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Effects of speech duration and voice volume on the respiratory aerosol particle concentration.
IF 4 3区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.24-00251
Tomoki Takano, Yiming Xiang, Masayuki Ogata, Yoshihide Yamamoto, Satoshi Hori, Shin-Ichi Tanabe

Background: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is transmitted via infectious respiratory particles. Infectious respiratory particles are released when an infected person breathes, coughs, or speaks. Several studies have measured respiratory particle concentrations through focusing on activities such as breathing, coughing, and short speech. However, few studies have investigated the effect of speech duration.

Methods: This study aimed to clarify the effects of speech duration and volume on the respiratory particle concentration. Study participants were requested to speak at three voice volumes across five speech durations, generating 15 speech patterns. Participants spoke inside a clean booth where particle concentrations and voice volumes were measured and analyzed during speech.

Results: Our findings suggest that as speech duration increased, the aerosol number concentration also increased. Through focusing on individual differences, we considered there might be super-emitters who emit more aerosol particles than the average human. Two participants were identified as statistical outliers (aerosol number concentration, n = 1; mass concentration, n = 1).

Conclusions: Considering speech duration may improve our understanding of respiratory particle concentration dynamics. Two participants were identified as potential super-emitters.

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引用次数: 0
Characteristics and outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest among students under school supervision in Japan: a descriptive epidemiological study (2008-2021). 日本在学校监督下的学生院外心脏骤停的特点和结果:一项描述性流行病学研究(2008-2021)。
IF 4 3区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.24-00319
Kosuke Kiyohara, Mamoru Ayusawa, Masahiko Nitta, Takeichiro Sudo, Taku Iwami, Ken Nakata, Yuri Kitamura, Tetsuhisa Kitamura

Background: A comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology of pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) occurring under school supervision is lacking. We aimed to comprehensively describe the characteristics and outcomes of OHCA among students in elementary schools, junior high schools, high schools, and technical colleges in Japan.

Methods: OHCA data from 2008-2021 were obtained from the SPIRITS study, which provides a nationwide database of OHCAs occurring under school supervision across Japan. We included cases in which resuscitation was attempted by emergency medical service personnel or bystanders. The cases were classified into three groups based on their etiology: cardiac, non-cardiac, and traumatic origin. The primary outcome was one-month survival with favorable neurological outcomes, defined as a Glasgow-Pittsburgh cerebral performance category of 1 or 2. The demographic characteristics, event details, and outcomes were compared across the three groups by using χ2 tests for categorical variables and one-way analyses of variance for continuous variables.

Results: During the 14-year study period, 602 OHCA cases were confirmed, with 430 (71.4%) classified as cardiac, 91 (15.1%) as non-cardiac, and 81 (13.5%) as traumatic origin. Non-cardiac and traumatic cases were less likely to be witnessed at the time of arrest (46.2% and 42.0%, respectively) than cardiac cases (82.6%; p < 0.001). Initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation by bystanders was less common in non-cardiac and traumatic cases (62.6% and 42.0%, respectively) than that in cardiac cases (82.8%; p < 0.001). The delivery of defibrillation using public-access automated external defibrillators was also significantly less frequent in non-cardiac (3.3%) and traumatic cases (6.2%) than that in cardiac cases (59.8%; p < 0.001). Ventricular fibrillation (VF) as the first documented rhythm was observed in 77.9% of cardiac cases but was much less common in non-cardiac (5.5%) and traumatic cases (8.6%; p < 0.001). One-month survival with favorable neurological outcomes was significantly lower in non-cardiac (6.6%) and traumatic cases (0%) than that in cardiac cases (50.2%; p < 0.001).

Conclusions: OHCAs of cardiac origin were more frequently associated with VF and had relatively good prognoses. In contrast, OHCAs of non-cardiac and traumatic origins consistently resulted in poor outcomes, highlighting the critical importance of prevention strategies to reduce the occurrence of these incidents.

