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The integrin-mediated cyclic strain-induced signaling pathway in vascular endothelial cells. 血管内皮细胞中整合素介导的循环菌株诱导的信号通路。
Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/10623320109063153
S. Frangos, R. Knox, Y. Yano, E. Chen, G. Di Luozzo, A. H. Chen, B. Sumpio
The irregular distribution of plaque in the vasculature results from the interaction of local hemodynamic forces with the vessel wall. One well-characterized force is cyclic circumferential strain, the repetitive pulsatile pressure distention on the arterial wall. This review summarizes current research, which has aimed to elicit the signal transduction pathway by which cyclic strain elicits functional and structural responses in endothelial cells; specifically, it summarizes the signaling pathway that begins with the reorganization of integrins. One method by which these extracellular matrix receptors affect signal transduction is through their ability to initiate the process of phosphorylation on tyrosine residues of cytoplasmic protein kinases, including focal adhesion kinase. The strain-induced pathway appears to also involve ras and the mitogen-activated protein kinase family of enzymes, and preliminary data suggests a role for src as well. Ultimately, it is the regulation of gene expression through the modulation of transcription factors that allows endothelial cells to respond to changes in local hemodynamics.
斑块在血管中的不规则分布是局部血流动力学力与血管壁相互作用的结果。一种很好表征的力是循环周向应变,即动脉壁上的重复脉动压力扩张。本文综述了目前的研究,旨在引出循环应变引起内皮细胞功能和结构反应的信号转导途径;具体来说,它总结了从整合素重组开始的信号通路。这些细胞外基质受体影响信号转导的一种方法是通过它们启动细胞质蛋白激酶酪氨酸残基磷酸化过程的能力,包括局灶黏附激酶。菌株诱导的途径似乎也涉及ras和丝裂原激活蛋白激酶家族的酶,初步数据表明src也起作用。最终,正是通过转录因子的调节来调节基因表达,使得内皮细胞能够对局部血流动力学的变化做出反应。
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引用次数: 30
Regulation of extracellular matrix remodeling and MMP-2 activation in cultured rat adrenal medullary endothelial cells. 大鼠肾上腺髓质内皮细胞细胞外基质重塑及MMP-2活化的调控。
Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/10623320109051564
E. Papadimitriou, C. R. Waters, V. Manolopoulos, B. Unsworth, M. Maragoudakis, P. Lelkes
We previously reported that short-term exposure of cultured rat adrenal medullary endothelial cells (RAMEC) to thrombin enhances the subendothelial deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins fibronectin, laminin, and collagen types I (C-I) and IV (C-IV) (Papadimitriou et al. 1997). In this work, we extended our previous studies on factors that effect ECM protein deposition to include agents that activate or inhibit some of the most common intracellular signals such as cAMP, protein kinase C (PKC), and calcium. Furthermore, we investigated the possible link between the observed alterations in ECM protein deposition and the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Forskolin (adenylyl cyclase activator) caused a dose-dependent increase in the deposition of all four ECM proteins studied. Isoproterenol beta-adrenergic receptor agonist) and the membrane permeant cAMP analogue dibutyryl-cAMP significantly increased the deposited amounts of ECM proteins at low concentrations, and this increase was reversed at higher concentrations of both agents. All these agents had the opposite effect on MMP-2 secretion, increasing it at doses where they decreased ECM protein deposition and vice versa. However, elevation of cAMP by the phosphodiesterase inhibitor IBMX had no effect either on the deposited amounts of any of the ECM proteins studied or on MMP-2 secretion. Activation of PKC by phorbol ester (PMA) resulted in a decrease in ECM protein deposition and an increase in MMP-2 secretion. Finally, chelation of intercellular calcium with BAPTA-AM resulted in an increased ECM deposition and a decrease in MMP-2 secretion. Our results show a complex pattern of regulation of ECM protein deposition by cAMP-mobilizing agents and also indicate an inverse correlation between ECM protein deposition and secretion of MMP-2. The concerted regulation of both of these processes is essential in the formation of new blood vessels, and for the integrity of the vascular wall.
