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Pituitary-testis axis dysfunction following adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy. 辅助雄激素剥夺治疗后垂体-睾丸轴功能障碍。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q2 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1530/ERC-22-0246
Julie Abildgaard, Hein Vincent Stroomberg, A Kirstine Bang, Jakob Albrethsen, Laura Smedegaard Kruuse, Anders Juul, Klaus Brasso, Andreas Røder, Niels Jørgensen

Men with high-risk, non-metastatic prostate cancer receive adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for at least 2 years according to Danish guidelines. It remains unclarified if patients regain the function of the pituitary-testis axis after cessation of ADT. Thus, we aimed to investigate the function of the pituitary-testis axis following adjuvant ADT. In this study, we included men who underwent external beam radiation therapy and ADT for high-risk prostate cancer. All patients underwent assessment of testosterone deficiency (TD) symptoms, full biochemical assessment of the pituitary-testis axis, and dynamic stimulatory tests of gonadotropin (gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) test) and testosterone production (human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) test). Patients were diagnosed with TD based on a combination of TD symptoms and testosterone below age-specific reference ranges. TD was characterized as primary, secondary, or mixed based on serum gonadotropins and stimulatory tests. We found that among the 51 patients included in the study, the median time on ADT was 3.2 years and median time since ADT cessation was 3.8 years. Twenty-eight patients were diagnosed with TD; 10 had primary TD (testicular dysfunction), 11 secondary TD (pituitary dysfunction), and 7 mixed TD (combined pituitary and testicular dysfunction). An inadequate testosterone response to hCG stimulation was shown in 42 patients, whereas only 11 patients had a subnormal gonadotropin response to GnRH. We conclude that persistent TD is a common long-term consequence of adjuvant ADT in prostate cancer survivors, equally distributed between pituitary and testicular dysfunction. The study emphasizes the necessity for systematic follow-up of full pituitary-testis axis function in patients receiving adjuvant ADT.

根据丹麦指南,高风险非转移性前列腺癌患者接受辅助雄激素剥夺治疗(ADT)至少2年。目前尚不清楚患者停止ADT后是否能恢复垂体-睾丸轴的功能。因此,我们的目的是研究辅助ADT后垂体-睾丸轴的功能。在这项研究中,我们纳入了接受外部放射治疗和ADT治疗高危前列腺癌的男性。所有患者均接受睾酮缺乏(TD)症状评估、垂体-睾丸轴全面生化评估、促性腺激素(促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)试验)和睾酮生成(人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)试验)动态刺激试验。根据TD症状和低于特定年龄参考范围的睾丸激素的组合诊断患者患有TD。根据血清促性腺激素和刺激试验,TD可分为原发性、继发性或混合性。我们发现纳入研究的51例患者中,ADT治疗的中位时间为3.2年,停止ADT治疗的中位时间为3.8年。28名患者被诊断为TD;原发性TD(睾丸功能障碍)10例,继发性TD(垂体功能障碍)11例,混合性TD(垂体和睾丸功能障碍)7例。42例患者对hCG刺激的睾酮反应不足,而只有11例患者对GnRH的促性腺激素反应低于正常。我们得出结论,持续性TD是前列腺癌幸存者辅助ADT的常见长期后果,平均分布在垂体和睾丸功能障碍之间。本研究强调对接受辅助ADT的患者进行系统的垂体-睾丸轴全功能随访的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
The allelic regulation of tumor suppressor ADARB2 in papillary thyroid carcinoma. 肿瘤抑制因子ADARB2在甲状腺乳头状癌中的等位基因调控。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q2 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1530/ERC-22-0189
Wenwen Li, Teng Wang, Guobin Fu, Yuan Xu, Nasha Zhang, Linyu Han, Ming Yang

