Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.4067/s0717-65382020000100075
C. Venegas, Valeria Varas, J. P. Vásquez, J. Marín
We describe a non-invasive technique to isolate genomic DNA from connective tissue present in the antlers of deer of the genus Hippocamelus. This method is simpler and more effective than conventional more-destructive procedures which damage the collection material. This method is applicable to all cervids that annually regenerate their antlers.
{"title":"Non-invasive genetic sampling of deer: a method for DNA extraction and genetic analysis from antlers","authors":"C. Venegas, Valeria Varas, J. P. Vásquez, J. Marín","doi":"10.4067/s0717-65382020000100075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-65382020000100075","url":null,"abstract":"We describe a non-invasive technique to isolate genomic DNA from connective tissue present in the antlers of deer of the genus Hippocamelus. This method is simpler and more effective than conventional more-destructive procedures which damage the collection material. This method is applicable to all cervids that annually regenerate their antlers.","PeriodicalId":114976,"journal":{"name":"Gayana (Concepción)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127328855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.4067/s0717-65382020000100068
T. Tadich, I. D. Freslon, C. Gallo, J. Zúñiga, R. Vargas, C. Torres, N. Tadich, Jessica Gimpel, C. Martínez, Daniel Sandoval, R. Enríquez, J. Alfaro, P. Muñoz, R. Paredes, Benjamín Erranz, I. Carvacho, Marcelo Mezzano, E. A. Herrera
Research using wild animals has diverse aims, such as conservation, environmental management, and the generation of knowledge. The aim of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUCs) is to assure that such research is carried out under high bioethical and animal welfare standards, minimizing animal suffering and environmental impact. This manuscript highlights the relevance of IACUCs as an ally to adjust the procedures on animals to the norm and thus facilitate scientific progress.
{"title":"Incorporación de estándares bioéticos para la generación de conocimiento científico de calidad en investigación en fauna silvestre: Ciencia con conciencia","authors":"T. Tadich, I. D. Freslon, C. Gallo, J. Zúñiga, R. Vargas, C. Torres, N. Tadich, Jessica Gimpel, C. Martínez, Daniel Sandoval, R. Enríquez, J. Alfaro, P. Muñoz, R. Paredes, Benjamín Erranz, I. Carvacho, Marcelo Mezzano, E. A. Herrera","doi":"10.4067/s0717-65382020000100068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-65382020000100068","url":null,"abstract":"Research using wild animals has diverse aims, such as conservation, environmental management, and the generation of knowledge. The aim of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUCs) is to assure that such research is carried out under high bioethical and animal welfare standards, minimizing animal suffering and environmental impact. This manuscript highlights the relevance of IACUCs as an ally to adjust the procedures on animals to the norm and thus facilitate scientific progress.","PeriodicalId":114976,"journal":{"name":"Gayana (Concepción)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121737650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.4067/s0717-65382020000100046
D. Figueroa, Sergio Scott, C. González, G. Bizama, Raúl Flores-Mara, R. Bustamante, M. Canals
Climate change affects the dynamics of vector-borne diseases. Culex pipiens Linnaeus is the main vector of West Nile fever; a widely distributed arbovirus, it is continuously increasing its distribution. Using a species distribution model, maps of suitable habitats of Cx. pipiens were generated for Chile in the current climate and three climate change scenarios, using global and regional georeferenced vector presence records as input, plus bioclimatic variables. Since this virus has not yet arrived in Chile, the purpose of this study is to anticipate potential risk areas and to prevent the establishment and spread of the virus. Cx. pipiens is widely distributed in Chile. The suitable habitats in Chile were concentrated mostly from 32o to 35oS, increasing in future scenarios up to 113 % in the northern zone and moving towards the mountains. This species conserves around 90 % of its niche in the future, and shows a reduction of 11.4 % in the severe climate change scenario. It is anticipated that Chile will experience an increase in the environmental suitability for Cx. pipiens moving from the Andes to the coastal zone throughout the country, mainly in the center-south. This will raise the risk of local virus transmission if the virus is introduced to the country via diverse routes.
