Pub Date : 2007-03-27DOI: 10.1109/CPRE.2007.359899
Stanley E. Zocholl
The thermal limitations of induction motors are specified by thermal limit curves that are plots of the limiting temperature of the rotor and stator in units of I2t. This paper discusses the thermal protection provided by rotor and stator thermal models defined by the thermal limit curves and supporting motor data. The thermal model is the time-discrete form of the differential equation for temperature rise due to current and is derived from fundamental principles as shown in the Annex. In the rotor model, voltage and current are used to derive the slip-dependent I2r watts that permit the safe starting of high-inertia drive motors.
{"title":"Tutorial: From the Steinmetz model to the protection of high inertia drives","authors":"Stanley E. Zocholl","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2007.359899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2007.359899","url":null,"abstract":"The thermal limitations of induction motors are specified by thermal limit curves that are plots of the limiting temperature of the rotor and stator in units of I2t. This paper discusses the thermal protection provided by rotor and stator thermal models defined by the thermal limit curves and supporting motor data. The thermal model is the time-discrete form of the differential equation for temperature rise due to current and is derived from fundamental principles as shown in the Annex. In the rotor model, voltage and current are used to derive the slip-dependent I2r watts that permit the safe starting of high-inertia drive motors.","PeriodicalId":114949,"journal":{"name":"2007 Power Systems Conference: Advanced Metering, Protection, Control, Communication, and Distributed Resources","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127184792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-03-27DOI: 10.1109/CPRE.2007.359906
V. Madani, E. Taylor, D. Erwin, A. Meklin, M. Adamiak
Unintended loss of a major power plant can cause substantial strain on the remaining generating resources and lead to local system instability and/or generate oscillations with impact to the overall bulk power system. In the continuing quest to improve the availability of the generation supply and in order to meet the more stringent electric coordinating council reliability criteria, power companies and grid operators are focusing on System Integrity Protection Schemes (SIPS) that can detect and react on events leading to potentially unstable power system conditions. One such situation occurs when severe disturbances occur on transmission line exits from large multi-generator power plants. Based the disturbance severity, the typical results are intensive swings or loss of plant synchronism which will lead into loss of the entire generation complex either by out-of-step protection, or unit shutdown by protective devices reacting to voltage dips at auxiliary buses. By quickly detecting the destabilizing conditions, preemptive actions can be taken to preserve the plant and minimize the extent of the disturbance and subsequent effect on the power grid. Such SIPS offer added advantages under normal operating conditions for scheduled transmission line outages, and allow full power operation with a line out of service. This paper discusses a control solution based on implementation of high-speed SIPS. The control strategy results from transient stability analysis for various types of transmission line faults, including delayed faults caused by complete and partial breaker failures. Different types of faults and transmission outlet line outage conditions for various system and plant initial conditions are investigated and options for mitigation are recommended. The discussion includes stability requirements, alternative actions and algorithms, SIPS components, the methodology for obtaining arming settings, interaction with the existing protection schemes, and effect of a switchyard topology. Technical implementation considerations such as system design, architecture, measures for reliable and secure operation, synchrophasor capture, event capture, performance under missing or conflicting information, and testing are discussed.
{"title":"High-speed control scheme to prevent instability of a large multi-unit power plan","authors":"V. Madani, E. Taylor, D. Erwin, A. Meklin, M. Adamiak","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2007.359906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2007.359906","url":null,"abstract":"Unintended loss of a major power plant can cause substantial strain on the remaining generating resources and lead to local system instability and/or generate oscillations with impact to the overall bulk power system. In the continuing quest to improve the availability of the generation supply and in order to meet the more stringent electric coordinating council reliability criteria, power companies and grid operators are focusing on System Integrity Protection Schemes (SIPS) that can detect and react on events leading to potentially unstable power system conditions. One such situation occurs when severe disturbances occur on transmission line exits from large multi-generator power plants. Based the disturbance severity, the typical results are intensive swings or loss of plant synchronism which will lead into loss of the entire generation complex either by out-of-step protection, or unit shutdown by protective devices reacting to voltage dips at auxiliary buses. By quickly detecting the destabilizing conditions, preemptive actions can be taken to preserve the plant and minimize the extent of the disturbance and subsequent effect on the power grid. Such SIPS offer added advantages under normal operating conditions for scheduled transmission line outages, and allow full power operation with a line out of service. This paper discusses a control solution based on implementation of high-speed SIPS. The control strategy results from transient stability analysis for various types of transmission line faults, including delayed faults caused by complete and partial breaker failures. Different types of faults and transmission outlet line outage conditions for various system and plant initial conditions are investigated and options for mitigation are recommended. The discussion includes stability requirements, alternative actions and algorithms, SIPS components, the methodology for obtaining arming settings, interaction with the existing protection schemes, and effect of a switchyard topology. Technical implementation considerations such as system design, architecture, measures for reliable and secure operation, synchrophasor capture, event capture, performance under missing or conflicting information, and testing are discussed.","PeriodicalId":114949,"journal":{"name":"2007 Power Systems Conference: Advanced Metering, Protection, Control, Communication, and Distributed Resources","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123663188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-03-27DOI: 10.1109/CPRE.2007.359896
M. Thompson, H. Miller, J. Burger
American Electric Power installed three 138 kV, 150 MVA delta/hex phase angle regulating (PAR) transformers on the south Texas transmission grid during 2006. These transformers help optimize power flow on the transmission grid until planned 345 kV line construction projects can be completed to improve the strength of the grid in this portion of the power system. The delta/hex PAR transformer is a new single-tank design that promises to be much more economical to build and install than previous designs - improving the economic viability of deployment of these devices on the transmission grid. This paper addresses the challenges of providing fully redundant, sensitive, and secure protection for all types of faults, including turn-to-turn faults in this type of transformer and its surrounding bus work. The protection system includes a mix of conventional protection concepts and a completely new differential protection system that can compensate for the variable phase angle shift introduced by operation of the PAR transformer. The complete protection system was tested using digital model power system transient testing prior to installation in the field.