我们之前报道过,将培养的大鼠肾上腺髓质内皮细胞(RAMEC)短期暴露于凝血酶会增强细胞外基质(ECM)蛋白纤维连接蛋白、层粘连蛋白和I型胶原(C-I)和IV型胶原(C-IV)的内皮下沉积(Papadimitriou等,1997)。在这项工作中,我们扩展了之前对影响ECM蛋白沉积的因素的研究,包括激活或抑制一些最常见的细胞内信号的药物,如cAMP、蛋白激酶C (PKC)和钙。此外,我们还研究了观察到的ECM蛋白沉积变化与基质金属蛋白酶-2 (MMP-2)分泌之间的可能联系。福斯克林(腺苷酸环化酶激活剂)引起所研究的所有四种ECM蛋白沉积的剂量依赖性增加。异丙肾上腺素-肾上腺素能受体激动剂(Isoproterenol -adrenergic receptor agonist)和膜渗透cAMP类似物二丁基cAMP在低浓度下显著增加了ECM蛋白的沉积量,在两种药物浓度较高时,这种增加被逆转。所有这些药物对MMP-2的分泌都有相反的作用,在减少ECM蛋白沉积的剂量下增加MMP-2的分泌,反之亦然。然而,磷酸二酯酶抑制剂IBMX升高cAMP对所研究的任何ECM蛋白的沉积量或MMP-2的分泌都没有影响。磷酸酯(PMA)激活PKC导致ECM蛋白沉积减少,MMP-2分泌增加。最后,细胞间钙与BAPTA-AM的螯合作用导致ECM沉积增加,MMP-2分泌减少。我们的研究结果显示了camp -动员剂对ECM蛋白沉积的复杂调节模式,也表明ECM蛋白沉积与MMP-2分泌呈负相关。这两个过程的协调调节在新血管的形成和血管壁的完整性中是必不可少的。
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引用次数: 1
Activation of endothelial cell mitogen activated protein kinase ERK(1/2) by extracellular HIV-1 Tat protein. 细胞外HIV-1 Tat蛋白激活内皮细胞有丝分裂原活化蛋白激酶ERK(1/2)
Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/10623320109063158
M. Rusnati, C. Urbinati, B. Musulin, D. Ribatti, A. Albini, D. Noonan, C. Marchisone, J. Waltenberger, M. Presta
Extracellular Tat protein, the transactivating factor of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), modulates gene expression, growth, and angiogenic activity in endothelial cells by interacting with the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-2 (Flk-1/KDR). Recombinant Tat protein, produced as glutathione-S-transferase chimera (GST-Tat), activates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) ERK(1/2) in human, murine, and bovine endothelial cells whereas GST is ineffective. In bovine aortic endothelial cells, GST-Tat and the 165 amino acid VEGF isoform (VEGF165) induce transient ERK(1/2) phosphorylation with similar potency and kinetics. The synthetic peptide Tat(41-60), but not peptides Tat(1-21) and Tat(71-86), causes ERK(1/2) phosphorylation, thus implicating Tat/KDR interaction in the activation of this signalling pathway. Accordingly, GST-Tat induces ERK(1/2) phosphorylation in KDR-transfected porcine aortic endothelial cells but not in parental cells. MAPK kinase inhibitors PD098059 and U0126 prevent ERK(1/2) phosphorylation by Tat. However, they do not affect the angiogenic activity exerted by Tat in the murine Matrigel plug and chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assays. Blocking of MAPK kinase activity impairs instead the angiogenic response to VEGF165 and to fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). Our data demonstrate that ERK(1/2) activation following the interaction of HIV-1 Tat protein with endothelial cell Flk-1/KDR receptor does not represent an absolute requirement for a full angiogenic response to this growth factor that appears to utilize mechanism(s) at least in part distinct from those triggered by other prototypic angiogenic growth factors.
