Polyethylene non‐woven fabric white reflective sheet treatments were applied to ‘Saijo’ persimmon to improve the coloration of fruits. Persimmon trees with modified leader type training were used in this study. The color chart (CC) value of curtain treatment was significantly increased compared with the control, and no significant difference was observed between curtain and mulch treatments. The sugar contents (°Brix) of fruit among the curtain treatment, mulch treatment, and control were not significantly different. No damage of fruits or twigs was observed in the curtain treatment, and no negative effect was observed in the shelf life of harvested fruits. White reflective sheet use with on-ground mulching has the disadvantage of the sheet becoming dirty during cultivation. On the other hand, curtain treatment using a white reflective sheet can be expected to prolong the useful life of the sheet as well as promote cost reduction. In this study, curtain treatment with white reflective sheet treatments improved the fruit skin color of persimmon.
{"title":"Effect of Curtain Treatment with Polyethylene Non‐woven Fabric White Reflective Sheet to Improve Coloration of ‘Saijo’ Persimmon","authors":"Toshikazu Matsumoto, Hideki Nimiya, Akane Fujimoto, Tatsuki Kawakami, S. Mishima, Fumito Inoue, Hitoya Kosuga, Takahiko Sakamoto, Satoru Ogata, Shigeru Yasukawa","doi":"10.2503/hrj.20.241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/hrj.20.241","url":null,"abstract":"Polyethylene non‐woven fabric white reflective sheet treatments were applied to ‘Saijo’ persimmon to improve the coloration of fruits. Persimmon trees with modified leader type training were used in this study. The color chart (CC) value of curtain treatment was significantly increased compared with the control, and no significant difference was observed between curtain and mulch treatments. The sugar contents (°Brix) of fruit among the curtain treatment, mulch treatment, and control were not significantly different. No damage of fruits or twigs was observed in the curtain treatment, and no negative effect was observed in the shelf life of harvested fruits. White reflective sheet use with on-ground mulching has the disadvantage of the sheet becoming dirty during cultivation. On the other hand, curtain treatment using a white reflective sheet can be expected to prolong the useful life of the sheet as well as promote cost reduction. In this study, curtain treatment with white reflective sheet treatments improved the fruit skin color of persimmon.","PeriodicalId":114914,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Research (japan)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133253482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katsuhiro Shinya, Tomonori Akiyama, Hidehito Amemiya, Yuka Takekoshi, A. Sato, Yoshihiro Ota, M. Miyake
Kaitouka17’ was bred with the target of cultivating a variety to replace the early-ripening variety ‘Hikawahakuho’ in Yamanashi Prefecture. The beginning of harvest for ‘Kaitouka17’ is almost identical to that of ‘Hikawahakuho’. The fruit weight is 298 g, which is high for an early-ripening variety. The flesh was a weak tendency to split. The skin color pattern is solid flush, and it readily colors uniformly. The flesh firmness was 2.4 kg on the first day of harvest and decreased with the passage of days. In 2016, it was 2.0 kg after 16 days of first harvesting, and in 2017, it was 1.9 kg after 18 days of first harvesting. The flesh firmness of the auxin-treated fruits after harvest was 0.4 kg 9 days after treatment, and the amount of ethylene produced increased rapidly 1 day after treatment. However, DNA markers revealed that ‘Kaitouka17’ was a stony hard peach. Thus, this study showed that ‘Kaitouka17’ had moderately soft flesh in spite of having the stony hard flesh allele. ‘Kaitouka17’ is expected to be widely used as a substitute for ‘Hikawahakuho’ and later-ripening varieties.