{"title":"Estimating the climate change consequences on the potential distribution of Culex pipiens L. 1758, to assess the risk of West Nile virus establishment in Chile","authors":"D. Figueroa, Sergio Scott, C. González, G. Bizama, Raúl Flores-Mara, R. Bustamante, M. Canals","doi":"10.4067/s0717-65382020000100046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-65382020000100046","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change affects the dynamics of vector-borne diseases. Culex pipiens Linnaeus is the main vector of West Nile fever; a widely distributed arbovirus, it is continuously increasing its distribution. Using a species distribution model, maps of suitable habitats of Cx. pipiens were generated for Chile in the current climate and three climate change scenarios, using global and regional georeferenced vector presence records as input, plus bioclimatic variables. Since this virus has not yet arrived in Chile, the purpose of this study is to anticipate potential risk areas and to prevent the establishment and spread of the virus. Cx. pipiens is widely distributed in Chile. The suitable habitats in Chile were concentrated mostly from 32o to 35oS, increasing in future scenarios up to 113 % in the northern zone and moving towards the mountains. This species conserves around 90 % of its niche in the future, and shows a reduction of 11.4 % in the severe climate change scenario. It is anticipated that Chile will experience an increase in the environmental suitability for Cx. pipiens moving from the Andes to the coastal zone throughout the country, mainly in the center-south. This will raise the risk of local virus transmission if the virus is introduced to the country via diverse routes.","PeriodicalId":114976,"journal":{"name":"Gayana (Concepción)","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122914868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.4067/s0717-65382020000100064
P. Fibla, J. Serrano, Franco Cruz-Jofré, Alejandra A. Fabres, Francisco Ramírez, Paola A. Sáez, Katherin Otálora, M. Méndez
We report the first record of predation on a Helmeted water toad Calyptocephalella gayi tadpole by an adult specimen of the invasive African clawed frog Xenopus laevis in the locality of Pichi, Alhue (Santiago Metropolitan Region). This finding is discussed in the light of new sightings, in which both species have been detected to coexist in different localities of central Chile.
{"title":"Evidence of predation on the Helmeted water toad Calyptocephalella gayi (Duméril & Bibron, 1841) by the invasive African clawed frog Xenopus laevis (Daudin 1802)","authors":"P. Fibla, J. Serrano, Franco Cruz-Jofré, Alejandra A. Fabres, Francisco Ramírez, Paola A. Sáez, Katherin Otálora, M. Méndez","doi":"10.4067/s0717-65382020000100064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-65382020000100064","url":null,"abstract":"We report the first record of predation on a Helmeted water toad Calyptocephalella gayi tadpole by an adult specimen of the invasive African clawed frog Xenopus laevis in the locality of Pichi, Alhue (Santiago Metropolitan Region). This finding is discussed in the light of new sightings, in which both species have been detected to coexist in different localities of central Chile.","PeriodicalId":114976,"journal":{"name":"Gayana (Concepción)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123762009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.4067/s0717-65382020000100016
Heraldo V. Norambuena, P. Victoriano
Se evalua la variacion individual y geografica en los cantos territoriales de cinco poblaciones de Scelorchilus rubecula. Los resultados sugieren consistencia en los cantos a nivel individual y variacion entre individuos de S. rubecula. Esta alta consistencia de los cantos individuales (66 - 91 %), indican que algunas variables (i.e., duracion frase 1, FMA inicio frase 1, FMA final frase 2) pueden ser utilizadas para la identificacion individual, mientras que a nivel geografico/poblacional no se obtuvo una clara estructuracion.
