With increased regulatory focus on eroded sediment and its bound pollutants, methods are needed to predict areas with high erosive potential (EP) in urbanized areas. Using EP to prioritize urban areas for maintenance, implementation of Stormwater Control Measures (SCMs), stream restoration or monitoring is crucial. This study utilizes commonly available geospatial layers in conjunction with a computational procedure for prioritizing the contribution of site specific- and transport-erosion to compute relative EP risk throughout a target urban watershed. Factors that contribute to erosion were evaluated: local cell slope, soil erodibility, land cover, runoff volume, distance and slope to nearest stormwater conveyance point along a surface flow travel path. A case study of the developed methodology was performed on a 1.6 square kilometer urban watershed in Blacksburg, VA, to generate EP risk maps. Results of the study indicate areas of erosive potential within the target watershed and provide a methodology for creating erosion potential risk maps for use by MS4 planners, engineers and other individuals that manage erosion control programs.
{"title":"Urban Erosion Potential Risk Mapping with GIS","authors":"Amanda Maria Weikmann","doi":"10.5539/ENRR.V10N1P28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ENRR.V10N1P28","url":null,"abstract":"With increased regulatory focus on eroded sediment and its bound pollutants, methods are needed to predict areas with high erosive potential (EP) in urbanized areas. Using EP to prioritize urban areas for maintenance, implementation of Stormwater Control Measures (SCMs), stream restoration or monitoring is crucial. This study utilizes commonly available geospatial layers in conjunction with a computational procedure for prioritizing the contribution of site specific- and transport-erosion to compute relative EP risk throughout a target urban watershed. Factors that contribute to erosion were evaluated: local cell slope, soil erodibility, land cover, runoff volume, distance and slope to nearest stormwater conveyance point along a surface flow travel path. A case study of the developed methodology was performed on a 1.6 square kilometer urban watershed in Blacksburg, VA, to generate EP risk maps. Results of the study indicate areas of erosive potential within the target watershed and provide a methodology for creating erosion potential risk maps for use by MS4 planners, engineers and other individuals that manage erosion control programs.","PeriodicalId":11699,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81466054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ozone is a by-product of arc welding on aluminum alloys and stainless steels. Assessment of exposure is difficult because emissions are short in duration and large in magnitude compared to background levels, and generally occur unpredictably during work activity. The welding environment is particularly harsh. This study applied a systematic process to identify technologies and sampling devices available in the marketplace and to select suitable candidates and reject unsuitable ones. Candidates suitable for study included colorimetric detector tubes, an Ultra-Violet (UV) air pollution analyzer, and person-portable instruments, one containing a heated semi-conductor sensor and the other an electrochemical sensor. These devices were exposed to welding plumes contained in a pre-conditioned plastic bag and to unconfined plumes during production welding (Gas Metal Arc Welding [GMAW] commonly known as Metal Inert Gas [MIG welding]) on aluminum alloys. Nitrogen dioxide is an interferent in the assessment of ozone exposure by almost all technologies. Particulates and unreacted metal atoms in the plume further complicate measurement of ozone. None of the measurement technologies overwhelmed the others in this application. The harshness of the welding environment eliminated several candidates. Colorimetric detector tubes provided the best compromise between performance and safety in proof-of-concept testing on welders.