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is one of the histological subtypes of thyroid cancer which is the most common endocrine malignancy in the world. The disrupted balance of the adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing due to dysregulation of the editing genes exists in thyroid cancer. However, it is still largely unknown how functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the A-to-I RNA editing genes contribute to PTC genetic susceptibility. In this study, we systematically annotated and investigated the role of 28 potential functional SNPs of ADAR, ADARB1, ADARB2 and AIMP2 in PTC. We identified ADARB2 rs904957 and rs1007147 genetic variants which are associated with significantly elevated PTC risk in two case-control sets consisting of 2020 PTC cases and 2021 controls. Further investigations disclosed that ADARB2 could inhibit cell viability and invasion capabilities of PTC cells as a novel tumor suppressor. The ADARB2 rs904957 thymine-to-cytosine (T-to-C) polymorphism in gene 3'-untranslated region enhances miR-1180-3p-binding affinity and represses ADARB2 expression through an allele-specific manner. In line with this, carriers with the rs904957 C allele correlated with decreased tumor suppressor ADARB2 expression in tissue specimens showed notably increased risk of developing PTC compared to the T allele carriers. Our findings highlight that the A-to-I RNA editing gene ADARB2 SNPs confer PTC risk. Importantly, these insights would improve our understanding for the general roles of RNA editing and editing genes during cancer development.

甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)是甲状腺癌的组织学亚型之一,是世界上最常见的内分泌恶性肿瘤。甲状腺癌中存在由于编辑基因失调而导致的腺苷-肌苷(A-to-I) RNA编辑平衡被破坏。然而,A-to-I RNA编辑基因中的功能性单核苷酸多态性(snp)如何影响PTC的遗传易感性仍是一个很大的未知数。在这项研究中,我们系统地注释和研究了ADAR、ADARB1、ADARB2和AIMP2的28个潜在功能snp在PTC中的作用。我们在两个病例对照组(包括2020例PTC病例和2021例对照)中发现ADARB2 rs904957和rs1007147遗传变异与PTC风险显著升高相关。进一步的研究发现,ADARB2作为一种新的肿瘤抑制因子,可以抑制PTC细胞的细胞活力和侵袭能力。ADARB2基因3'-非翻译区rs904957胸腺嘧啶-胞嘧啶(T-to-C)多态性增强了mir -1180-3p结合亲和力,并通过等位基因特异性方式抑制ADARB2的表达。与此相一致的是,与组织标本中肿瘤抑制因子ADARB2表达降低相关的rs904957 C等位基因携带者与T等位基因携带者相比,发生PTC的风险显著增加。我们的研究结果强调,A-to-I RNA编辑基因ADARB2 snp会导致PTC风险。重要的是,这些见解将提高我们对RNA编辑和编辑基因在癌症发展过程中的一般作用的理解。
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引用次数: 1
TAGLN2 promotes papillary thyroid carcinoma invasion via the Rap1/PI3K/AKT axis. TAGLN2通过Rap1/PI3K/AKT轴促进甲状腺乳头状癌的侵袭。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q2 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1530/ERC-21-0352
Lidong Wang, Hao Tan, Yonglian Huang, Mingyue Guo, Yanxu Dong, Chenxi Liu, Huai Zhao, Zhen Liu

TAGLN2, an actin-binding protein, functions as a binding protein to actin to facilitate the formation of intracellular cytoskeleton structures. TAGLN2 overexpression in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is reported in our previous study. This study aimed to examine the functions and molecular mechanisms of TAGLN2 in PTC. The clinical data analysis showed that TAGLN2 expression was associated with cervical lymph node metastasis in PTC. Gain- and loss-of-function approaches, as well as various cellular function, gene expression profiles, quantitative proteomics, and molecular biology experiments, were further exploited to explore the roles of TAGLN2 in PTC. The results showed that TAGLN2 overexpression significantly promoted the invasion of PTC cell lines (K1, TPC-1, and BCPAP). Besides, the results also indicated that TAGLN2 was associated with regulating proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and adhesion of PTC cells. Gene expression profile, quantitative proteomics, and Western blotting were performed to identify the relevant pathways and key downstream molecules, and Rap1/PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, ITGB5, LAMC2, CRKL, vimentin, N-cadherin, and E-cadherin were finally focused on. Moreover, rescue experiments validated the involvement of the Rap1/PI3K/AKT signalling pathway in the TAGLN2-mediated invasion of PTC cells. Therefore, TAGLN2 may promote the invasion of PTC cells via the Rap1/PI3K/AKT signalling pathway and may be served as a potential therapeutic target for PTC. Developing antagonists targeting TAGLN2 may be a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for PTC.