背景:目前对在学校监护下发生的儿科院外心脏骤停(OHCA)的流行病学缺乏全面的了解。我们的目的是全面描述日本小学、初中、高中和技术学院学生的OHCA特征和结果。方法:从SPIRITS研究中获得2008-2021年的OHCA数据,该研究提供了日本各地学校监督下发生的OHCA的全国性数据库。我们纳入了由紧急医疗服务人员或旁观者尝试复苏的病例。病例根据病因分为三组:心脏、非心脏和创伤。主要结局是一个月的生存,神经系统预后良好,定义为格拉斯哥-匹兹堡脑功能分类为1或2。通过分类变量的χ2检验和连续变量的单向方差分析,比较三组的人口统计学特征、事件细节和结果。结果:在14年的研究期间,共确诊602例OHCA,其中心源性430例(71.4%),非心源性91例(15.1%),外伤性81例(13.5%)。非心脏和创伤性病例在骤停时的目击率(分别为46.2%和42.0%)低于心脏病例(82.6%;P < 0.001)。旁观者启动心肺复苏在非心脏和创伤病例中(分别为62.6%和42.0%)比在心脏病例中(82.8%;P < 0.001)。在非心脏病例(3.3%)和创伤病例(6.2%)中,使用公共通道自动体外除颤器进行除颤的频率也明显低于心脏病例(59.8%;P < 0.001)。77.9%的心脏病例观察到心室颤动(VF)作为第一个记录的心律,但在非心脏病例(5.5%)和创伤病例(8.6%;P < 0.001)。神经系统预后良好的1个月生存率在非心脏病例(6.6%)和创伤病例(0%)中显著低于心脏病例(50.2%);P < 0.001)。结论:心源性ohca更常与室性房颤相关,预后相对较好。相比之下,非心脏和创伤性起源的ohca一直导致不良结果,突出了预防策略的重要性,以减少这些事件的发生。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of fear of coronavirus disease 2019 on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder traits associated with depressive symptoms, functional impairment, and low self-esteem in university students: a cross-sectional study with mediation analysis. 对2019冠状病毒病的恐惧对大学生抑郁症状、功能障碍和低自尊相关的注意力缺陷/多动障碍特征的影响:一项具有中介分析的横断面研究
IF 4 3区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.24-00230
Tomoko Suzuki, Toshiyuki Ohtani, Michiko Nakazato, Ariuntuul Garidkhuu, Basilua Andre Muzembo, Shunya Ikeda

Background: High levels of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits are associated with various outcomes, including depressive symptoms, functional impairment, and low self-esteem. Additionally, individuals with high levels of ADHD traits are reported to be more adversely affected by fear of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The current study aimed to examine whether the association between ADHD traits and outcomes was partially mediated by fear of COVID-19 using mediation analysis.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of university students in medical-related faculties (n = 1,166). ADHD traits, fear of COVID-19, depressive symptoms, functional impairment, and self-esteem were assessed using the adult ADHD Self-Report Scale, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, K6 Scale, Sheehan Disability Scale, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, respectively. We used linear regression analysis and the Paramed command in Stata to analyze whether fear of COVID-19 mediated the association between ADHD traits and outcomes.

Results: ADHD traits were significantly associated with outcomes. Regarding the impact of fear of COVID-19, the results revealed a significant association between ADHD traits and fear of COVID-19, and between fear of COVID-19 and outcomes. The results of the mediation analyses showed that the association between ADHD traits and outcomes was partially mediated by the fear of COVID-19 (depressive symptoms: direct effect B = 1.029, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.878, 1.181, indirect effect B = 0.021, 95% CI 0.002, 0.040; functional impairment: direct effect B = 0.786, 95% CI 0.593, 0.979, indirect effect B = 0.033, 95% CI 0.005, 0.060; self-esteem: direct effect B = -1.052, 95% CI -1.226, -0.878, indirect effect B = -0.024, 95% CI -0.046, -0.002).

Conclusions: Developing preventive measures against the adverse impacts of pandemics like COVID-19 will be particularly important for individuals with high levels of ADHD traits in future.