{"title":"Breeding a New Stony Hard Peach Cultivar to Become Soft, ‘Kaitouka17’","authors":"Katsuhiro Shinya, Tomonori Akiyama, Hidehito Amemiya, Yuka Takekoshi, A. Sato, Yoshihiro Ota, M. Miyake","doi":"10.2503/hrj.19.417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/hrj.19.417","url":null,"abstract":"Kaitouka17’ was bred with the target of cultivating a variety to replace the early-ripening variety ‘Hikawahakuho’ in Yamanashi Prefecture. The beginning of harvest for ‘Kaitouka17’ is almost identical to that of ‘Hikawahakuho’. The fruit weight is 298 g, which is high for an early-ripening variety. The flesh was a weak tendency to split. The skin color pattern is solid flush, and it readily colors uniformly. The flesh firmness was 2.4 kg on the first day of harvest and decreased with the passage of days. In 2016, it was 2.0 kg after 16 days of first harvesting, and in 2017, it was 1.9 kg after 18 days of first harvesting. The flesh firmness of the auxin-treated fruits after harvest was 0.4 kg 9 days after treatment, and the amount of ethylene produced increased rapidly 1 day after treatment. However, DNA markers revealed that ‘Kaitouka17’ was a stony hard peach. Thus, this study showed that ‘Kaitouka17’ had moderately soft flesh in spite of having the stony hard flesh allele. ‘Kaitouka17’ is expected to be widely used as a substitute for ‘Hikawahakuho’ and later-ripening varieties.","PeriodicalId":114914,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Research (japan)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126340510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dutch iris ‘Blue Magic’ cut flower rapidly loses iris ornamental value in a vase. In this experiment, we distinguished between two factors: incomplete flowering and tepal senescence, and further investigated the effects of the flower bud development level at harvest, storage method, and pretreatment with gibberellin (GA 3 ) and benzyladenine (BA) as a stem dip. Incomplete tepal development in a vase occurred regardless of the flower bud development level at harvest. As the 10°C dry storage period exceeded 2 days, the tepal development was suppressed and the vase life was shortened. As with dry storage, the longer the stor age period, the shorter the ornamental period even in wet storage. Application of a 100-ppm concentration of GA 3 as a stem dip to the cut flower which had been stored under dry conditions for 1 day, promoted tepal development. However, when the same GA 3 treatment was applied to flowers which had been stored under dry conditions for 3 days, its flowering was not promoted. The application of BA or mixture of BA and GA 3 inhibited senescence and shrinking of the tepal, leading to a prolonged flower vase life.
{"title":"Effects of Flowering Stage at Harvest, Storage Method, and Application of Gibberellin and Benzyladenine on Flower Opening and Tepal Senescence of Dutch Iris ‘Blue Magic’ Cut Flower","authors":"Noriko Toyohara, A. Higashi, T. Goto","doi":"10.2503/hrj.19.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/hrj.19.75","url":null,"abstract":"Dutch iris ‘Blue Magic’ cut flower rapidly loses iris ornamental value in a vase. In this experiment, we distinguished between two factors: incomplete flowering and tepal senescence, and further investigated the effects of the flower bud development level at harvest, storage method, and pretreatment with gibberellin (GA 3 ) and benzyladenine (BA) as a stem dip. Incomplete tepal development in a vase occurred regardless of the flower bud development level at harvest. As the 10°C dry storage period exceeded 2 days, the tepal development was suppressed and the vase life was shortened. As with dry storage, the longer the stor age period, the shorter the ornamental period even in wet storage. Application of a 100-ppm concentration of GA 3 as a stem dip to the cut flower which had been stored under dry conditions for 1 day, promoted tepal development. However, when the same GA 3 treatment was applied to flowers which had been stored under dry conditions for 3 days, its flowering was not promoted. The application of BA or mixture of BA and GA 3 inhibited senescence and shrinking of the tepal, leading to a prolonged flower vase life.","PeriodicalId":114914,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Research (japan)","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128101768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using a digital camera equipped with a fisheye lens and the image processing free-software “Fiji-Image J”, we developed a new protocol for determination of the leaf area index (LAI) of table grapes with the same level of measurement accuracy as the plant canopy analyzer (PCA). A regression analysis between the leaf width (X) and single leaf area (Y) indicated highly signifi cant values (Y = 0.5716X 2.0425 , R 2 = 0.99**). A highly significant correlation was obtained between the actual LAI and the LAI measured by PCA (r = 0.964**). Regarding “Fiji-Image J”, we performed the following three-step image processing: (1) R-, G-, and B-separation of the original image taken, (2) correction of the three separated images by “Subtract background algorithm” and “Minimum” threshold treatment mode, (3) calculation of cumulative vegetation rate in the three images. As the range of LAI values was 1 to 4, a highly significant linear correlation was noted between the cumulative vegetation rate (X) and actual LAI (Y): Y = 0.0769X − 18.325, R 2 = 0.82**.
