Pub Date : 2020-08-10DOI: 10.1515/9783110684346-011
Vivien Prigent
: The paper aims at offering a presentation of the evolution of the Ravennate coinage. First a brief overview of the gold denominations struck by the mint is pro-vided along with some explanation of the changing pattern of production. The initial domination of the tremissis is linked to economic relations with the Frankish world. New types of Ravennate semisses and tremisses for the reign of Heraclius are introduced to complement the standard catalogues, leading to modifications in the chronology of the various emissions. During the reign of Constans II, several marks of mysterious meaning were introduced on the coinage, a fact tentatively explained by the involvement of private goldsmiths and craftsmen in the coin production. A new attribution of the famous earrings of Senise to a Ravennate workshop lends support to the hypothesis. The article then addresses the problem of the drastic weight reduction of the silver coinage during the 6th and 7th centuries. The problem is tackled from the point of view of the relative value of gold, silver and bronze and exchange rates with the metropolitan coinage. This approach leads to propose the following system at the end of the 6th century: one solidus for 864 folleis , 6 folleis for a silver coin of 240 nummi , 24 pounds of bronze for one solidus . Furthermore, the weight reduction of the silver is explained as a side effect of the debasement of the bronze coinage. Finally, the metrology of the bronze coinage is analysed in relation to its Ostrogothic predecessor, leading towards the reattribution to a North Adriatic mint of a light-weight Justinian follis hitherto catalogued under the mint of Catania and to a reassessment of the importance of the half follis in connexion with the metrology of the Constantinopolitan coinage.
{"title":"10 Notes on the Production and Circulation of the Byzantine Ravennate Coinage","authors":"Vivien Prigent","doi":"10.1515/9783110684346-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110684346-011","url":null,"abstract":": The paper aims at offering a presentation of the evolution of the Ravennate coinage. First a brief overview of the gold denominations struck by the mint is pro-vided along with some explanation of the changing pattern of production. The initial domination of the tremissis is linked to economic relations with the Frankish world. New types of Ravennate semisses and tremisses for the reign of Heraclius are introduced to complement the standard catalogues, leading to modifications in the chronology of the various emissions. During the reign of Constans II, several marks of mysterious meaning were introduced on the coinage, a fact tentatively explained by the involvement of private goldsmiths and craftsmen in the coin production. A new attribution of the famous earrings of Senise to a Ravennate workshop lends support to the hypothesis. The article then addresses the problem of the drastic weight reduction of the silver coinage during the 6th and 7th centuries. The problem is tackled from the point of view of the relative value of gold, silver and bronze and exchange rates with the metropolitan coinage. This approach leads to propose the following system at the end of the 6th century: one solidus for 864 folleis , 6 folleis for a silver coin of 240 nummi , 24 pounds of bronze for one solidus . Furthermore, the weight reduction of the silver is explained as a side effect of the debasement of the bronze coinage. Finally, the metrology of the bronze coinage is analysed in relation to its Ostrogothic predecessor, leading towards the reattribution to a North Adriatic mint of a light-weight Justinian follis hitherto catalogued under the mint of Catania and to a reassessment of the importance of the half follis in connexion with the metrology of the Constantinopolitan coinage.","PeriodicalId":114648,"journal":{"name":"Ravenna and the Traditions of Late Antique and Early Byzantine Craftsmanship","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117322706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-10DOI: 10.1515/9783110684346-006
{"title":"5 Ivory Production: Commerce, Culture and Power","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9783110684346-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110684346-006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114648,"journal":{"name":"Ravenna and the Traditions of Late Antique and Early Byzantine Craftsmanship","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116259705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-10DOI: 10.1515/9783110684346-008
{"title":"7 The Social Sphere of Writing: Manuscripts, Inscriptions and Papyri","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9783110684346-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110684346-008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114648,"journal":{"name":"Ravenna and the Traditions of Late Antique and Early Byzantine Craftsmanship","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129251661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-10DOI: 10.1515/9783110684346-003
{"title":"2 Late Antique Making and Wonder","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9783110684346-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110684346-003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114648,"journal":{"name":"Ravenna and the Traditions of Late Antique and Early Byzantine Craftsmanship","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124774331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-10DOI: 10.1515/9783110684346-002
P. Arthur
: Archaeology is helping to define the changing geography of artefact production between the 6th and the 8th centuries, a seminal period for the economic development of the later Middle Ages. This paper presents a selection of the evidence for different classes of resources and objects, arguing that the geography of professional artefact production was largely conditioned by a policy of survival of the post-Roman successor states, particularly Byzantium, the élite and the capital cities. It permitted the maintenance or redirection of communication networks and the distribution of many products to government officials, the army and other privileged parties, throughout the Mediterranean and beyond. The bulk of the population, on other hand, with limited access to capital and to marketplaces, had to rely ever increasingly on self-sufficiency in the supply of fundamental items of daily use.