背景:高水平的注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)特征与多种结果相关,包括抑郁症状、功能障碍和低自尊。此外,据报道,患有高水平ADHD特征的个体更容易受到对2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)的恐惧的不利影响。目前的研究旨在通过中介分析来检验ADHD特征和结果之间的关联是否部分由对COVID-19的恐惧介导。方法:以医学相关专业的大学生为样本(n = 1166)进行横断面研究。分别采用成人ADHD自我报告量表、COVID-19恐惧量表、K6量表、Sheehan残疾量表和Rosenberg自尊量表对ADHD特征、COVID-19恐惧、抑郁症状、功能障碍和自尊进行评估。我们使用线性回归分析和Stata中的Paramed命令来分析对COVID-19的恐惧是否介导了ADHD特征与结果之间的关联。结果:ADHD特征与预后显著相关。关于COVID-19恐惧的影响,结果显示ADHD特征与COVID-19恐惧之间以及对COVID-19恐惧与结果之间存在显着关联。中介分析结果显示,对COVID-19的恐惧部分介导了ADHD特征与结局之间的关联(抑郁症状:直接效应B = 1.029, 95%可信区间[CI] 0.878, 1.181,间接效应B = 0.021, 95% CI 0.002, 0.040;功能损害:直接效应B = 0.786, 95% CI 0.593, 0.979,间接效应B = 0.033, 95% CI 0.005, 0.060;自尊:直接效应B = -1.052, 95% CI -1.226, -0.878,间接效应B = -0.024, 95% CI -0.046, -0.002)。结论:针对COVID-19等流行病的不利影响,制定预防措施对未来高水平ADHD特征的个体尤为重要。
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引用次数: 0
Serum protein α-klotho mediates the association between lead, mercury, and kidney function in middle-aged and elderly populations.
IF 4 3区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.24-00296
Lin Jiang, Tingting Guo, Xin Zhong, Yini Cai, Wanyu Yang, Jun Zhang

Background: Heavy metals are significant risk factors for kidney function. Numerous studies have shown that exposure to heavy metals negatively correlates with kidney function through oxidative stress pathways, and serum α-klotho is linked to oxidative stress. However, the role of α-klotho in the relationship between blood lead, mercury, and kidney function remains unclear.

Method: This study evaluated the mediating role of alpha-klotho in the relationship between lead, mercury and renal function, using data from the 2007-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in U.S. adults aged 40-79. The sample included 11,032 participants, with blood lead, mercury, α-klotho, and other relevant covariates measured. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to assess blood lead and mercury levels, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to measure serum α-klotho. Kidney function was evaluated using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on creatinine levels. Multivariable linear regression was conducted to analyze the relationships between blood lead, mercury, α-klotho, and eGFR. A mediation analysis model was used to assess whether α-klotho influenced these associations.

Results: We observed a significant association between blood lead and eGFR. Mediation analysis revealed that α-klotho accounted for 12.76% of the relationship between serum lead and eGFR in the NHANES population. Subgroup analysis showed that α-klotho mediated 12.43%, 6.87%, 21.50% and 5.44% of the relationship between blood lead and eGFR in women, middle-aged adults (40-59 years old), without cardiovascular disease and hypertension, respectively. However, α-klotho did not mediate the relationship between blood mercury and eGFR in terms of gender or age. This newly identified pathway may provide valuable insights for the prevention and treatment mechanisms related to kidney function impairment.

Conclusion: We found that blood lead was associated with renal function. According to the results of subgroup analysis, for blood lead, serum α-klotho mediated the association in females, middle aged 60-79 years. The relationship between blood mercury and renal function was not clinically significant, and serum α-Klotho mediated the relationship between blood mercury and renal function without significant clinical significance.

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引用次数: 0
Comparison of the inward leakage rate between N95 filtering facepiece respirators and modified surgical masks during the COVID-19 pandemic. 在 COVID-19 大流行期间,比较 N95 过滤面罩呼吸器和改良外科口罩的向内泄漏率。
IF 4.7 3区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.23-00303
Kazunari Onishi, Masanori Nojima

Background: Owing to shortage of surgical and N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) during the COVID-2019 pandemic, various masks were developed to prevent infection. This study aimed to examine the inward leakage rate (ILR) of sealed face masks and modified surgical masks using a quantitative fit test and compared it with the ILR of unmodified N95 FFRs.

Methods: We conducted paired comparisons of ILRs of bent nose-fit wire masks, double masks, and N95 FFRs from October to December 2021. To measure the protective effectiveness of masks, participants wore masks, and the number of particles outside and inside the mask were measured. The ILR was based on the percentage of particles entering the mask using a fit tester.