{"title":"AEP experience with protection of three delta/hex phase angle regulating transformers","authors":"M. Thompson, H. Miller, J. Burger","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2007.359896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2007.359896","url":null,"abstract":"American Electric Power installed three 138 kV, 150 MVA delta/hex phase angle regulating (PAR) transformers on the south Texas transmission grid during 2006. These transformers help optimize power flow on the transmission grid until planned 345 kV line construction projects can be completed to improve the strength of the grid in this portion of the power system. The delta/hex PAR transformer is a new single-tank design that promises to be much more economical to build and install than previous designs - improving the economic viability of deployment of these devices on the transmission grid. This paper addresses the challenges of providing fully redundant, sensitive, and secure protection for all types of faults, including turn-to-turn faults in this type of transformer and its surrounding bus work. The protection system includes a mix of conventional protection concepts and a completely new differential protection system that can compensate for the variable phase angle shift introduced by operation of the PAR transformer. The complete protection system was tested using digital model power system transient testing prior to installation in the field.","PeriodicalId":114949,"journal":{"name":"2007 Power Systems Conference: Advanced Metering, Protection, Control, Communication, and Distributed Resources","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121191407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-03-13DOI: 10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740901
D. Fischer, S. Cress, R. Beresh
Overcurrents on distribution systems include permanent faults, temporary faults and other lower magnitude surges, typically from switching events. The overcurrent environment of the distribution system requires quantification if improvements are to be made in power quality, protection and reliability. New and more complex overcurrent protection products require more exact knowledge of feeder conditions. In the absence of todaypsilas data acquisition equipment and computer simulations, overcurrents were previously characterized by employing broad assumptions and deriving some long-standing ldquorules-of-thumbrdquo. Kinectrics has engaged in a study that built upon those existing characterizations of overcurrents, by monitoring overcurrents in the field and conducting computerized analysis. Over 5000 electronic waveforms were collected by monitoring 9 feeders from 3 distribution stations. Using an Expert System, the waveforms were grouped into several categories (ie permanent and temporary fault currents, inrush currents, emergency overloads or cold load pick-up, and switching events). Pertinent parameters (frequency of occurrence, magnitude, peak current, rms current, duration, 12t and time constant) were measured or computed.
{"title":"Characterization of distribution systems overcurrents using Expert Systems","authors":"D. Fischer, S. Cress, R. Beresh","doi":"10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740901","url":null,"abstract":"Overcurrents on distribution systems include permanent faults, temporary faults and other lower magnitude surges, typically from switching events. The overcurrent environment of the distribution system requires quantification if improvements are to be made in power quality, protection and reliability. New and more complex overcurrent protection products require more exact knowledge of feeder conditions. In the absence of todaypsilas data acquisition equipment and computer simulations, overcurrents were previously characterized by employing broad assumptions and deriving some long-standing ldquorules-of-thumbrdquo. Kinectrics has engaged in a study that built upon those existing characterizations of overcurrents, by monitoring overcurrents in the field and conducting computerized analysis. Over 5000 electronic waveforms were collected by monitoring 9 feeders from 3 distribution stations. Using an Expert System, the waveforms were grouped into several categories (ie permanent and temporary fault currents, inrush currents, emergency overloads or cold load pick-up, and switching events). Pertinent parameters (frequency of occurrence, magnitude, peak current, rms current, duration, 12t and time constant) were measured or computed.","PeriodicalId":114949,"journal":{"name":"2007 Power Systems Conference: Advanced Metering, Protection, Control, Communication, and Distributed Resources","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122213335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-03-13DOI: 10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740904
M. Claus, J. Holbach
Fault locator functionality is a standard feature in modern numerical feeder protection devices for transmission systems. It is common practice to calculate the fault location via an impedance measurement separately at each line end. All calculation techniques used to date in this ldquosingle endedrdquo fault location exhibit limited accuracy. The accuracy that can be obtained is limited by natural constraints. The common factors that influence the accuracy are described below. Hereafter, the fundamental improvement provided by the ldquotwo endedrdquo fault locator, which in addition uses the measured values from the opposite line end, are described.
