This article studies the depiction of the Ottoman period, and the dystopian narratives about that period, in history textbooks printed in Bosnia and Herzegovina during Socialist Yugoslavia. It connects literature on nationalism and education in the peculiar context of Bosnia-Herzegovina within former Socialist Yugoslavia. Housing a substantial native Slavic Muslim population, Bosnia was unique in that it was not a ‘national’ republic, but rather the only multi-national Republic within the Yugoslav federation. This population dates to the Ottoman period in Bosnia (1463–1878), when a significant part of the population converted to Islam. The period in question has been much maligned by Serbian and Croatian historiographies. It was presented as a ‘Dark Age’ in which a foreign imposition hindered the development of the nations into modernity. Conversely, Marxist writings too decried the backwardness of the Ottomans and Islamic Civilization as a whole. This intersection of nationalist and Marxist understandings of the past both envisioned a grand utopian future set against the abuses of the period, making it highly interesting to examine how textbooks presented it to younger generations. As representations of ‘official knowledge’, the textbooks therefore largely used the language of dystopia (a society worse than the reader’s) to present Ottoman rule. It was shown to be a period of unjust extraction, violence, and the end of independent development. However, this article argues, the books not only aimed to decry the historical injustices. They presented the regime and its modern values positively. Unfortunately, despite the political gains the Bosnian Muslim population gained in Yugoslavia, the textbook image of the Ottomans has hardly changed. This would have disastrous consequences in the Wars of the 1990s, when the Bosnian Muslims were conveniently cast as the ‘Turkish’ nemesis, as the Ghost of the House of Osman roamed largely free through Yugoslavia’s history textbooks.
{"title":"The Ghost of the Ottoman Scourge: Ottoman Hauntology and Dystopia in Socialist Yugoslav History Textbooks (1945–1990)","authors":"Bakir Ovčina","doi":"10.33391/jgjh.175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33391/jgjh.175","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies the depiction of the Ottoman period, and the dystopian narratives about that period, in history textbooks printed in Bosnia and Herzegovina during Socialist Yugoslavia. It connects literature on nationalism and education in the peculiar context of Bosnia-Herzegovina within former Socialist Yugoslavia. Housing a substantial native Slavic Muslim population, Bosnia was unique in that it was not a ‘national’ republic, but rather the only multi-national Republic within the Yugoslav federation. This population dates to the Ottoman period in Bosnia (1463–1878), when a significant part of the population converted to Islam. The period in question has been much maligned by Serbian and Croatian historiographies. It was presented as a ‘Dark Age’ in which a foreign imposition hindered the development of the nations into modernity. Conversely, Marxist writings too decried the backwardness of the Ottomans and Islamic Civilization as a whole. This intersection of nationalist and Marxist understandings of the past both envisioned a grand utopian future set against the abuses of the period, making it highly interesting to examine how textbooks presented it to younger generations. As representations of ‘official knowledge’, the textbooks therefore largely used the language of dystopia (a society worse than the reader’s) to present Ottoman rule. It was shown to be a period of unjust extraction, violence, and the end of independent development. However, this article argues, the books not only aimed to decry the historical injustices. They presented the regime and its modern values positively. Unfortunately, despite the political gains the Bosnian Muslim population gained in Yugoslavia, the textbook image of the Ottomans has hardly changed. This would have disastrous consequences in the Wars of the 1990s, when the Bosnian Muslims were conveniently cast as the ‘Turkish’ nemesis, as the Ghost of the House of Osman roamed largely free through Yugoslavia’s history textbooks.","PeriodicalId":115950,"journal":{"name":"Junctions: Graduate Journal of the Humanities","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140445287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explores Donna Haraway’s concept of the cyborg through its prosthetic and heterotopian extension in embodied text. With this fractured and ironic ‘cyborg’ figure, Haraway attempted to move feminist theory and politics into a new direction that broke with second-wave feminism’s perpetual reconceptualization of ‘the woman’ as a natural category. However, the text also became the subject of scholarly critique for dissolving the singularities and material contexts of the bodies marginalized by the categories of gender that Haraway’s abstract and utopian metaphor of the cyborg excludes. Unlike these critics’ disposal of the cyborg, this article stays with this monstrous creature and attempts to give her back some embodied singularities, whilst further