细胞外Tat蛋白是人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)的反激活因子,通过与血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)受体2 (Flk-1/KDR)相互作用,调节内皮细胞的基因表达、生长和血管生成活性。重组Tat蛋白以谷胱甘肽- s转移酶嵌合体(GST-Tat)的形式产生,可激活人、鼠和牛内皮细胞中的丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK) ERK(1/2),而GST则无效。在牛主动脉内皮细胞中,GST-Tat和165个氨基酸的VEGF亚型(VEGF165)以相似的效力和动力学诱导ERK(1/2)的瞬时磷酸化。合成肽Tat(41-60),而不是肽Tat(1-21)和Tat(71-86),导致ERK(1/2)磷酸化,从而暗示Tat/KDR相互作用激活了这一信号通路。因此,GST-Tat在kdr转染的猪主动脉内皮细胞中诱导ERK(1/2)磷酸化,而在亲本细胞中没有。MAPK激酶抑制剂PD098059和U0126阻止Tat对ERK(1/2)的磷酸化。然而,它们不影响Tat在小鼠基质塞和鸡胚绒毛膜尿囊膜试验中发挥的血管生成活性。阻断MAPK激酶活性反而会损害血管生成对VEGF165和成纤维细胞生长因子-2 (FGF-2)的反应。我们的数据表明,在HIV-1 Tat蛋白与内皮细胞Flk-1/KDR受体相互作用后,ERK(1/2)激活并不代表对这种生长因子产生完全血管生成反应的绝对要求,这种生长因子似乎利用的机制至少部分不同于其他原型血管生成生长因子触发的机制。
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引用次数: 44
Exercise in sickle cell anemia: effect on inflammatory and vasoactive mediators. 镰状细胞性贫血的运动:对炎症和血管活性介质的影响。
Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/10623320109165323
P. Barbeau, K. Woods, L. Ramsey, M. Litaker, D. Pollock, J. Pollock, L. Callahan, A. Kutlar, G. Mensah, B. Gutin
The aim of this study was to determine the response of inflammatory and vasoactive mediators to 3 consecutive days of exercise in African-American women with and without sickle cell anemia (SCA). Circulating inflammatory mediators [C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)] were measured before, and vasoactive mediators [endothelin-1 (ET-1), nitric oxide metabolites (NOx)] before and after each exercise bout in ten subjects with SCA and ten controls. Exercise did not affect ET-1, IL-6 or CRP concentrations (p >.05). TNFalpha was higher in SCA than controls (p < or = .0005) at all times; however, the response pattern was similar for the groups: no change from day 1 to day 2, but a decrease from day 2 to day 3 (p < or = .05). NOx increased significantly after exercise (p < or = .0001) but returned to baseline by 24 h afterward. On the 3rd day, NOx increased after exercise in SCA but not in the controls (p < or = .05). In conclusion, exercise did not cause a harmful inflammatory response in these individuals with SCA. However, NOx increased after exercise on all 3 days in SCA but appeared attenuated after 2 days in controls.