{"title":"Estimation of Leaf Area Index of Table Grapes Using a Digital Camera Equipped with Fisheye Lens and the Image Processing Software “Fiji-ImageJ”","authors":"Michio Hamada, M. Shiraishi","doi":"10.2503/hrj.19.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/hrj.19.83","url":null,"abstract":"Using a digital camera equipped with a fisheye lens and the image processing free-software “Fiji-Image J”, we developed a new protocol for determination of the leaf area index (LAI) of table grapes with the same level of measurement accuracy as the plant canopy analyzer (PCA). A regression analysis between the leaf width (X) and single leaf area (Y) indicated highly signifi cant values (Y = 0.5716X 2.0425 , R 2 = 0.99**). A highly significant correlation was obtained between the actual LAI and the LAI measured by PCA (r = 0.964**). Regarding “Fiji-Image J”, we performed the following three-step image processing: (1) R-, G-, and B-separation of the original image taken, (2) correction of the three separated images by “Subtract background algorithm” and “Minimum” threshold treatment mode, (3) calculation of cumulative vegetation rate in the three images. As the range of LAI values was 1 to 4, a highly significant linear correlation was noted between the cumulative vegetation rate (X) and actual LAI (Y): Y = 0.0769X − 18.325, R 2 = 0.82**.","PeriodicalId":114914,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Research (japan)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126458676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Moriya, S. Goto, Takashi Kubo, M. Kunihisa, J. Tazawa, T. Kudo, S. Kasai, Haruka Kudo, K. Okada, Toshiya Yamamoto, Tomoko Fukazawa-Akada, Y. Hatsuyama, K. Abe
Apple scab, which is caused by Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Wint., is a destructive disease that affects apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.). To develop an approach to breeding apples for scab resistance, race distribution of V. inaequalis in Morioka, Japan and genetic factors affecting partial scab resistance observed on ‘Akane’ were assessed. An inoculation test using several differential hosts suggested that race 1 of V. inaequalis was the predominant race in Morioka, Japan. To characterize the genetic profile of ‘Akane’ resistance, quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses that employed two years of natural scab infection scores in a fungicide-free orchard in Kuroishi, Aomori, Japan were performed using an F1 population derived from the ‘Orin’ × ‘Akane’ cross. A QTL allele that explained 20% of the phenotypic variance in scab resistance was detected on chromosome 17 of ‘Akane’. In the middle region of chromosome 17 of ‘Orin’ and in very close proximity to the ‘Akane’ QTL, a weak QTL allele was also detected, which explained 5% of the phenotypic variance observed. We considered that these effects were caused by alleles of the identical QTL. Haplotyping analysis indicated that this QTL resistance allele from ‘Akane’ originated from ‘Worcester Pearmain’.
苹果痂，这是由Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Wint引起的。是一种危害苹果(苹果属)的破坏性病害。为开发苹果抗赤霉病育种方法，对日本森冈地区的不平等苹果株系分布及影响‘Akane’部分抗赤霉病的遗传因素进行了评价。用几种不同寄主进行的接种试验表明，在日本森冈地区，不均等弧菌的1种是优势种。为了描述“茜”抗性的遗传谱，利用日本青森黑石一个无杀菌剂果园两年的自然疮疤感染评分，利用“Orin”ד茜”杂交的F1群体进行了数量性状位点(QTL)分析。在‘茜’的第17号染色体上检测到一个QTL等位基因，该等位基因解释了20%的抗痂病表型变异。在‘Orin’17号染色体的中间区域，在非常接近‘Akane’QTL的位置，也检测到一个弱QTL等位基因，该等位基因解释了所观察到的5%的表型变异。我们认为这些效应是由相同QTL的等位基因引起的。单倍型分析表明，‘Akane’的QTL抗性等位基因来源于‘Worcester Pearmain’。
{"title":"Identification of Venturia inaequalis Races in Morioka, Japan and Identification of a Quantitative Trait Locus Associated with Resistance to Apple Scab in ‘Akane’ Apples","authors":"S. Moriya, S. Goto, Takashi Kubo, M. Kunihisa, J. Tazawa, T. Kudo, S. Kasai, Haruka Kudo, K. Okada, Toshiya Yamamoto, Tomoko Fukazawa-Akada, Y. Hatsuyama, K. Abe","doi":"10.2503/hrj.18.349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/hrj.18.349","url":null,"abstract":"Apple scab, which is caused by Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Wint., is a destructive disease that affects apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.). To develop an approach to breeding apples for scab resistance, race distribution