TAGLN2是一种肌动蛋白结合蛋白,作为肌动蛋白的结合蛋白,促进细胞内细胞骨架结构的形成。TAGLN2在甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)中的过表达在我们之前的研究中有报道。本研究旨在探讨TAGLN2在PTC中的功能和分子机制。临床资料分析显示,TAGLN2表达与PTC颈部淋巴结转移有关。进一步利用功能获得和功能丧失方法,以及各种细胞功能、基因表达谱、定量蛋白质组学和分子生物学实验来探索TAGLN2在PTC中的作用。结果显示,TAGLN2过表达可显著促进PTC细胞系(K1、TPC-1和BCPAP)的侵袭。此外,结果还表明TAGLN2与调节PTC细胞的增殖、迁移、血管生成和粘附有关。通过基因表达谱、定量蛋白质组学和Western blotting鉴定相关通路和关键下游分子,最终重点研究Rap1/PI3K/AKT信号通路、ITGB5、LAMC2、CRKL、vimentin、N-cadherin、E-cadherin。此外,救援实验验证了Rap1/PI3K/AKT信号通路参与tagln2介导的PTC细胞侵袭。因此,TAGLN2可能通过Rap1/PI3K/AKT信号通路促进PTC细胞的侵袭,并可能作为PTC的潜在治疗靶点。开发靶向TAGLN2的拮抗剂可能是治疗PTC的潜在有效策略。
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引用次数: 4
Unregulated LDL cholesterol uptake is detrimental to breast cancer cells. 不受控制的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇摄取对乳腺癌细胞有害。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q2 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1530/ERC-22-0234
Tiffany Scully, Abora Ettela, Nathan Kase, Derek LeRoith, Emily Jane Gallagher

Tumor uptake of exogenous cholesterol has been associated with the proliferation of various cancers. Previously, we and others have shown that hypercholesterolemia promotes tumor growth and silencing of the LDL receptor (LDLR) in high LDLR-expressing tumors reduces growth. To advance understanding of how LDL uptake promotes tumor growth, LDLR expression was amplified in breast cancer cell lines with endogenously low LDLR expression. Murine (Mvt1) and human (MDA-MB-468) breast cancer cell lines were transduced to overexpress human LDLR (LDLROE). Successful transduction was confirmed by RNA and protein analysis. Fluorescence-labeled LDL uptake was increased in both Mvt1 and MDA-MD-468 LDLROE cells. The expression of the cholesterol-metabolizing genes, ABCA1 and ABCG1, was increased, while HMGCR was decreased in the MDA-MB-468 LDLROE cells. In contrast, Mvt1 LDLROE cells showed no differences in Abca1 and Abcg1 expression and increased Hmgcr expression. Using a Seahorse analyzer, Mvt1 LDLROE cells showed increased respiration (ATP-linked and maximal) relative to controls, while no statistically significant changes in respiration in MDA-MB-468 LDLROE cells were observed. Growth of LDLROE cells was reduced in culture and in hypercholesterolemic mice by two-fold. However, the expression of proliferation-associated markers (Ki67, PCNA and BrdU-label incorporation) was not decreased in the Mvt1 LDLROE tumors and cells. Caspase-3 cleavage, which is associated with apoptosis, was increased in both the Mvt1 and MDA-MB-468 LDLROE cells relative to controls, with the Mvt1 LDLROE cells also showing decreased phosphorylation of p44/42MAPK. Taken together, our work suggests that while additional LDL can promote tumor growth, unregulated and prolonged LDL uptake is detrimental.