本研究的目的是确定炎症和血管活性介质对患有和不患有镰状细胞性贫血(SCA)的非裔美国妇女连续3天运动的反应。测定10例SCA患者和10例对照组每次运动前后循环炎症介质[c反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α (TNFalpha)]和血管活性介质[内皮素-1 (ET-1)、一氧化氮代谢物(NOx)]的含量。运动不影响ET-1、IL-6和CRP浓度(p > 0.05)。SCA患者的TNFalpha在任何时候都高于对照组(p < or = 0.0005);然而,各组的反应模式相似:从第1天到第2天没有变化,但从第2天到第3天有所下降(p <或= 0.05)。运动后NOx显著增加(p < or = 0.0001),但24小时后恢复到基线水平。在第3天,SCA组运动后NOx增加,而对照组没有(p <或= 0.05)。总之,运动不会引起SCA患者有害的炎症反应。然而,在SCA组中,NOx在运动后3天均有所增加,而在对照组中,NOx在运动后2天出现减弱。
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引用次数: 29
Cyclic stretch induces the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in vascular smooth muscle cells. 循环拉伸诱导血管平滑肌细胞内皮生长因子的表达。
Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/10623320109063156
J. Smith, N. Davies, A. I. Willis, B. Sumpio, P. Zilla
OBJECTIVE Accumulating evidence links the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) to normal endothelial cell (EC) function, repair and maintenance. Using an in vitro model we investigate the role of cyclic stretch on both the release of VEGF by VSMC and the phosphorylation of a VEGF receptor on EC. METHODS Bovine VSMC and EC were exposed to 10% cyclic strain for 4 hours. VEGF mRNA steady-state levels of VSMC were analysed by northern blot hybridisation. The presence of secreted VEGF from VSMC was determined by assaying the migration of EC. VEGF receptor phosphorylation on stretched EC was assayed by immunoblotting. RESULTS The steady-state level of VEGF mRNA in stretched VSMC increased 3.3 (+/- 0.6) fold above that of unstretched VSMC (p < 0.005). Migration of EC was stimulated 8.3 (+/- 1.1) and 14.6 (+/- 1.3) fold by media from unstretched and stretched VSMC respectively, demonstrating a 1.8 fold increase due to stretch alone (p < 0.05). Cyclic stretch resulted in phosphorylation of the VEGF receptor KDR. CONCLUSION Exposure of VSMC to physiological levels of stretch induces a biologically significant increase in VEGF secretion and may provide an arterial stimulus for maintenance of steady state levels of VEGF essential for EC survival.
越来越多的证据表明,血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)释放血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)与正常内皮细胞(EC)功能、修复和维持有关。通过体外模型,我们研究了循环拉伸对VSMC释放VEGF和EC上VEGF受体磷酸化的作用。方法将牛VSMC和EC暴露于10%的循环菌株中4小时。采用northern杂交法分析VSMC组织中VEGF mRNA的稳态水平。通过测定EC的迁移来确定VSMC分泌的VEGF的存在。免疫印迹法检测拉伸EC上VEGF受体磷酸化情况。结果血管内皮生长因子mRNA在拉伸后的稳态水平比未拉伸时升高3.3(+/- 0.6)倍(p < 0.005)。未拉伸和拉伸VSMC的介质分别刺激EC迁移8.3(+/- 1.1)和14.6(+/- 1.3)倍,仅拉伸可增加1.8倍(p < 0.05)。循环拉伸导致VEGF受体KDR的磷酸化。结论VSMC暴露于生理水平的拉伸诱导了VEGF分泌的生物学显著增加,并可能为维持EC生存所需的VEGF稳态水平提供动脉刺激。
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引用次数: 57
Effects of first generation E1E3-deleted and second generation E1E3E4-deleted/modified adenovirus vectors on human endothelial cell death. 第一代e1e3缺失和第二代e1e3e4缺失/修饰腺病毒载体对人内皮细胞死亡的影响
Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/10623320109051563
L. Jornot, H. Petersen, M. Lusky, A. Pavirani, I. Moix, Morris, T. Rochat
Adenoviral vectors are promising tools for pulmonary vascular gene transfer. In first generation vectors, the viral E4 region is preserved (E4+ Ad), but E4 is deleted in second generation vectors (E4- Ad). These vectors were compared for their toxicity in human endothelial cells in terms of apoptosis and necrosis. Infection with E4+ Ad vectors reduced whereas E4- Ad vectors enhanced apoptosis under normal culture conditions. Furthermore, E4+ Ad protected against apoptosis induced by growth factor deprivation, while E4- Ad enhanced apoptosis triggered by ceramide. Ad vectors containing different E4 open reading frames, alone or in different combinations, showed similar effects to E4- Ad, leaving the viral genes that might be responsible for reducing apoptosis unidentified at the present time. As previously observed with E4+ Ad devoid of transgene, E4+ Ad carrying beta-galactosidase or green fluorescent protein under the control of either the RSV or CMV promoter also reduced apoptosis triggered by growth factor deprivation. In contrast, E4+ Ad containing a CFTR expression cassette did not reduce apoptosis, and E4- Ad with CFFR showed increased toxicity. We conclude that Ad vectors may have important effects on the control of apoptosis in transfected cells, depending on the residual expression of viral genes. This effect can be complicated by the action of transgene expression on cell survival.
