urgent need for therapies that balance efficacy and safety in these vulnerable patient populations. Collaborative efforts between clinicians and researchers will be vital to bridge this gap and ultimately improve outcomes for preterm infants affected by PVL, IVH, and hydrocephalus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 106435"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145450541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}