肿瘤摄取外源性胆固醇与多种癌症的增殖有关。先前,我们和其他人已经表明,高胆固醇血症促进肿瘤生长,而在高LDL受体表达的肿瘤中,LDL受体(LDLR)的沉默会降低肿瘤生长。为了进一步了解LDL摄取如何促进肿瘤生长,我们在内源性低LDLR表达的乳腺癌细胞系中扩增了LDLR的表达。小鼠(Mvt1)和人(MDA-MB-468)乳腺癌细胞系被转导为过表达人LDLR (LDLROE)。通过RNA和蛋白分析证实转导成功。荧光标记LDL摄取在Mvt1和MDA-MD-468 LDLROE细胞中均增加。MDA-MB-468 LDLROE细胞中胆固醇代谢基因ABCA1、ABCG1表达升高,HMGCR表达降低。Mvt1 LDLROE细胞Abca1和Abcg1表达无差异,Hmgcr表达升高。使用海马分析仪,Mvt1 LDLROE细胞的呼吸(atp相关的和最大的)相对于对照组增加,而MDA-MB-468 LDLROE细胞的呼吸没有统计学意义的变化。在培养和高胆固醇血症小鼠中,LDLROE细胞的生长减少了两倍。然而,在Mvt1 LDLROE肿瘤和细胞中,增殖相关标志物(Ki67、PCNA和BrdU-label掺入)的表达并未降低。与对照组相比,Mvt1和MDA-MB-468 LDLROE细胞中与凋亡相关的Caspase-3切割增加,Mvt1 LDLROE细胞也显示p44/42MAPK磷酸化降低。综上所述,我们的工作表明,虽然额外的LDL可以促进肿瘤生长,但不受管制和长时间的LDL摄取是有害的。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of thyroid dysfunction on breast cancer risk: an updated meta-analysis. 甲状腺功能障碍对乳腺癌风险的影响:一项最新的荟萃分析。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q2 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1530/ERC-22-0155
Thi-Van-Trinh Tran, Cari Meinhold Kitahara, Laurence Leenhardt, Florent de Vathaire, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Neige Journy

In a previous systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting associations between hyper-/hypothyroidism and breast cancer incidence published through 29 January 2019, we identified a higher risk with diagnosed hyperthyroidism compared to euthyroidism, but no association with diagnosed hypothyroidism. This 2-year updated meta-analysis aims to investigate the role of menopause in this association and the dose-response relationship with blood levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones. After the exclusion of studies with only mortality follow-up, with thyroid dysfunction evaluated as a cancer biomarker or after prior breast cancer diagnosis, we reviewed 25 studies that were published up to 01 December 2021 and identified in MEDLINE, the COCHRANE library, Embase, or Web of Science; of these, 9 were included in the previous meta-analysis. Risk estimates from 22 of the 25 studies were included in the meta-analysis and pooled using random-effects models. Compared to euthyroidism, hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism diagnoses were associated with higher (pooled risk ratio (RR): 1.12, 95% CI: 1.06-1.18, 3829 exposed cases) and lower risks (RR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.86-1.00, 5632 exposed cases) of breast cancer, respectively. The increased risk after hyperthyroidism was greater among postmenopausal women (RR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.09-1.30) and the decreased risk after hypothyroidism was more pronounced among premenopausal women (RR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.53-0.89). Among women with no prior history of thyroid disease, every 1 mIU/L increase in TSH level was associated with a 0.8% (95% CI > 0-1.5%) lower risk of breast cancer. In conclusion, this meta-analysis supports an association between thyroid hormone levels and breast cancer risk, which could be modified by menopausal status.