elaborating Haraway’s concept of ‘cyborg writing’ and close-reading Shelley Jackson’s digital hypertext novel Patchwork Girl (1995). In this hypertext novel, Jackson creates a new myth from the torn-apart body parts of the monstrous female companion of Frankenstein’s monster in Mary Shelley’s original novel. Readers are invited to cooperate in the infinite tearing apart and stitching together of this female monster and, in doing so, form the text as heterotopian; the embodied practices of readers in actual space are, namely, co-constitutive of the text’s multiple and always changing form. The author argues that focusing on the way Patchwork Girl’saesthetics and literal uses of prostheses endlessly move this—and within this—heterotopian regeneration, makes present how Jackson’s hypertext departs from Haraway’s theoretical text and gives way to the acting out of a queerness that cannot imagine its place in utopia. Like Haraway, Jackson emphasizes the fragmentary nature of bodies and subjectivities. But Patchwork Girl’s never-resting hypertext makes these bodies, and their prosthetic extensions betray the theoretical territory of metaphor and abstraction.
{"title":"'You Can Resurrect Me, but Only Piecemeal': Embodied Texts and the Heterotopian Regeneration of the Cyborg","authors":"Dominique Ubbels","doi":"10.33391/jgjh.181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33391/jgjh.181","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores Donna Haraway’s concept of the cyborg through its prosthetic and heterotopian extension in embodied text. With this fractured and ironic ‘cyborg’ figure, Haraway attempted to move feminist theory and politics into a new direction that broke with second-wave feminism’s perpetual reconceptualization of ‘the woman’ as a natural category. However, the text also became the subject of scholarly critique for dissolving the singularities and material contexts of the bodies marginalized by the categories of gender that Haraway’s abstract and utopian metaphor of the cyborg excludes. Unlike these critics’ disposal of the cyborg, this article stays with this monstrous creature and attempts to give her back some embodied singularities, whilst further elaborating Haraway’s concept of ‘cyborg writing’ and close-reading Shelley Jackson’s digital hypertext novel Patchwork Girl (1995). In this hypertext novel, Jackson creates a new myth from the torn-apart body parts of the monstrous female companion of Frankenstein’s monster in Mary Shelley’s original novel. Readers are invited to cooperate in the infinite tearing apart and stitching together of this female monster and, in doing so, form the text as heterotopian; the embodied practices of readers in actual space are, namely, co-constitutive of the text’s multiple and always changing form. The author argues that focusing on the way Patchwork Girl’saesthetics and literal uses of prostheses endlessly move this—and within this—heterotopian regeneration, makes present how Jackson’s hypertext departs from Haraway’s theoretical text and gives way to the acting out of a queerness that cannot imagine its place in utopia. Like Haraway, Jackson emphasizes the fragmentary nature of bodies and subjectivities. But Patchwork Girl’s never-resting hypertext makes these bodies, and their prosthetic extensions betray the theoretical territory of metaphor and abstraction.","PeriodicalId":115950,"journal":{"name":"Junctions: Graduate Journal of the Humanities","volume":"122 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140443573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article will draw from two central notions of normative epistemic interest: ‘It is wrong to maintain a belief despite the awareness that it is not supported by evidence,’ and ‘If the evidence is inconclusive or otherwise insufficient to support a decision, one should not make a judgement.’ Both of these sentiments are captured in philosophical thought, the former in the ethics of belief, the latter in agnosticism. It will be examined how an overlap of these inclinations can be spelt out and whether it holds for the locus classicus of agnosticism: religious belief in the existence of God/gods. More specifically, whether a moderate and modern version of moral evidentialism can provide arguments for being agnostic or support existing agnostic theories. The core premise which will be defended here is that in certain cases there can be moral reasons for suspending judgement when the evidence is inconclusive. Where beliefs become morally relevant, i.e., through the actions we base on them, there are not only epistemic but also moral reasons to carefully stick to the evidence. It will then be argued that the belief in God’s/gods’ (non-)existence is such a case. Both religious and atheist convictions can be of great practical relevance on a personal and societal level. Through their impact and authority, they hold moral stakes and have to be founded on a solid evidential base. Finally, the article provides agnostic arguments to show that such an evidential base has not yet been met and ends with an appeal to reconsider the authority of atheist and theist convictions, especially in a secularizing and religiously pluralistic society.