腺病毒载体是肺血管基因转移的有效载体。在第一代载体中,病毒E4区被保留(E4+ Ad),而在第二代载体中E4区被删除(E4- Ad)。比较了这些载体在人内皮细胞凋亡和坏死方面的毒性。在正常培养条件下,E4+ Ad载体的感染减少,而E4- Ad载体的感染增强细胞凋亡。此外,E4+ Ad对生长因子剥夺诱导的细胞凋亡有保护作用,而E4- Ad对神经酰胺引发的细胞凋亡有增强作用。含有不同E4开放阅读框的Ad载体,单独或不同组合,显示出与E4- Ad相似的效果,目前尚未确定可能负责减少细胞凋亡的病毒基因。如前所述,在没有转基因的E4+ Ad中,在RSV或CMV启动子的控制下,携带β -半乳糖苷酶或绿色荧光蛋白的E4+ Ad也减少了生长因子剥夺引发的细胞凋亡。相比之下,含有CFTR表达盒的E4+ Ad没有减少细胞凋亡,而含有CFFR的E4- Ad则显示出增加的毒性。我们得出结论,Ad载体可能对转染细胞的细胞凋亡有重要的控制作用,这取决于病毒基因的剩余表达。由于转基因表达对细胞存活的影响,这种效应可能变得更加复杂。
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引用次数: 10
Regulation of extracellular matrix remodeling and MMP-2 activation in cultured rat adrenal medullary endothelial cells. 大鼠肾上腺髓质内皮细胞细胞外基质重塑及MMP-2活化的调控。
Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/10623320109090801
E. Papadimitriou, C. R. Waters, V. Manolopoulos, B. Unsworth, M. Maragoudakis, P. L. Lelkes
We previously reported that short term exposure of cultured rat adrenal medullary endothelial cells (RAMEC) to thrombin enhances the subendothelial deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins fibronectin, laminin, and collagen types I (C-I) and IV (C-IV) (Papadimitriou et at., 1997). In this work, we extended our previous studies on factors that affect ECM protein deposition to include agents that activate or inhibit some of the most common intracellular signals such as cAMP, protein kinase C (PKC) and calcium. Furthemore, we investigated the possible link between the observed alterations in ECM protein deposition and the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Forskolin (adenylyl cyclase activator) caused a dose-dependent increase in the deposition of all four ECM proteins studied. Isoproterenol (beta-adrenergic receptor agonist) and the membrane-permeant cAMP analogue dibutyryl-cAMP, significantly increased the deposited amounts of ECM proteins at low concentrations, and this increase was reversed at higher concentrations of both agents. All these agents had the opposite effect on MMP-2 secretion, increasing it at doses where they decreased ECM protein deposition and vice-versa. However, elevation of cAMP by the phosphodiesterase inhibitor IBMX had no effect neither on the deposited amounts of any of the ECM proteins studied nor on MMP-2 secretion. Activation of PKC by phorbol ester (PMA) resulted in a decrease in ECM protein deposition and an increase in MMP-2 secretion. Finally, chelation of intercellular calcium with BAPTA-AM resulted in an increased ECM deposition and a decrease in MMP-2 secretion, Our results show a complex pattern of regulation of ECM protein deposition by cAMP-mobilizing agents, and also indicate an inverse correlation between ECM protein deposition and secretion of MMP-2. The concerted regulation of both these processes is essential in the formation of new blood vessels and for the integrity of the vascular wall.