{"title":"Precise distance to fault locator with two end phasor measurement transmitted via serial protection data interface","authors":"M. Claus, J. Holbach","doi":"10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740904","url":null,"abstract":"Fault locator functionality is a standard feature in modern numerical feeder protection devices for transmission systems. It is common practice to calculate the fault location via an impedance measurement separately at each line end. All calculation techniques used to date in this ldquosingle endedrdquo fault location exhibit limited accuracy. The accuracy that can be obtained is limited by natural constraints. The common factors that influence the accuracy are described below. Hereafter, the fundamental improvement provided by the ldquotwo endedrdquo fault locator, which in addition uses the measured values from the opposite line end, are described.","PeriodicalId":114949,"journal":{"name":"2007 Power Systems Conference: Advanced Metering, Protection, Control, Communication, and Distributed Resources","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116435184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-03-13DOI: 10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740906
A. Snyder, Michael Stuber
For ten years, the utility industry has been using optical port communications, defined by ANSI C12.18, and telephone modem communications, defined by ANSI C12.21, to get metering data, defined by ANSI C12.19, from the field to the back office. While the two communication protocol standards have been employed to great success, missing was a standard method for using true ldquonetworkrdquo communications for exchanging this data. Recent work has completed ANSI C12.22, a standard for interfacing to data communication networks, as well as updating the optical port and modem communications standards. This set of standards offers the industry an open and comprehensive ldquoprotocol suiterdquo to transport the newly revised data standard, ANSI C12.19. This paper focuses on how utilities can best benefit from deploying technologies that meet those standards, in particular the newly developed ANSI C12.22 networking standard, as they begin to build advanced metering infrastructures. In particular, utility requirements being refined by OpenAMI Task Force are matched against the offerings from the ANSI protocol suite.
{"title":"The ANSI C12 protocol suite - updated and now with network capabilities","authors":"A. Snyder, Michael Stuber","doi":"10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740906","url":null,"abstract":"For ten years, the utility industry has been using optical port communications, defined by ANSI C12.18, and telephone modem communications, defined by ANSI C12.21, to get metering data, defined by ANSI C12.19, from the field to the back office. While the two communication protocol standards have been employed to great success, missing was a standard method for using true ldquonetworkrdquo communications for exchanging this data. Recent work has completed ANSI C12.22, a standard for interfacing to data communication networks, as well as updating the optical port and modem communications standards. This set of standards offers the industry an open and comprehensive ldquoprotocol suiterdquo to transport the newly revised data standard, ANSI C12.19. This paper focuses on how utilities can best benefit from deploying technologies that meet those standards, in particular the newly developed ANSI C12.22 networking standard, as they begin to build advanced metering infrastructures. In particular, utility requirements being refined by OpenAMI Task Force are matched against the offerings from the ANSI protocol suite.","PeriodicalId":114949,"journal":{"name":"2007 Power Systems Conference: Advanced Metering, Protection, Control, Communication, and Distributed Resources","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127366608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-03-13DOI: 10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740921
A. Khanna, V. Dutta
In this paper a model of boost converter which can be suitably interfaced with solar arrays is presented. The model of boost converter proposed in this paper can be used to step up the voltage of the solar array so that the power produced by the solar array can be transmitted over distances of few hundred meters, to a centralized storage place without appreciable losses. Small distance power transmission is very useful when PV are integrated into buildings, pavements and footpaths where distributed storage may not be economical. This proposed model in conjunction with any maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system can keep the solar panel biased at its maximum power point for a wide range of incident solar radiations and at the same time can boost the voltage by a factor of 4-7.