在2019年1月29日之前发表的关于甲状腺功能亢进/功能减退与乳腺癌发病率之间关联的研究的系统回顾和荟萃分析中,我们发现诊断为甲状腺功能亢进的风险高于甲状腺功能亢进,但与诊断为甲状腺功能减退的风险无关。这项为期2年的荟萃分析旨在研究更年期在这一关联中的作用,以及与血液中促甲状腺激素(TSH)和甲状腺激素水平的剂量-反应关系。在排除了只有死亡率随访、甲状腺功能障碍被评估为癌症生物标志物或既往乳腺癌诊断的研究后,我们回顾了截至2021年12月1日发表并在MEDLINE、COCHRANE图书馆、Embase或Web of Science中确定的25项研究;其中9例被纳入先前的荟萃分析。25项研究中有22项的风险估计被纳入meta分析,并使用随机效应模型进行汇总。与甲状腺功能亢进和甲状腺功能减退相比,甲状腺功能亢进和甲状腺功能减退的诊断分别与较高(合并风险比(RR): 1.12, 95% CI: 1.06-1.18, 3829例暴露)和较低(RR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.86-1.00, 5632例暴露)的乳腺癌风险相关。绝经后妇女甲状腺功能亢进后的风险增加更大(RR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.09-1.30),绝经前妇女甲状腺功能减退后风险降低更明显(RR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.53-0.89)。在没有甲状腺疾病史的女性中,TSH水平每增加1 mIU/L,乳腺癌风险降低0.8% (95% CI > 0-1.5%)。总之,这项荟萃分析支持甲状腺激素水平与乳腺癌风险之间的关联,这种关联可能因绝经状态而改变。
{"title":"The effect of thyroid dysfunction on breast cancer risk: an updated meta-analysis.","authors":"Thi-Van-Trinh Tran,&nbsp;Cari Meinhold Kitahara,&nbsp;Laurence Leenhardt,&nbsp;Florent de Vathaire,&nbsp;Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault,&nbsp;Neige Journy","doi":"10.1530/ERC-22-0155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-22-0155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a previous systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting associations between hyper-/hypothyroidism and breast cancer incidence published through 29 January 2019, we identified a higher risk with diagnosed hyperthyroidism compared to euthyroidism, but no association with diagnosed hypothyroidism. This 2-year updated meta-analysis aims to investigate the role of menopause in this association and the dose-response relationship with blood levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones. After the exclusion of studies with only mortality follow-up, with thyroid dysfunction evaluated as a cancer biomarker or after prior breast cancer diagnosis, we reviewed 25 studies that were published up to 01 December 2021 and identified in MEDLINE, the COCHRANE library, Embase, or Web of Science; of these, 9 were included in the previous meta-analysis. Risk estimates from 22 of the 25 studies were included in the meta-analysis and pooled using random-effects models. Compared to euthyroidism, hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism diagnoses were associated with higher (pooled risk ratio (RR): 1.12, 95% CI: 1.06-1.18, 3829 exposed cases) and lower risks (RR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.86-1.00, 5632 exposed cases) of breast cancer, respectively. The increased risk after hyperthyroidism was greater among postmenopausal women (RR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.09-1.30) and the decreased risk after hypothyroidism was more pronounced among premenopausal women (RR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.53-0.89). Among women with no prior history of thyroid disease, every 1 mIU/L increase in TSH level was associated with a 0.8% (95% CI > 0-1.5%) lower risk of breast cancer. In conclusion, this meta-analysis supports an association between thyroid hormone levels and breast cancer risk, which could be modified by menopausal status.</p>","PeriodicalId":11654,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine-related cancer","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10422105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Germline CDKN1B variant type and site are associated with phenotype in MEN4. 种系CDKN1B变异类型和位点与MEN4表型相关。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q2 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1530/ERC-22-0174
Reut Halperin, Liat Arnon, Sapir Nasirov, Limor Friedensohn, Michal Gershinsky, Alona Telerman, Eitan Friedman, Rinat Bernstein-Molho, Amit Tirosh

Multiple endocrine neoplasia 4 (MEN4) is a rare multiglandular endocrine neoplasia syndrome clinically hallmarked by primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), pituitary adenoma (PitAd), and neuroendocrine tumors (NET), clinically overlapping MEN1. The underlying mutated gene - CDKN1B, encodes for the cell-cycle regulator p27. Possible genotype-phenotype correlations in MEN4 have not been thoroughly assessed. Prompted by the findings in three Israeli MEN4 kindreds, we performed a literature review on published and unpublished data from previously reported MEN4/CDKN1B cases. Univariate analysis analyzed time-dependent risks for developing PHPT, PitAd, or NET by variant type and position along the gene. Overall, 74 MEN4 cases were analyzed. PHPT risk was 53.4% by age 60 years (mean age at diagnosis age 50.6 ± 13.9 years), risk for PitAd was 23.2% and risk for NET was 16.2% (34.4 ± 21.4 and 52.9 ± 13.9 years, respectively). The frameshift variant p.Q107fs was the most common variant identified (4/41 (9.7%) kindreds). Patients with indels had higher risk for PHPT vs point mutations (log-rank, P = 0.029). Variants in codons 94-96 were associated with higher risk for PHPT (P < 0.001) and PitAd (P = 0.031). To conclude, MEN4 is clinically distinct from MEN1, with lower risk and older age for PHPT diagnosis. We report recurrent CDKN1B frameshift variants and possible genotype-phenotype correlations.