{"title":"1 The Changing Geography of Artefact Production in the Late Antique and Early Byzantine Mediterranean","authors":"P. Arthur","doi":"10.1515/9783110684346-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110684346-002","url":null,"abstract":": Archaeology is helping to define the changing geography of artefact production between the 6th and the 8th centuries, a seminal period for the economic development of the later Middle Ages. This paper presents a selection of the evidence for different classes of resources and objects, arguing that the geography of professional artefact production was largely conditioned by a policy of survival of the post-Roman successor states, particularly Byzantium, the élite and the capital cities. It permitted the maintenance or redirection of communication networks and the distribution of many products to government officials, the army and other privileged parties, throughout the Mediterranean and beyond. The bulk of the population, on other hand, with limited access to capital and to marketplaces, had to rely ever increasingly on self-sufficiency in the supply of fundamental items of daily use.","PeriodicalId":114648,"journal":{"name":"Ravenna and the Traditions of Late Antique and Early Byzantine Craftsmanship","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125795508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-10DOI: 10.1515/9783110684346-fm
{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9783110684346-fm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110684346-fm","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114648,"journal":{"name":"Ravenna and the Traditions of Late Antique and Early Byzantine Craftsmanship","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127252912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-10DOI: 10.1515/9783110684346-010
{"title":"9 Ravenna, Classe and its Surroundings: Pottery as a Mirror of Everyday Life","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9783110684346-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110684346-010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114648,"journal":{"name":"Ravenna and the Traditions of Late Antique and Early Byzantine Craftsmanship","volume":"94 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115830140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-10DOI: 10.1515/9783110684346-012
{"title":"11 Concluding Remarks. One","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9783110684346-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110684346-012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114648,"journal":{"name":"Ravenna and the Traditions of Late Antique and Early Byzantine Craftsmanship","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116461387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-10DOI: 10.1515/9783110684346-009
Debora Ferreri
: The transformation and development of burial rites between the 4th and the 8th centuries were not uniform and there were various intermediate stages according to different towns and the variability of the archaeological record. This paper analyses a sample of Ravenna and its territory focusing on the practice of laying object with the dead, the presence of grave goods inside tombs and their ritual significance, as well as the types of burials and the concept of funerary space used within the new imperial see. The archaeological excavation and new research of the basilica and monastery of San Severo and the port area at Classe offer a lot of knowledge for understanding funerary practice and the relationship between the space of the living and the space of the dead in Late Antiquity and at the beginnings of the Middle Ages. From the 5th century the relationship between the living and the dead changes. The spaces of the living and the dead were not separated but united in the everyday sphere as interactive categories, also in Ravenna and its territory. The location of the burials is founded on the belief that the spaces within which funeral ritual and burials took place had an important effect on their form and experienced meaning, and that, reciprocally, ritual uses produced or constituted urban spaces. Death is part of everyday life, and the burials are close to homes. This change in the man-agement of the urban spaces reflects a new cultural and social concept. The intra-mural burials may yield important evidence on urban religion, ritual, social change organization and topography. 1 Roman types different regions. Roman cappuccina, sarcophagi enchytrismos , and new ones appeared. late 5th use of funerary inscriptions begins to recede does not disappear completely.
{"title":"8 Grave Goods and Burial Typologies: Funerary Customs in Ravenna","authors":"Debora Ferreri","doi":"10.1515/9783110684346-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110684346-009","url":null,"abstract":": The transformation and development of burial rites between the 4th and the 8th centuries were not uniform and there were various intermediate stages according to different towns and the variability of the archaeological record. This paper analyses a sample of Ravenna and its territory focusing on the practice of laying object with the dead, the presence of grave goods inside tombs and their ritual significance, as well as the types of burials and the concept of funerary space used within the new imperial see. The archaeological excavation and new research of the basilica and monastery of San Severo and the port area at Classe offer a lot of knowledge for understanding funerary practice and the relationship between the space of the living and the space of the dead in Late Antiquity and at the beginnings of the Middle Ages. From the 5th century the relationship between the living and the dead changes. The spaces of the living and the dead were not separated but united in the everyday sphere as interactive categories, also in Ravenna and its territory. The location of the burials is founded on the belief that the spaces within which funeral ritual and burials took place had an important effect on their form and experienced meaning, and that, reciprocally, ritual uses produced or constituted urban spaces. Death is part of everyday life, and the burials are close to homes. This change in the man-agement of the urban spaces reflects a new cultural and social concept. The intra-mural burials may yield important evidence on urban religion, ritual, social change organization and topography. 1 Roman types different regions. Roman cappuccina, sarcophagi enchytrismos , and new ones appeared. late 5th use of funerary inscriptions begins to recede does not disappear completely.","PeriodicalId":114648,"journal":{"name":"Ravenna and the Traditions of Late Antique and Early Byzantine Craftsmanship","volume":"200 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134002286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-10DOI: 10.1515/9783110684346-204
{"title":"Abbreviations","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9783110684346-204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110684346-204","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114648,"journal":{"name":"Ravenna and the Traditions of Late Antique and Early Byzantine Craftsmanship","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124962369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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