Results: We enrolled 54 participants (20 men and 34 women) in this study. The median ILR for surgical masks without and with a W-shaped bend in the nose-fit wire were 96.44% and 50.82%, respectively. The nose-fit wire adjustment reduced the ILR of surgical masks by a mean of 28.57%, which was significantly lower than the ILR without adjustment (P < 0.001). For double masks, with surgical or polyurethane masks on top of the W-shaped mask, the ILR did not differ significantly from that of N95. Although the filtration performance of double surgical masks matched that of N95 masks, their ILR was notably higher, indicating that double masks do not provide equivalent protection.

Conclusions: Wearing N95 masks alone is effective in many cases. However, surgical mask modifications do not guarantee consistent effectiveness. Properly selected, sealed masks with a good fit overcome leakage, emphasizing their crucial role. Without evidence, mask-wearing may lead to unexpected infections. Education based on quantitative data is crucial for preventing adverse outcomes.

背景:在 COVID-2019 大流行期间,由于外科口罩和 N95 过滤面罩呼吸器(FFR)短缺,人们开发了各种口罩来预防感染。本研究旨在使用定量密合度测试法检测密封口罩和改良外科口罩的向内泄漏率(ILR),并将其与未改良的 N95 FFRs 的向内泄漏率进行比较:我们在 2021 年 10 月至 12 月期间对弯鼻钢丝口罩、双层口罩和 N95 FFR 的内渗率进行了配对比较。为了测量口罩的防护效果,参与者戴上口罩,测量口罩内外的颗粒数量。ILR是根据使用密合度测试仪测量进入口罩的微粒百分比得出的:本研究共招募了 54 名参与者(20 名男性和 34 名女性)。不带和带 W 形弯曲鼻导线的外科口罩的 ILR 中位数分别为 96.44% 和 50.82%。鼻翼贴合线调整后,手术口罩的平均 ILR 降低了 28.57%,明显低于未做调整的 ILR(P < 0.001)。对于双层口罩,即在 W 型口罩上再加上外科口罩或聚氨酯口罩,ILR 与 N95 没有显著差异。虽然双层外科口罩的过滤性能与 N95 口罩相当,但其 ILR 明显更高,这表明双层口罩不能提供同等的保护:结论:在许多情况下,单独佩戴 N95 口罩是有效的。结论:在许多情况下,单独佩戴 N95 口罩是有效的,但外科口罩的改装并不能保证始终有效。选择正确、密封且佩戴合适的口罩可以克服泄漏问题,这强调了口罩的关键作用。在没有证据的情况下,佩戴口罩可能会导致意想不到的感染。基于量化数据的教育对于预防不良后果至关重要。
{"title":"Comparison of the inward leakage rate between N95 filtering facepiece respirators and modified surgical masks during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Kazunari Onishi, Masanori Nojima","doi":"10.1265/ehpm.23-00303","DOIUrl":"10.1265/ehpm.23-00303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Owing to shortage of surgical and N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) during the COVID-2019 pandemic, various masks were developed to prevent infection. This study aimed to examine the inward leakage rate (ILR) of sealed face masks and modified surgical masks using a quantitative fit test and compared it with the ILR of unmodified N95 FFRs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted paired comparisons of ILRs of bent nose-fit wire masks, double masks, and N95 FFRs from October to December 2021. To measure the protective effectiveness of masks, participants wore masks, and the number of particles outside and inside the mask were measured. The ILR was based on the percentage of particles entering the mask using a fit tester.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We enrolled 54 participants (20 men and 34 women) in this study. The median ILR for surgical masks without and with a W-shaped bend in the nose-fit wire were 96.44% and 50.82%, respectively. The nose-fit wire adjustment reduced the ILR of surgical masks by a mean of 28.57%, which was significantly lower than the ILR without adjustment (P < 0.001). For double masks, with surgical or polyurethane masks on top of the W-shaped mask, the ILR did not differ significantly from that of N95. Although the filtration performance of double surgical masks matched that of N95 masks, their ILR was notably higher, indicating that double masks do not provide equivalent protection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Wearing N95 masks alone is effective in many cases. However, surgical mask modifications do not guarantee consistent effectiveness. Properly selected, sealed masks with a good fit overcome leakage, emphasizing their crucial role. Without evidence, mask-wearing may lead to unexpected infections. Education based on quantitative data is crucial for preventing adverse outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11707,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine","volume":"29 ","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10898862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139899586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chronic noise exposure induces Alzheimer's disease-like neuropathology and cognitive impairment via ferroptosis in rat hippocampus. 慢性噪音暴露通过大鼠海马中的铁蛋白沉积诱导阿尔茨海默病样神经病理学和认知障碍。
IF 4 3区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.24-00126
Jialao Ma, Jinwei Zhang, Zejin Ou, Yixian Ren, Kangyong Wu, Yifan Zhang, Siran Chen, Zhi Wang