{"title":"Assessment, Selection and Demonstration of Technologies and Equipment for Measuring Welder Exposure to Ozone during GMAW (MIG Welding) on Aluminum Alloys","authors":"T. McManus, A. Haddad","doi":"10.5539/enrr.v10n1p14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v10n1p14","url":null,"abstract":"Ozone is a by-product of arc welding on aluminum alloys and stainless steels. Assessment of exposure is difficult because emissions are short in duration and large in magnitude compared to background levels, and generally occur unpredictably during work activity. The welding environment is particularly harsh. This study applied a systematic process to identify technologies and sampling devices available in the marketplace and to select suitable candidates and reject unsuitable ones. Candidates suitable for study included colorimetric detector tubes, an Ultra-Violet (UV) air pollution analyzer, and person-portable instruments, one containing a heated semi-conductor sensor and the other an electrochemical sensor. These devices were exposed to welding plumes contained in a pre-conditioned plastic bag and to unconfined plumes during production welding (Gas Metal Arc Welding [GMAW] commonly known as Metal Inert Gas [MIG welding]) on aluminum alloys. Nitrogen dioxide is an interferent in the assessment of ozone exposure by almost all technologies. Particulates and unreacted metal atoms in the plume further complicate measurement of ozone. None of the measurement technologies overwhelmed the others in this application. The harshness of the welding environment eliminated several candidates. Colorimetric detector tubes provided the best compromise between performance and safety in proof-of-concept testing on welders.","PeriodicalId":11699,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89186811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Disasters are unpredictable. However, occurrences follow a specific time sequence. Disaster management encompasses routine disaster reduction, pre-disaster preparation, mid-disaster response, post-disaster recovery, time management and allocating routine tasks over an extended period, and emergency response during highly stressful periods. Various response organizations rely on effective “integrated disaster management” to react to situations at different periods in time. In addition to making personnel and organization adjustments at different times, integration also requires systems for effective and fast communication and for providing first-hand supporting information to responders for data, manpower, organization, and resource integration. Based on design science theory, disaster decision support systems integrate internal and external data through (1) confirming problems and motivations, (2) defining solution objectives, (3) designing and developing a solution, (4) presenting the solution, (5) evaluating the solution, and (6) communicating protocols, and then consolidating the data into graphical or visual platforms and systems. These systems not only contain disaster prevention information, provide pre-disaster emergency response warnings, allocate supporting resources for mid-disaster response, evaluate the scale of disasters, and formulate response plans, but also simulate various disaster situations and scenarios during disaster-free periods for training and education purposes.
{"title":"A Multi-Function Disaster Decision Support System Based on Multi-Source Dynamic Data","authors":"Wen-Ching Wang","doi":"10.5539/enrr.v10n1p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v10n1p1","url":null,"abstract":"Disasters are unpredictable. However, occurrences follow a specific time sequence. Disaster management encompasses routine disaster reduction, pre-disaster preparation, mid-disaster response, post-disaster recovery, time management and allocating routine tasks over an extended period, and emergency response during highly stressful periods. Various response organizations rely on effective “integrated disaster management” to react to situations at different periods in time. In addition to making personnel and organization adjustments at different times, integration also requires systems for effective and fast communication and for providing first-hand supporting information to responders for data, manpower, organization, and resource integration. Based on design science theory, disaster decision support systems integrate internal and external data through (1) confirming problems and motivations, (2) defining solution objectives, (3) designing and developing a solution, (4) presenting the solution, (5) evaluating the solution, and (6) communicating protocols, and then consolidating the data into graphical or visual platforms and systems. These systems not only contain disaster prevention information, provide pre-disaster emergency response warnings, allocate supporting resources for mid-disaster response, evaluate the scale of disasters, and formulate response plans, but also simulate various disaster situations and scenarios during disaster-free periods for training and education purposes.","PeriodicalId":11699,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80861428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After presenting a brief history of the discovery of this system of cultivation of plant tissues and cells, of the evolution in time of knowledge in this field, of the pathways of in vitro morphogenesis in plants, the paper focuses on in vitro callogenesis in plants. There are presented the types of callus that can be generated via in vitro culture (illustrated with aspects from the author's experience), the influence of factors related to the biological nature of the explants, the composition of the nutrient medium, the cultivation conditions, etc., upon some characteristics of the callus obtained. A special chapter is dedicated to the importance of in vitro cultures of callus in plants.