我们之前报道过,将培养的大鼠肾上腺髓质内皮细胞(RAMEC)短期暴露于凝血酶会增强细胞外基质(ECM)蛋白纤维连接蛋白、层粘连蛋白和I型胶原(C-I)和IV型胶原(C-IV)的内皮下沉积(Papadimitriou等)。, 1997)。在这项工作中,我们扩展了之前对影响ECM蛋白沉积的因素的研究,包括激活或抑制一些最常见的细胞内信号的药物,如cAMP、蛋白激酶C (PKC)和钙。此外,我们还研究了观察到的ECM蛋白沉积变化与基质金属蛋白酶-2 (MMP-2)分泌之间的可能联系。福斯克林(腺苷酸环化酶激活剂)引起所研究的所有四种ECM蛋白沉积的剂量依赖性增加。异丙肾上腺素(β -肾上腺素能受体激动剂)和膜渗透cAMP类似物二丁基cAMP在低浓度下显著增加ECM蛋白的沉积量,在两种药物浓度较高时,这种增加被逆转。所有这些药物对MMP-2的分泌都有相反的作用,在减少ECM蛋白沉积的剂量下增加MMP-2的分泌,反之亦然。然而,磷酸二酯酶抑制剂IBMX升高cAMP对所研究的任何ECM蛋白的沉积量和MMP-2的分泌都没有影响。磷酸酯(PMA)激活PKC导致ECM蛋白沉积减少,MMP-2分泌增加。最后,细胞间钙与BAPTA-AM的螯合作用导致ECM沉积增加,MMP-2分泌减少。我们的研究结果表明camp -动员剂对ECM蛋白沉积的调节模式很复杂,并且ECM蛋白沉积与MMP-2分泌呈负相关。这两个过程的协调调节对新血管的形成和血管壁的完整性是必不可少的。
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引用次数: 10
The effects of HIV infection on endothelial function. HIV感染对内皮功能的影响。
Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/10623320009072210
David S. Chi, Jason L. Henry, J. Kelley, Rebecca Thorpe, Smith Jk, G. Krishnaswamy
Endothelial dysfunction and/or injury is pivotal to the development of cardiovascular and inflammatory pathology. Endothelial dysfunction and/or injury has been described in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. Elaboration of circulating markers of endothelial activation, such as soluble adhesion molecules and procoagulant proteins, occurs in HIV infection. Certain endothelial cells, such as those lining liver sinusoids, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, bone marrow stromal endothelial cells or brain microvascular endothelial cells, have been shown to be variably permissive for HIV infection. Entry of virus into endothelial cells may occur via CD4 antigen or galactosyl-ceramide receptors. Other mechanisms of entry including chemokine receptors have been proposed. Nevertheless, endothelial activation may also occur in HIV infection either by cytokines secreted in response to mononuclear or adventitial cell activation by virus or else by the effects of the secreted HIV-associated proteins, gp 120 (envelope glycoprotein) and Tat (transactivator of viral replication) on endothelium. Enhanced adhesiveness of endothelial cells, endothelial cell proliferation and apoptosis as well as activation of cytokine secretion have all been demonstrated. Synergy between select inflammatory cytokines and viral proteins in inducing endothelial injury has been shown. In HIV infection, dysfunctional or injured endothelial cells potentiate tissue injury, inflammation and remodeling, and accelerate the development of cardiovascular disease.