of V. inaequalis in Morioka, Japan and genetic factors affecting partial scab resistance observed on ‘Akane’ were assessed. An inoculation test using several differential hosts suggested that race 1 of V. inaequalis was the predominant race in Morioka, Japan. To characterize the genetic profile of ‘Akane’ resistance, quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses that employed two years of natural scab infection scores in a fungicide-free orchard in Kuroishi, Aomori, Japan were performed using an F1 population derived from the ‘Orin’ × ‘Akane’ cross. A QTL allele that explained 20% of the phenotypic variance in scab resistance was detected on chromosome 17 of ‘Akane’. In the middle region of chromosome 17 of ‘Orin’ and in very close proximity to the ‘Akane’ QTL, a weak QTL allele was also detected, which explained 5% of the phenotypic variance observed. We considered that these effects were caused by alleles of the identical QTL. Haplotyping analysis indicated that this QTL resistance allele from ‘Akane’ originated from ‘Worcester Pearmain’.","PeriodicalId":114914,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Research (japan)","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130040183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Synchronization of the flowering period between male and female varieties is fundamental in kiwifruit cultivation without artificial pollination. The flowering period of the red-fleshed kiwifruit ‘Rainbow Red’ occurs earlier than that of conventional male varieties. We selected ‘Nijitaro’ as a pollinizer, a new male variety from the chance seedlings of ‘Rainbow Red’. The blooming stage of ‘Nijitaro’ nearly matched that of ‘Rainbow Red’ and its pollen fertility was similar to that of other conventional male varieties. The number of anthers and amount of pure pollen this variety produces were smaller than those of hexaploid varieties such as ‘Tomuri’. On the basis of the results of flow cytometry analysis and the rate of fertile seed develop -ment, this variety is a diploid type of Actinidia . Partial cane grafting of ‘Nijitaro’ on ‘Rainbow Red’ achieved a higher bearing rate than that of independent male trees distributed in the open pollination test field. Especially, ‘Nijitaro’ cane was present within a circle of 2 m, with both bearing and fruit enlargement suitably secured. Thus, the ‘Nijitaro’ variety is an unsuitable pol linizer for artificial pollination, but it is effective for open pollination of cultivated ‘Rainbow Red’.
{"title":"キウイフルーツ'レインボーレッド'に適した雄品種'にじ太郎'の育成とその利用法の検討","authors":"村上 覚, 種石 始弘, 鈴木 公威, 俊治 佐々木, 橋本 望","doi":"10.2503/HRJ.18.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2503/HRJ.18.117","url":null,"abstract":"Synchronization of the flowering period between male and female varieties is fundamental in kiwifruit cultivation without artificial pollination. The flowering period of the red-fleshed kiwifruit ‘Rainbow Red’ occurs earlier than that of conventional male varieties. We selected ‘Nijitaro’ as a pollinizer, a new male variety from the chance seedlings of ‘Rainbow Red’. The blooming stage of ‘Nijitaro’ nearly matched that of ‘Rainbow Red’ and its pollen fertility was similar to that of other conventional male varieties. The number of anthers and amount of pure pollen this variety produces were smaller than those of hexaploid varieties such as ‘Tomuri’. On the basis of the results of flow cytometry analysis and the rate of fertile seed develop -ment, this variety is a diploid type of Actinidia . Partial cane grafting of ‘Nijitaro’ on ‘Rainbow Red’ achieved a higher bearing rate than that of independent male trees distributed in the open pollination test field. Especially, ‘Nijitaro’ cane was present within a circle of 2 m, with both bearing and fruit enlargement suitably secured. Thus, the ‘Nijitaro’ variety is an unsuitable pol linizer for artificial pollination, but it is effective for open pollination of cultivated ‘Rainbow Red’.","PeriodicalId":114914,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Research (japan)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124419847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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