{"title":"Agnosticism and the Ethics of Belief: Are there Moral Reasons to Suspend Judgement on God’s Existence?","authors":"Lily Tappe","doi":"10.33391/jgjh.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33391/jgjh.170","url":null,"abstract":"This article will draw from two central notions of normative epistemic interest: ‘It is wrong to maintain a belief despite the awareness that it is not supported by evidence,’ and ‘If the evidence is inconclusive or otherwise insufficient to support a decision, one should not make a judgement.’ Both of these sentiments are captured in philosophical thought, the former in the ethics of belief, the latter in agnosticism. It will be examined how an overlap of these inclinations can be spelt out and whether it holds for the locus classicus of agnosticism: religious belief in the existence of God/gods. More specifically, whether a moderate and modern version of moral evidentialism can provide arguments for being agnostic or support existing agnostic theories. The core premise which will be defended here is that in certain cases there can be moral reasons for suspending judgement when the evidence is inconclusive. Where beliefs become morally relevant, i.e., through the actions we base on them, there are not only epistemic but also moral reasons to carefully stick to the evidence. It will then be argued that the belief in God’s/gods’ (non-)existence is such a case. Both religious and atheist convictions can be of great practical relevance on a personal and societal level. Through their impact and authority, they hold moral stakes and have to be founded on a solid evidential base. Finally, the article provides agnostic arguments to show that such an evidential base has not yet been met and ends with an appeal to reconsider the authority of atheist and theist convictions, especially in a secularizing and religiously pluralistic society.","PeriodicalId":115950,"journal":{"name":"Junctions: Graduate Journal of the Humanities","volume":"171 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140443660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction: Decolonizing the University","authors":"Amira Fretz, D. Helmich","doi":"10.33391/jgjh.162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33391/jgjh.162","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":115950,"journal":{"name":"Junctions: Graduate Journal of the Humanities","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116673651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review: Unplanned Visitors: Queering the Ethics and Aesthetics of Domestic Space","authors":"Martin Van Wijk","doi":"10.33391/jgjh.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33391/jgjh.139","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":115950,"journal":{"name":"Junctions: Graduate Journal of the Humanities","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121006163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction: (Re)Building the City","authors":"D. Helmich, Keerthi Sridharan","doi":"10.33391/jgjh.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33391/jgjh.147","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":115950,"journal":{"name":"Junctions: Graduate Journal of the Humanities","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124785418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ineffable Poetics: Negotiating Exile and Literary Self-Expression via Wittgenstein’s City Metaphor","authors":"Sophie Fernier","doi":"10.33391/jgjh.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33391/jgjh.129","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":115950,"journal":{"name":"Junctions: Graduate Journal of the Humanities","volume":"189 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116443523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Negotiating, Navigating and the Neoliberal University: A Conversation with Rosemarie Buikema","authors":"Bethany Gum","doi":"10.33391/jgjh.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33391/jgjh.125","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":115950,"journal":{"name":"Junctions: Graduate Journal of the Humanities","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130974032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review: Resisting Neo-Liberalism in Higher Education Volume 2: Prising Open the Cracks","authors":"Prithvik Sen Choudhary","doi":"10.33391/jgjh.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33391/jgjh.117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":115950,"journal":{"name":"Junctions: Graduate Journal of the Humanities","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116558843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Getting by with my Yaars: Analyzing Decoloniality and the University through Yaariyan, Gupshup and Baithak","authors":"Syeda Rabeea Ahmad","doi":"10.33391/jgjh.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33391/jgjh.122","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":115950,"journal":{"name":"Junctions: Graduate Journal of the Humanities","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121735186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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