内皮功能障碍和/或损伤是心血管和炎症病理发展的关键。内皮功能障碍和/或损伤已被描述为人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染。内皮细胞活化的循环标记物,如可溶性黏附分子和促凝蛋白,在HIV感染中发生。某些内皮细胞,如肝窦内皮细胞、人脐静脉内皮细胞、骨髓基质内皮细胞或脑微血管内皮细胞,已被证明对HIV感染具有不同程度的容纳性。病毒可通过CD4抗原或半乳糖神经酰胺受体进入内皮细胞。包括趋化因子受体在内的其他进入机制已被提出。然而,在HIV感染中,内皮细胞的激活也可能是由于单个核细胞或外体细胞被病毒激活时分泌的细胞因子,或者是由于分泌的HIV相关蛋白gp 120(包膜糖蛋白)和Tat(病毒复制反激活因子)对内皮细胞的影响而发生的。内皮细胞黏附性增强,内皮细胞增殖和凋亡,细胞因子分泌被激活。炎性细胞因子和病毒蛋白在诱导内皮损伤中的协同作用已被证实。在HIV感染中,功能失调或损伤的内皮细胞增强了组织损伤、炎症和重塑,并加速了心血管疾病的发展。
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引用次数: 171
Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in the aorta of transgenic mice expressing human apolipoprotein(a) or lipoprotein(a). 表达人载脂蛋白(a)或脂蛋白(a)的转基因小鼠主动脉内皮依赖性血管松弛。
Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/10623320009072212
G. Rubanyi, A. Freay, R. Lawn
Elevated plasma level of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a well established risk factor for premature atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Recent studies showed impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in humans with elevated plasma Lp(a). However, these human studies could not determine whether (1) elevated Lp(a) levels alone are the cause of endothelial dysfunction (these patients had multiple risk factors), and (2) native or oxidatively modified Lp(a) contributes to endothelial dysfunction (no measurements of native/oxidized Lp(a) ratio was reported in humans). In order to test whether apo(a) (an essential component of Lp(a) which is required for binding to endothelial cells) and native Lp(a) cause endothelial dysfunction, in the present study we tested endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in aortic rings isolated from control and transgenic male mice either expressing the human apo(a) gene (TgA) or both the human apo(a) and human apo B100 genes (TgL). The TgA mice had plasma apo(a) levels of 8.8 +/- 1.2 mg/dl (n=6) and the double transgenic TgL mice had plasma Lp(a) levels of 15.3 +/- 1.4 mg/dl (n=8). Isolated aortic rings with and without endothelium were mounted in organ chambers and contracted with U46619 (10(-8) M) in the presence of ibuprofen (10(-5) M). Acetylcholine caused concentration-dependent (10(-9)-10(-5) M) relaxation, which could be prevented by endothelium removal and by NG-L-nitro-arginine (10(-4) M). Basal and acetylcholine-stimulated endothelium-dependent relaxation and endothelium-independent relaxation to nitroglycerin (10(-6) M) were not significantly different in aortic rings isolated from control and TgA or TgL mice. Twenty-four hour incubation of aortic rings isolated from control mice with recombinant human apo(a) or native Lp(a) (up to 300 microg/ml) caused no impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxations. In contrast, incubation with oxidized Lp(a) (50 microg/ml) or oxidized LDL (250 microg/ml) caused significant suppression of acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. These results show for the first time that elevated plasma levels of apo(a) and Lp(a) do not cause endothelial dysfunction in transgenic mice.