{"title":"A Journey into of the Universe of in vitro Cultures of Plants. Callogenesis","authors":"G. Ghiorghita","doi":"10.5539/enrr.v9n4p45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v9n4p45","url":null,"abstract":"After presenting a brief history of the discovery of this system of cultivation of plant tissues and cells, of the evolution in time of knowledge in this field, of the pathways of in vitro morphogenesis in plants, the paper focuses on in vitro callogenesis in plants. There are presented the types of callus that can be generated via in vitro culture (illustrated with aspects from the author's experience), the influence of factors related to the biological nature of the explants, the composition of the nutrient medium, the cultivation conditions, etc., upon some characteristics of the callus obtained. A special chapter is dedicated to the importance of in vitro cultures of callus in plants.","PeriodicalId":11699,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90931425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The editorial board announced this article has been retracted on December 6, 2019. If you have any further question, please contact us at: enrr@ccsenet.org
{"title":"Local People’s Perceptions about Land Use Land Cover Change (LULCC) in Namibia: A Case of Kavango East and West Regions for Sustainable Human Wellbeing","authors":"P. Haindongo, A. M. Kalumba, I. Orimoloye","doi":"10.5539/enrr.v9n4p61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v9n4p61","url":null,"abstract":"The editorial board announced this article has been retracted on December 6, 2019. \u0000\u0000If you have any further question, please contact us at: enrr@ccsenet.org","PeriodicalId":11699,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Research","volume":"94 1","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79169343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marilia M. F. de Oliveira, N. Ebecken, J. L. F. D. Oliveira, José Castro
Spectroscopic methods have played an important role in the study of chemical and physical processes related to the composition of the atmosphere and the differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) has been one of the most powerful methods to measure a wide range of trace gases. The pollutants are identified by their respective ranges of wavelengths that must be previously known. A Passive Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy system that uses the ultraviolet region from 400 to 480 nm of the solar radiation is presented. In this research diurnal variation of NO2 was remotely measured by means of MAX-DOAS system which uses multiple viewing angles to monitor pollutant concentrations in urban area at the city of Rio de Janeiro. The instrument was placed on the roof of a building oriented to the center of the city. Tropospheric NO2 amounts are retrieved from the measured spectra using the DOAS technique. In this paper we give a general description of the procedure and present the results from measurements during four days in winter 2017 associated with the prevailing meteorological aspects. These days were characterized by mostly sunny and dry conditions, no convection, periods of medium clouds and clear sky. The tropospheric NO2 slant column densities values are presented and the results are consistent for all three used elevation angles (5º, 10º, and 15º). The results demonstrate the capability and the potential of the MAX-DOAS technique to derive information on spatial distribution of NO2 in an urban environment.
{"title":"Tropospheric NO2 Monitoring Using the Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy in Urban Area","authors":"Marilia M. F. de Oliveira, N. Ebecken, J. L. F. D. Oliveira, José Castro","doi":"10.5539/enrr.v9n4p9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v9n4p9","url":null,"abstract":"Spectroscopic methods have played an important role in the study of chemical and physical processes related to the composition of the atmosphere and the differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) has been one of the most powerful methods to measure a wide range of trace gases. The pollutants are identified by their respective ranges of wavelengths that must be previously known. A Passive Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy system that uses the ultraviolet region from 400 to 480 nm of the solar radiation is presented. In this research diurnal variation of NO2 was remotely measured by means of MAX-DOAS system which uses multiple viewing angles to monitor pollutant concentrations in urban area at the city of Rio de Janeiro. The instrument was placed on the roof of a building oriented to the center of the city. Tropospheric NO2 amounts are retrieved from the measured spectra using the DOAS technique. In this paper we give a general description of the procedure and present the results from measurements during four days in winter 2017 associated with the prevailing meteorological aspects. These days were characterized by mostly sunny and dry conditions, no convection, periods of medium clouds and clear sky. The tropospheric NO2 slant column densities values are presented and the results are consistent for all three used elevation angles (5º, 10º, and 15º). The results demonstrate the capability and the potential of the MAX-DOAS technique to derive information on spatial distribution of NO2 in an urban environment.","PeriodicalId":11699,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83421936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Viet Hai is a commune in Cat Hai district, Hai Phong City. The commune is located in the East of Cat Ba island which is the third largest island in Vietnam. Nhon Chau is also an island commune which is located in Quy Nhon city, Binh Dinh province. Nam Du commune is one of four island communes of Kien Hai district, Kien Giang province, and located at 120 kilometers away from the Rach Gia city. The results showed that the averaged values of nutrients absorbed by Rhodomelaceae Laurencia Papillosa in 12 hours were 1.39µg/l/day (N-NO2-); 11.74µg/l/day (N-NO3-); 24.08µg/l/day (N-NH4+); and 7.83µg/l/day (P-PO43-) in Viet Hai commune. In Nhon Chau island commune, the averaged values of nutrients absorbed in 12 hours were 1.25µg/l/day (N-NO2-); 7.44µg/l/day (N-NO3-); 11.81µg/l/day (N-NH4+); 23.53µg/l/day (P-PO43-), respectively. In Nam Du island commune, the nutrients absorbed in 12 hours reached the values of 23.4µg/l/day (N-NO2-); 15.3µg/l/day (N-NO3-); 101.65µg/l/day (N-NH4+); 30.32µg/l/day (P-PO43-), respectively. The average values of carbon absorbed by seaweed biomass in Viet Hai, Nhon Chau, and Nam Du communes were 30.27mgC/m2/h, 31.31mgC/m2/h, 33.00mgC/m2/h, respectively.