{"title":"Variación individual e indicios de variación geográfica en el canto territorial del chucao (Scelorchilus rubecula) en el centro-sur de Chile","authors":"Heraldo V. Norambuena, P. Victoriano","doi":"10.4067/s0717-65382020000100016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-65382020000100016","url":null,"abstract":"Se evalua la variacion individual y geografica en los cantos territoriales de cinco poblaciones de Scelorchilus rubecula. Los resultados sugieren consistencia en los cantos a nivel individual y variacion entre individuos de S. rubecula. Esta alta consistencia de los cantos individuales (66 - 91 %), indican que algunas variables (i.e., duracion frase 1, FMA inicio frase 1, FMA final frase 2) pueden ser utilizadas para la identificacion individual, mientras que a nivel geografico/poblacional no se obtuvo una clara estructuracion.","PeriodicalId":114976,"journal":{"name":"Gayana (Concepción)","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116165867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.4067/s0717-65382019000200081
Constanza Millán, A. Díaz, E. Poulin, Catalina Merino-Yunnissi, Andrea Martínez
The pattern of the genetic structuring of marine species result from the relationship between homogenizing and structuring factors, together with historical and contemporary processes. Dispersal potential has been described as a homogenizing factor, corroborated by the connectivity paradigm, which states that high dispersers show low or no genetic differentiation. In contrast, biogeographic breaks and oceanic currents have an important role in limiting or enhancing connectivity, being structuring factors. We studied this relationship in Arbacia spatuligera, a subtidal echinoid with a planktonic larval stage, which is distributed along the Southeastern Pacific (SEP). The SEP is divided into two biogeographic provinces with an Intermediate Area between both them, which is delimited by two biogeographic breaks (~30° S and 40°-42° S). Moreover, much of the SEP coast, from ~42° S to 6° S, it is influenced by a complex system of marine currents known as the Humboldt Current System (HCS). Using molecular tools (mtDNA COI) we assessed the genetic diversity and structure of A. spatuligera and inferred its demographic history. Analyses showed that along ca. 3.200 km A. spatuligera has no genetic structure signals, has an unexpected low genetic diversity and a signal of recent demographic expansion dated ~33000 47000 years ago, probably related to the Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3) climatic events. Our results support the hypothesis that dispersal potential is a determining factor of the phylogeographic patterns in the SEP, probably influenced by HCS. We propose that A. spatuligera is a high disperser.
{"title":"Genetic diversity and demographic history of the endemic Southeastern Pacific sea urchin Arbacia spatuligera (Valenciennes 1846)","authors":"Constanza Millán, A. Díaz, E. Poulin, Catalina Merino-Yunnissi, Andrea Martínez","doi":"10.4067/s0717-65382019000200081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-65382019000200081","url":null,"abstract":"The pattern of the genetic structuring of marine species result from the relationship between homogenizing and structuring factors, together with historical and contemporary processes. Dispersal potential has been described as a homogenizing factor, corroborated by the connectivity paradigm, which states that high dispersers show low or no genetic differentiation. In contrast, biogeographic breaks and oceanic currents have an important role in limiting or enhancing connectivity, being structuring factors. We studied this relationship in Arbacia spatuligera, a subtidal echinoid with a planktonic larval stage, which is distributed along the Southeastern Pacific (SEP). The SEP is divided into two biogeographic provinces with an Intermediate Area between both them, which is delimited by two biogeographic breaks (~30° S and 40°-42° S). Moreover, much of the SEP coast, from ~42° S to 6° S, it is influenced by a complex system of marine currents known as the Humboldt Current System (HCS). Using molecular tools (mtDNA COI) we assessed the genetic diversity and structure of A. spatuligera and inferred its demographic history. Analyses showed that along ca. 3.200 km A. spatuligera has no genetic structure signals, has an unexpected low genetic diversity and a signal of recent demographic expansion dated ~33000 47000 years ago, probably related to the Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3) climatic events. Our results support the hypothesis that dispersal potential is a determining factor of the phylogeographic patterns in the SEP, probably influenced by HCS. We propose that A. spatuligera is a high disperser.","PeriodicalId":114976,"journal":{"name":"Gayana (Concepción)","volume":"8 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130435774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.4067/s0717-65382019000200145
E. Oda, Gloria B. Rodríguez-Gómez, F. Fontúrbel, M. Soto-Gamboa, R. Nespolo
The geographic range of a species is often limited by sampling approaches, underestimating the actual distribution. This is likely the case of Dromiciops gliroides (Microbiotheria), an endemic marsupial from southern South America. We used camera-traps to record D. gliroides for the first time in Chaitén and Futaleufú (southern Chile), expanding its known distribution 100 km to the south. Climate and forest composition in this area differs from the typical Valdivian rainforest. Activity assessments show a narrow activity patterns compared to northern populations.