血浆脂蛋白(a)水平升高(Lp(a))是一个公认的过早动脉粥样硬化和冠状动脉疾病的危险因素。最近的研究表明血浆Lp升高的人内皮依赖性血管舒张功能受损(a)。然而,这些人体研究无法确定(1)单独升高的Lp(a)水平是否是内皮功能障碍的原因(这些患者有多种危险因素),以及(2)天然或氧化修饰的Lp(a)有助于内皮功能障碍(在人类中没有测量天然/氧化Lp(a)比率的报道)。为了测试载脂蛋白(a) (Lp(a)的重要成分,它是与内皮细胞结合所必需的)和天然Lp(a)是否会导致内皮功能障碍,在本研究中,我们测试了从表达人类载脂蛋白(a)基因(TgA)或人类载脂蛋白(a)和人类载脂蛋白B100基因(TgL)的对照和转基因雄性小鼠分离的主动脉环中内皮依赖性血管松弛。TgA小鼠血浆载脂蛋白(a)水平为8.8 +/- 1.2 mg/dl (n=6),双转基因TgL小鼠血浆脂蛋白(a)水平为15.3 +/- 1.4 mg/dl (n=8)。在布洛芬(10(-5)M)存在的情况下,分离的带内皮和不带内皮的主动脉环被放置在器官腔室中,用U46619 (10(-8) M)收缩。在对照组和TgA或TgL小鼠分离的主动脉环中,基底和乙酰胆碱刺激的内皮依赖性松弛和对硝酸甘油的内皮依赖性松弛(10(-6)M)无显著差异。用重组人载脂蛋白(a)或天然脂蛋白(a)(高达300微克/毫升)孵育从对照小鼠分离的主动脉环24小时,未引起内皮依赖性松弛损伤。相比之下,氧化Lp(a)(50微克/毫升)或氧化LDL(250微克/毫升)孵养可显著抑制乙酰胆碱诱导的内皮依赖性血管松弛。这些结果首次表明,在转基因小鼠中,血浆载脂蛋白(a)和脂蛋白(a)水平升高不会引起内皮功能障碍。
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引用次数: 7
Comparison of glycyrrhetinic acid isoforms and carbenoxolone as inhibitors of EDHF-type relaxations mediated via gap junctions. 甘草次酸同型异构体与卡贝诺洛酮作为间隙连接介导的edhf型松弛抑制剂的比较。
Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/10623320009072213
A. Chaytor, W. L. Marsh, I. R. Hutcheson, T. Griffith
The vascular actions of the lipophilic gap junction inhibitors 18alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid (18alpha-GA), 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid (18beta-GA) and the water-soluble hemisuccinate derivative of 18beta-GA, carbenoxolone, were investigated in preconstricted rings of rabbit superior mesenteric artery. EDHF-type relaxations to acetylcholine (ACh), observed in the presence of 300 microM NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and 10 microM indomethacin, were attenuated by preincubation with 18alpha-GA (to 100 microM), 18A-GA (to 10 microM) or carbenoxolone (to 300 microM) in a concentration-dependent fashion. By contrast, none of these agents affected responses to sodium nitroprusside, an exogeneous source of NO, and relaxations evoked by ACh in the absence of L-NAME were attenuated by only approximately 20%. 18alpha-GA exerted no direct effect on vessel tone, whereas 18beta-GA and carbenoxolone caused relaxations which were maximal at approximately 1 and approximately 10 mM, respectively. Relaxations to carbenoxolone were attenuated by endothelial denudation and by incubation with L-NAME, whereas those to 18beta-GA were unaffected. In conclusion, all three agents inhibit EDHF-type relaxations evoked by ACh, providing further evidence for the involvement of gap junctions in such responses. Unlike 18alpha-GA, carbenoxolone and 18beta-GA possess intrinsic vasorelaxant activity which in the case of carbenoxolone involves functional enhancement of NO activity in addition to direct effects on vascular smooth muscle.
研究了亲脂性间隙连接抑制剂18α -甘草次酸(18α - ga)、18β -甘草次酸(18β - ga)及其水溶性半琥珀酸衍生物卡贝诺酮在兔肠系膜上动脉预收缩环中的血管作用。在300微米ng -硝基- l -精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)和10微米吲哚美辛的存在下,edhf对乙酰胆碱(ACh)的松弛,通过与18α - ga(至100微米)、18A-GA(至10微米)或卡贝诺洛酮(至300微米)的浓度依赖方式预孵育而减弱。相比之下,这些药物都不影响对硝普钠(一种外源性NO来源)的反应,并且在没有L-NAME的情况下,乙酰胆碱引起的松弛仅减弱约20%。18α - ga对血管张力无直接影响,而18α - ga和卡贝诺洛酮分别在约1 mM和约10 mM处引起最大松弛。内皮剥脱和L-NAME孵育可减弱对卡贝诺洛酮的松弛,而对18 β - ga的松弛则不受影响。总之,这三种药物都抑制了乙酰胆碱引起的edhf型松弛,进一步证明了间隙连接参与了这种反应。与18α - ga不同,卡贝诺洛酮和18β - ga具有内在的血管松弛活性,在卡贝诺洛酮的情况下,除了对血管平滑肌的直接作用外,还包括对NO活性的功能增强。
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引用次数: 54
期刊
Endothelium-journal of Endothelial Cell Research
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