越海是海防市吉海区的一个公社。该公社位于越南第三大岛吉霸岛的东部。Nhon Chau也是一个岛屿公社，位于平定省Quy Nhon市。Nam Du公社是Kien jiang省Kien Hai区的四个岛屿公社之一，距离Rach Gia市120公里。结果表明:红杜鹃科Laurencia Papillosa在12 h内吸收的营养物质平均值为1.39µg/l/day (N-NO2-);11.74µg / l /天(N-NO3);24.08µg / l /天(N-NH4 +);越海公社的P-PO43-含量为7.83µg/l/day。在仁洲岛公社，12小时内的营养吸收平均值为1.25µg/l/d (N-NO2-);7.44µg / l /天(N-NO3);11.81µg / l /天(N-NH4 +);23.53µg/l/day (P-PO43-)。在南杜岛公社，12小时内的养分吸收量达到23.4µg/l/day (N-NO2-);15.3µg / l /天(N-NO3);101.65µg / l /天(N-NH4 +);30.32µg/l/day (P-PO43-)。越海、Nhon Chau和Nam Du公社海藻生物量吸收碳的平均值分别为30.27mgC/m2/h、31.31mgC/m2/h和33.00mgC/m2/h。
{"title":"The First Steps in Examining of Carbon Absorption and Nutrient Salt Filtering Capability of Rhodomelaceae Laurencia Papillosa Seaweed over Some Typical Island Communes in Vietnam Coastal Area","authors":"L. X. Sinh, T. V. Phuong, L. V. Nam","doi":"10.5539/enrr.v9n4p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v9n4p1","url":null,"abstract":"Viet Hai is a commune in Cat Hai district, Hai Phong City. The commune is located in the East of Cat Ba island which is the third largest island in Vietnam. Nhon Chau is also an island commune which is located in Quy Nhon city, Binh Dinh province. Nam Du commune is one of four island communes of Kien Hai district, Kien Giang province, and located at 120 kilometers away from the Rach Gia city. The results showed that the averaged values of nutrients absorbed by Rhodomelaceae Laurencia Papillosa in 12 hours were 1.39µg/l/day (N-NO2-); 11.74µg/l/day (N-NO3-); 24.08µg/l/day (N-NH4+); and 7.83µg/l/day (P-PO43-) in Viet Hai commune. In Nhon Chau island commune, the averaged values of nutrients absorbed in 12 hours were 1.25µg/l/day (N-NO2-); 7.44µg/l/day (N-NO3-); 11.81µg/l/day (N-NH4+); 23.53µg/l/day (P-PO43-), respectively. In Nam Du island commune, the nutrients absorbed in 12 hours reached the values of 23.4µg/l/day (N-NO2-); 15.3µg/l/day (N-NO3-); 101.65µg/l/day (N-NH4+); 30.32µg/l/day (P-PO43-), respectively. The average values of carbon absorbed by seaweed biomass in Viet Hai, Nhon Chau, and Nam Du communes were 30.27mgC/m2/h, 31.31mgC/m2/h, 33.00mgC/m2/h, respectively.","PeriodicalId":11699,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Research","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80461859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agbor James Ayamba, Nkwatoh Athanasius Fuashi, A. Orock
Tree composition and ecological structure were assessed in Akak forest area with the objective of assessing the floristic composition and the regeneration potentials. The study was carried out between April 2018 to February 2019. A total of 49 logged stumps were selected within the Akak forest spanning a period of 5 years and 20m x 20m transects were demarcated. All plants species <1cm and above were identified and recorded. Results revealed that a total of 5239 individuals from 71 families, 216 genera and 384species were identified in the study area. The maximum plants species was recorded in the year 2015 (376 species). The maximum number of species and regeneration potentials was found in the family Fabaceae, (99 species) and (31) respectively. Baphia nitida, Musanga cecropioides and Angylocalyx pynaertii were the most dominant plants specie in the years 2013, 2015 and 2017 respectively. The year 2017 depicts the highest Simpson diversity with value of (0.989) while the year 2015 show the highest Simpson dominance with value of (0.013). The year 2013 show a highest Shannon evenness with value of (0.4879). Logged compartment 2015 has a highest fisher alpha with value of 137.7 depicting highest specie richness The Shortest Euclidean distance of 123.44 between year 2013 and 2017 show that they both have many plants species that are similar. Evidently the forest area is very rich in trees in the lower diameter classes, and the structure of the Akak forest area is J reverse indicating that the forest is growing to climax.
