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Oxford Studies in Agency and Responsibility Volume 5最新文献

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Second Thoughts 第二个想法
Pub Date : 2019-02-21 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198830238.003.0011
Gary Watson
This chapter addresses critical questions about Watson’s distinction between two “faces” of responsibility—responsibility as attributability and responsibility as accountability—addressing the nature of each and what each has to do with responsibility. Along the way, a distinction is elaborated between first-personal and second-personal forms of answerability, the first of which is implicit in attributability and the second of which is a form of accountability. The chapter bemoans the emphasis in much recent writing on reactive attitudes, narrowly construed; this ignores many of the responses that constitute holding others responsible. It also rejects the prevalent idea that moral criticism is basically a response to agents’ quality of will. This leaves out culpable and other forms of objectionable inadvertence. Finally, the chapter explains the motivation behind Watson’s earlier position on weakness of will, and why he now regards that position as misguided.
本章讨论了关于沃森区分责任的两种“面貌”的关键问题——作为归因的责任和作为问责的责任——讨论了每一种的本质以及每一种与责任的关系。在此过程中,作者详细阐述了第一人称和第二人称形式的责任之间的区别,第一人称形式隐含在归因中,第二人称形式是一种责任。这一章哀叹了最近许多文章对被动态度的强调,这种强调被狭隘地解读;这忽略了许多构成追究他人责任的反应。它还驳斥了一种流行的观点,即道德批评基本上是对行为主体意志质量的回应。这排除了应受谴责的和其他形式的令人反感的疏忽。最后,本章解释了沃森早先关于意志薄弱的立场背后的动机,以及为什么他现在认为这种立场是错误的。
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Oxford Studies in Agency and Responsibility Volume 5
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