多发性内分泌瘤4 (MEN4)是一种罕见的多腺内分泌瘤综合征,临床上以原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进(PHPT)、垂体腺瘤(PitAd)和神经内分泌肿瘤(NET)为特征,临床上MEN1与原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进(PHPT)重叠。潜在的突变基因CDKN1B编码细胞周期调节因子p27。MEN4可能的基因型-表型相关性尚未得到全面评估。在三种以色列MEN4类型的研究结果的推动下,我们对先前报道的MEN4/CDKN1B病例的已发表和未发表的数据进行了文献综述。单变量分析通过基因的变异类型和位置分析了发生PHPT、PitAd或NET的时间依赖性风险。共分析74例MEN4病例。60岁时PHPT风险为53.4%(诊断时平均年龄50.6±13.9岁),PitAd风险为23.2%,NET风险为16.2%(分别为34.4±21.4岁和52.9±13.9岁)。移码变异p.Q107fs是最常见的变异(4/41(9.7%)种)。与点突变相比,indel患者发生PHPT的风险更高(log-rank, P = 0.029)。密码子94-96的变异与PHPT (P < 0.001)和PitAd (P = 0.031)的高风险相关。综上所述,MEN4在临床上不同于MEN1,诊断PHPT的风险更低,年龄更大。我们报告了复发性CDKN1B移码变异和可能的基因型-表型相关性。
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引用次数: 3
Mitochondrial dynamics and oxidative phosphorylation as critical targets in cancer. 线粒体动力学和氧化磷酸化是癌症的关键靶点。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q2 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1530/ERC-22-0229
Kaylee B Punter, Charles Chu, Edmond Y W Chan

It has long been recognised that cancer cells critically depend on reprogrammed patterns of metabolism that can enable robust and abnormally high levels of cell proliferation. As mitochondria form hubs of cellular metabolic activity, it is reasonable to propose that pathways within these organelles can form targets that can be manipulated to compromise the ability of cancer cells to cause disease. However, mitochondria are highly multi-functional, and the full range of mechanistic inter-connections are still being unravelled to enable the full potential of targeting mitochondria in cancer therapeutics. Here, we aim to highlight the potential of modulating mitochondrial dynamics to target key metabolic or apoptotic pathways in cancer cells. Distinct roles have been demonstrated for mitochondrial fission and fusion in different cancer contexts. Targeting of factors mediating mitochondrial dynamics may be directly related to impairment of oxidative phosphorylation, which is essential to sustain cancer cell growth and can also alter sensitivity to chemotherapeutic compounds. This area is still lacking a unified model, although further investigation will more comprehensively map the underlying molecular mechanisms to enable better rational therapeutic strategies based on these pathways.

人们早就认识到,癌细胞严重依赖于代谢的重编程模式,这种模式可以实现稳健和异常高水平的细胞增殖。由于线粒体形成了细胞代谢活动的中枢,因此有理由提出,这些细胞器内的途径可以形成靶标,这些靶标可以被操纵以损害癌细胞引起疾病的能力。然而,线粒体是高度多功能的,并且完整的机制相互联系仍在被揭示,以实现靶向线粒体在癌症治疗中的全部潜力。在这里,我们的目的是强调调节线粒体动力学的潜力,以针对癌细胞中的关键代谢或凋亡途径。线粒体裂变和融合在不同的癌症环境中发挥着不同的作用。靶向介导线粒体动力学的因子可能与氧化磷酸化的损伤直接相关,氧化磷酸化是维持癌细胞生长所必需的,也可以改变对化疗药物的敏感性。这一领域仍然缺乏一个统一的模型,尽管进一步的研究将更全面地绘制潜在的分子机制,以基于这些途径实现更好的合理治疗策略。
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引用次数: 1
Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA alterations in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas, and their potential treatment. 嗜铬细胞瘤和副神经节瘤的核和线粒体DNA改变及其潜在的治疗。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q2 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1530/ERC-22-0217
Mouna Tabebi, Peter Söderkvist, Oliver Gimm