{"title":"Boost converter for solar photo voltaic systems with centralized storage","authors":"A. Khanna, V. Dutta","doi":"10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740921","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a model of boost converter which can be suitably interfaced with solar arrays is presented. The model of boost converter proposed in this paper can be used to step up the voltage of the solar array so that the power produced by the solar array can be transmitted over distances of few hundred meters, to a centralized storage place without appreciable losses. Small distance power transmission is very useful when PV are integrated into buildings, pavements and footpaths where distributed storage may not be economical. This proposed model in conjunction with any maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system can keep the solar panel biased at its maximum power point for a wide range of incident solar radiations and at the same time can boost the voltage by a factor of 4-7.","PeriodicalId":114949,"journal":{"name":"2007 Power Systems Conference: Advanced Metering, Protection, Control, Communication, and Distributed Resources","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122014893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-03-13DOI: 10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740900
A. Khanna
The sensitivity of the overcurrent relays is affected by the feed from the other end and the fault resistance. Both of these are unpredictable as these are dependent on the fault location and system conditions. This paper focuses on a novel technique for the sensitizing (enhancing the sensitivity ) of the ground overcurrent relays. The focus of the paper is to demonstrate the technique for a distribution system with double end feed. The results can be extended to radial systems without any loss of accuracy.
{"title":"Spline function based technique for sensitizing of ground Overcurrent relays for sub-transmission and distribution lines","authors":"A. Khanna","doi":"10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740900","url":null,"abstract":"The sensitivity of the overcurrent relays is affected by the feed from the other end and the fault resistance. Both of these are unpredictable as these are dependent on the fault location and system conditions. This paper focuses on a novel technique for the sensitizing (enhancing the sensitivity ) of the ground overcurrent relays. The focus of the paper is to demonstrate the technique for a distribution system with double end feed. The results can be extended to radial systems without any loss of accuracy.","PeriodicalId":114949,"journal":{"name":"2007 Power Systems Conference: Advanced Metering, Protection, Control, Communication, and Distributed Resources","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121845505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-03-13DOI: 10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740913
A. Apostolov, B. Vandiver
Configuration, coordination, testing and analysis of the operation of multifunctional protection relays are the typical activities of protection engineers and technicians. They require the use of multiple software tools, usually different for each vendor. They impose varying requirements for the representation of the operating characteristic of the distance protection functions. The paper discusses the need for an effort by the industry to standardize the characteristics of distance relays. It analyses the existing types of distance characteristics used in electromechanical, solid state and microprocessor based relays, describes some generic models of some of the more commonly used distance characteristics and presents some ideas on their standardization.
{"title":"On the standardization of distance characteristics","authors":"A. Apostolov, B. Vandiver","doi":"10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740913","url":null,"abstract":"Configuration, coordination, testing and analysis of the operation of multifunctional protection relays are the typical activities of protection engineers and technicians. They require the use of multiple software tools, usually different for each vendor. They impose varying requirements for the representation of the operating characteristic of the distance protection functions. The paper discusses the need for an effort by the industry to standardize the characteristics of distance relays. It analyses the existing types of distance characteristics used in electromechanical, solid state and microprocessor based relays, describes some generic models of some of the more commonly used distance characteristics and presents some ideas on their standardization.","PeriodicalId":114949,"journal":{"name":"2007 Power Systems Conference: Advanced Metering, Protection, Control, Communication, and Distributed Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131049012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-03-13DOI: 10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740907
A. Snyder, J. Ramirez
For electricity meters, and in particular, watt-hour only meters, the European directive on measuring instruments (or ldquoMIDrdquo) represents a different spin on setting the performance and safety requirements for those meters. Another European group, the OIML (international organization for legal metrology) has published one document (D11) discussing recommendations for legislation to meet the MID. An OIML technical committee is drafting the recommendation (IR46) that would give regulatory bodies an easily-adoptable set of requirements and tests to meet the needs of the MID. This paper examines the imminent European legislation for electricity meters (measuring instruments), with a comparison of the stated goals versus those pursued in the North American market via the ANSI C12 performance standards. Included are the MID, the OIML publications D11 and IR46, the mutual acceptance agreement (or MAA) and what all of those mean for manufacturers producing typical ANSI C12 meters.
{"title":"The emerging European influence on international metering type testing","authors":"A. Snyder, J. Ramirez","doi":"10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740907","url":null,"abstract":"For electricity meters, and in particular, watt-hour only meters, the European directive on measuring instruments (or ldquoMIDrdquo) represents a different spin on setting the performance and safety requirements for those meters. Another European group, the OIML (international organization for legal metrology) has published one document (D11) discussing recommendations for legislation to meet the MID. An OIML technical committee is drafting the recommendation (IR46) that would give regulatory bodies an easily-adoptable set of requirements and tests to meet the needs of the MID. This paper examines the imminent European legislation for electricity meters (measuring instruments), with a comparison of the stated goals versus those pursued in the North American market via the ANSI C12 performance standards. Included are the MID, the OIML publications D11 and IR46, the mutual acceptance agreement (or MAA) and what all of those mean for manufacturers producing typical ANSI C12 meters.","PeriodicalId":114949,"journal":{"name":"2007 Power Systems Conference: Advanced Metering, Protection, Control, Communication, and Distributed Resources","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132861188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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