{"title":"Tree Composition and Ecological Structure of Akak Forest Area","authors":"Agbor James Ayamba, Nkwatoh Athanasius Fuashi, A. Orock","doi":"10.5539/enrr.v9n4p23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v9n4p23","url":null,"abstract":"Tree composition and ecological structure were assessed in Akak forest area with the objective of assessing the floristic composition and the regeneration potentials. The study was carried out between April 2018 to February 2019. A total of 49 logged stumps were selected within the Akak forest spanning a period of 5 years and 20m x 20m transects were demarcated. All plants species <1cm and above were identified and recorded. Results revealed that a total of 5239 individuals from 71 families, 216 genera and 384species were identified in the study area. The maximum plants species was recorded in the year 2015 (376 species). The maximum number of species and regeneration potentials was found in the family Fabaceae, (99 species) and (31) respectively. Baphia nitida, Musanga cecropioides and Angylocalyx pynaertii were the most dominant plants specie in the years 2013, 2015 and 2017 respectively. The year 2017 depicts the highest Simpson diversity with value of (0.989) while the year 2015 show the highest Simpson dominance with value of (0.013). The year 2013 show a highest Shannon evenness with value of (0.4879). Logged compartment 2015 has a highest fisher alpha with value of 137.7 depicting highest specie richness The Shortest Euclidean distance of 123.44 between year 2013 and 2017 show that they both have many plants species that are similar. Evidently the forest area is very rich in trees in the lower diameter classes, \u0000 \u0000and the structure of the Akak forest area is J reverse indicating that the forest is growing to climax.","PeriodicalId":11699,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Research","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79810317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paul Essandoh, E. A. Ampofo, D. Okae-Anti, I. Bryant
The impacts of small-scale mining on the vegetal cover as well the livelihoods of communities in mined areas in developing countries such as Ghana are far-reaching. This study assessed the impacts of small-scale mining on flora of conservation and economic significance through quantification of species richness, and species diversity. Mined and unmined sites were chosen in the Dunkwa East Municipality of Ghana. Five belt transects each (200m × 200m) were constructed in both sites. Each belt transect was divided into 100 quadrats (20m × 20m) and plant species in each of the quadrat were identified in the field and or the herbarium of the School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast. One hundred and fifty seven species distributed in 140 genera and 54 families were identified in the mined area whilst the 209 species identified in the unmined area were in 185 genera and 73 families. Plant families Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae and Asteraceae were more diverse whilst Asteraceae, Poaceae and Euphorbiaceae were dominant in the unmined area. In the mined area, however, Poaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Asteraceae were more diverse. Pteridium aquilinum, Tridax procumbens and Waltheria indica in the unmined area and Chromolaena odorata, Sporobolus pyramidalis and Euphorbia hirta in the mined area were the dominant species. Small-scale miming activities have caused reduction in species diversity, richness and economic and commercial values in the area. Higher disturbance of the flora has resulted in more secondary species in the mined area. Restoration is required in the study area.
{"title":"Comparison of Flora of Small-Scale Mined and Unmined-Sites in Dunkwa-East Municipality, Ghana","authors":"Paul Essandoh, E. A. Ampofo, D. Okae-Anti, I. Bryant","doi":"10.5539/enrr.v9n3p86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v9n3p86","url":null,"abstract":"The impacts of small-scale mining on the vegetal cover as well the livelihoods of communities in mined areas in developing countries such as Ghana are far-reaching. This study assessed the impacts of small-scale mining on flora of conservation and economic significance through quantification of species richness, and species diversity. Mined and unmined sites were chosen in the Dunkwa East Municipality of Ghana. Five belt transects each (200m × 200m) were constructed in both sites. Each belt transect was divided into 100 quadrats (20m × 20m) and plant species in each of the quadrat were identified in the field and or the herbarium of the School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast. One hundred and fifty seven species distributed in 140 genera and 54 families were identified in the mined area whilst the 209 species identified in the unmined area were in 185 genera and 73 families. Plant families Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae and Asteraceae were more diverse whilst Asteraceae, Poaceae and Euphorbiaceae were dominant in the unmined area. In the mined area, however, Poaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Asteraceae were more diverse. Pteridium aquilinum, Tridax procumbens and Waltheria indica in the unmined area and Chromolaena odorata, Sporobolus pyramidalis and Euphorbia hirta in the mined area were the dominant species. Small-scale miming activities have caused reduction in species diversity, richness and economic and commercial values in the area. Higher disturbance of the flora has resulted in more secondary species in the mined area. Restoration is required in the study area.","PeriodicalId":11699,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Research","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80790451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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