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations have been reported in different types of cancers and are suggested to play important roles in cancer development and metastasis. However, there is little information about its involvement in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PCCs/PGLs) formation. PCCs and PGLs are rare endocrine tumors of the chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla and extra-adrenal paraganglia that can synthesize and secrete catecholamines. Over the last 3 decades, the genetic background of about 60% of PCCs/PGLs involving nuclear DNA alterations has been determined. Recently, a study showed that mitochondrial alterations can be found in around 17% of the remaining PCCs/PGLs. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge regarding both nuclear and mitochondrial alterations and their involvement in PCCs/PGLs. We also provide brief insights into the genetics and the molecular pathways associated with PCCs/PGLs and potential therapeutical targets.

线粒体DNA (mtDNA)的改变已在不同类型的癌症中被报道,并被认为在癌症的发生和转移中起重要作用。然而,关于其参与嗜铬细胞瘤和副神经节瘤(PCCs/PGLs)形成的信息很少。PCCs和pgl是肾上腺髓质和肾上腺外副神经节染色质细胞合成和分泌儿茶酚胺的罕见内分泌肿瘤。在过去的30年里,大约60%涉及核DNA改变的PCCs/ pgl的遗传背景已经确定。最近,一项研究表明,在剩余的PCCs/ pgl中,可以发现大约17%的线粒体改变。在这篇综述中,我们总结了最近关于核和线粒体改变及其在PCCs/ pgl中的作用的知识。我们还提供了与PCCs/ pgl和潜在治疗靶点相关的遗传学和分子途径的简要见解。
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引用次数: 1
Trabectedin impairs invasiveness and metastasis in adrenocortical carcinoma preclinical models. 曲贝替丁损害肾上腺皮质癌临床前模型的侵袭性和转移性。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q2 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2022-12-22 Print Date: 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1530/ERC-22-0273
Andrea Abate, Mariangela Tamburello, Elisa Rossini, Ram Manohar Basnet, Giovanni Ribaudo, Alessandra Gianoncelli, Constanze Hantel, Deborah Cosentini, Marta Laganà, Salvatore Grisanti, Guido Alberto Massimo Tiberio, Maurizio Memo, Alfredo Berruti, Sandra Sigala

The pharmacological approach to adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is based on mitotane with/without etoposide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin, according to the disease stage. Considering the limited efficacy and toxicity of this treatment, new strategies are required. Trabectedin is a marine-derivated antitumoral agent that inhibits oncogenic transcription. We have already demonstrated trabectedin cytotoxic activity at sub-nanomolar concentrations in ACC cells. Here, we expanded the investigation of trabectedin effect on ACC preclinical models, evaluating whether trabectedin could affect ACC cells' invasiveness and metastasis formation. NCI-H295R, MUC-1, and TVBF-7 cell lines were used. Cell tumor xenografts in Danio rerio embryos were performed. The tumor mass areas and the number of embryos with metastasis were evaluated. The in vitro invasiveness of cells was evaluated. Effects of trabectedin of MMP2, TIMP1, and TIMP2 were evaluated at gene level qRT-PCR. MMP2 secreted in the cell medium was evaluated by Western blot and by zymography. Xenograft experiments demonstrated that trabectedin significantly reduced the tumor area in each ACC cell model and metastasis formation in embryos injected with metastasis-derived cell lines. Trabectedin treatment reduced the invasiveness of ACC cells across the matrix, which was greater at baseline for the metastatic models. In metastatic cell models, protein analysis demonstrated a reduction of MMP2 secretion and activity in the culture medium after treatment. Our results indicate that trabectedin interferes with invasiveness and metastasis processes, both dramatic features of ACC. Furthermore, these results support those previously published in providing the rationale for a clinical evaluation of the efficacy of trabectedin in ACC patients.