{"title":"Southernmost records of Dromiciops gliroides: extending its distribution beyond the Valdivian rainforest","authors":"E. Oda, Gloria B. Rodríguez-Gómez, F. Fontúrbel, M. Soto-Gamboa, R. Nespolo","doi":"10.4067/s0717-65382019000200145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-65382019000200145","url":null,"abstract":"The geographic range of a species is often limited by sampling approaches, underestimating the actual distribution. This is likely the case of Dromiciops gliroides (Microbiotheria), an endemic marsupial from southern South America. We used camera-traps to record D. gliroides for the first time in Chaitén and Futaleufú (southern Chile), expanding its known distribution 100 km to the south. Climate and forest composition in this area differs from the typical Valdivian rainforest. Activity assessments show a narrow activity patterns compared to northern populations.","PeriodicalId":114976,"journal":{"name":"Gayana (Concepción)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114769923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.4067/s0717-65382019000100063
Guillermo D’Elía, Fabian M Jaksic, L. Bacigalupe, F. Bozinovic, Jhoann Canto, Claudio Correa, Francisco E. Fontúrbel, Fulgencio Lisón, M. Méndez, Roberto F. Nespolo, J. C. Opazo, R. Palma, J. Rau, Sara Rodríguez, Enrique Rodríguez-Serrano, Pablo Sabat, R. A. Vásquez, P. Victoriano
{"title":"Sugerencias para mejorar la regulación chilena de manipulación de vertebrados terrestres en poblaciones naturales en el contexto de investigaciones científicas","authors":"Guillermo D’Elía, Fabian M Jaksic, L. Bacigalupe, F. Bozinovic, Jhoann Canto, Claudio Correa, Francisco E. Fontúrbel, Fulgencio Lisón, M. Méndez, Roberto F. Nespolo, J. C. Opazo, R. Palma, J. Rau, Sara Rodríguez, Enrique Rodríguez-Serrano, Pablo Sabat, R. A. Vásquez, P. Victoriano","doi":"10.4067/s0717-65382019000100063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-65382019000100063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114976,"journal":{"name":"Gayana (Concepción)","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116053832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.4067/S0717-65382019000100046
Héctor Rojas-Castro, Sandra Araya-Crisóstomo
{"title":"Medidas de conservación ex situ: Un enfoque metapoblacional a partir del modelo clásico de Levins","authors":"Héctor Rojas-Castro, Sandra Araya-Crisóstomo","doi":"10.4067/S0717-65382019000100046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-65382019000100046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114976,"journal":{"name":"Gayana (Concepción)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129057475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.4067/S0717-65382019000100010
P. Bahamonde, Camila Berrocal, R. Barra, M. Mcmaster, K. Munkittrick, G. Chiang
{"title":"Mucus phosphoproteins as an indirect measure of endocrine disruption in native small-bodied freshwater fish, exposed to wastewater treatment plant and pulp and paper mill effluents","authors":"P. Bahamonde, Camila Berrocal, R. Barra, M. Mcmaster, K. Munkittrick, G. Chiang","doi":"10.4067/S0717-65382019000100010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-65382019000100010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114976,"journal":{"name":"Gayana (Concepción)","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133644523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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