根据疾病分期,治疗肾上腺皮质癌(ACC)的药理学方法是基于米托坦加/不加依托泊苷、阿霉素和顺铂。考虑到这种治疗的疗效和毒性有限,需要采取新的策略。Trabectedin是一种海洋衍生的抗肿瘤药物,可抑制致癌转录。我们已经在ACC细胞中证明了在亚纳摩尔浓度下trabectedin的细胞毒性活性。在这里,我们扩大了对曲贝他丁对ACC临床前模型的影响的研究,评估曲贝他丁是否会影响ACC细胞的侵袭性和转移形成。使用NCI-H295R、MUC-1和TVBF-7细胞系。在斑蝥胚胎中进行了细胞肿瘤异种移植物移植。评估肿瘤肿块面积和有转移的胚胎数量。对细胞的体外侵袭性进行了评价。在基因水平qRT-PCR上评估MMP2、TIMP1和TIMP2的曲贝肽的作用。通过蛋白质印迹和酶谱法评估细胞培养基中分泌的MMP2。异种移植实验表明,曲贝替丁显著减少了每个ACC细胞模型中的肿瘤面积,并减少了注射转移衍生细胞系的胚胎中的转移形成。Trabectedin治疗降低了ACC细胞对基质的侵袭性,这在转移模型的基线时更大。在转移细胞模型中,蛋白质分析显示治疗后培养基中MMP2分泌和活性降低。我们的研究结果表明,曲贝替丁干扰ACC的侵袭性和转移过程,这两个特征都是显著的。此外,这些结果支持了先前发表的为临床评估曲贝替丁对ACC患者的疗效提供的理论基础。
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引用次数: 2
Nonmalignant AR-positive prostate epithelial cells and cancer cells respond differently to androgen. 非恶性ar阳性前列腺上皮细胞和癌细胞对雄激素的反应不同。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q2 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2022-11-07 Print Date: 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1530/ERC-22-0108
Konsta Kukkonen, Bryn Autio-Kimura, Hanna Rauhala, Juha Kesseli, Matti Nykter, Leena Latonen, Tapio Visakorpi

Prostate cancer research suffers from the lack of suitable models to study the role of normal cells in prostate carcinogenesis. To address this challenge, we developed a cell line model mimicking luminal prostate epithelial cells by modifying the immortalized prostate epithelial cell line RWPE-1 to constitutively express the androgen receptor (AR). RWPE-1-AR cells express known AR target genes, and exhibit coexpression of luminal and basal markers characteristic of transient amplifying cells, and an RNA signature resembling prostate luminal progenitor cells. Under unstimulated conditions, constitutive AR expression does not have a biologically significant effect on the proliferation of RWPE-1 cells, but when stimulated by androgens, growth is retarded. The transcriptional response of RWPE-1-AR cells to androgen stimulation involves suppression of the growth-related KRAS pathway and is thus markedly different from that of the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP and its derivative AR-overexpressing LNCaP-ARhi cells, in which growth- and cancer-related pathways are upregulated. Hence, the nonmalignant AR-positive RWPE-1-AR cell line model could be used to study the transformation of the prostate epithelium.

前列腺癌症研究缺乏合适的模型来研究正常细胞在前列腺癌发生中的作用。为了应对这一挑战,我们开发了一种模拟管腔前列腺上皮细胞的细胞系模型,通过修饰永生化前列腺上皮细胞系RWPE-1来组成性表达雄激素受体(AR)。RWPE-1-AR细胞表达已知的AR靶基因,并表现出瞬时扩增细胞特有的管腔和基础标记物的共表达,以及类似前列腺管腔祖细胞的RNA特征。在未刺激的条件下,组成型AR表达对RWPE-1细胞的增殖没有生物学上显著的影响,但当受到雄激素刺激时,生长会减慢。RWPE-1-AR细胞对雄激素刺激的转录反应涉及生长相关KRAS途径的抑制,因此与前列腺癌症细胞系LNCaP及其衍生物AR过表达LNCaP-ARhi细胞的转录反应显著不同,其中生长和癌症相关途径上调。因此,非恶性AR阳性RWPE-1-AR细胞系模型可用于研究前列腺上皮的转化。
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引用次数: 0
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Endocrine-related cancer
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