Background: Chronic noise exposure poses a remarkable public health concern, drawing attention to its impacts on the brain. Ferroptosis is involved in several brain-related diseases. However, the role of ferroptosis in the effects of chronic noise on the brain remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic noise exposure on the brain and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Methods: A chronic noise-induced cognitive impairment model in rats was constructed and validated. The pathological state and ferroptosis level of the rat hippocampus were determined using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Bioinformatics was employed to investigate the interrelationship between chronic noise exposure and genes. Genetic relationships were analyzed using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Cytoscape was employed for the prediction of upstream molecular and drug targets.

Results: In vivo experiments revealed that chronic noise exposure could induce Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like neuropathological changes in rat hippocampus and cognitive impairment. Moreover, protein markers indicative of ferroptosis and levels of lipid peroxidation were quantified to elucidate underlying mechanisms. Thereafter, oxidative stress- and ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) underwent functional enrichment and PPI network analyses. Additionally, 8 genes with diagnostic significance were identified. In MR analysis, retinoic acid receptor responder 2 (Rarres2) gene exhibited a negative genetic relationship with AD.

Conclusions: Chronic noise exposure could induce AD-like neuropathological changes and cognitive impairment via ferroptosis. The results of MR analysis indicated that Rarres2 gene may act as a protective factor in AD. This gene may be upstream of ferroptosis and serve as a target for the prevention and treatment of chronic noise-induced cognitive impairment.

背景:长期暴露于噪音环境是一个令人关注的公共健康问题,它对大脑的影响引起了人们的注意。铁蜕变与多种脑相关疾病有关。然而,铁蜕变在慢性噪声对大脑的影响中所起的作用仍然难以捉摸。本研究旨在调查慢性噪声暴露对大脑的影响,并阐明其潜在机制:方法:构建并验证了慢性噪声诱导的大鼠认知障碍模型。方法:构建了慢性噪声诱导的大鼠认知障碍模型并对其进行了验证,采用 Western 印迹和免疫组化方法测定了大鼠海马的病理状态和铁蛋白沉积水平。利用生物信息学研究了慢性噪声暴露与基因之间的相互关系。利用孟德尔随机化(MR)分析法对基因关系进行了分析。采用 Cytoscape 预测上游分子和药物靶点:体内实验表明,长期暴露于噪声可诱发大鼠海马发生类似阿尔茨海默病(AD)的神经病理变化,并导致认知障碍。此外,实验还量化了指示铁变态反应的蛋白质标记物和脂质过氧化水平,以阐明其潜在机制。随后,对氧化应激和铁中毒相关的差异表达基因(DEGs)进行了功能富集和PPI网络分析。此外,还发现了 8 个具有诊断意义的基因。在MR分析中,视黄酸受体应答器2(Rarres2)基因与AD呈负遗传关系:结论:慢性噪声暴露可通过铁氧化诱发类似 AD 的神经病理变化和认知障碍。MR分析结果表明,Rarres2基因可能是AD的保护因子。该基因可能处于铁蛋白沉积的上游,是预防和治疗慢性噪声诱导的认知障碍的靶点。
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引用次数: 0
Association between alcohol intake and death from cardiovascular diseases and its subtypes stratified by dyslipidemia in Japanese men: 20-years follow-up of NIPPON DATA90. 日本男性酒精摄入量与心血管疾病死亡之间的关系及其按血脂异常分层的亚型:NIPPON DATA90 的 20 年随访。
IF 4 3区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.24-00164
Takumi Hirata, Aya Hirata, Sayuki Torii, Naoyuki Takashima, Aya Kadota, Sohel Reza Choudhury, Akira Okayama, Katsuyuki Miura, Tomonori Okamura

Background: The association between alcohol consumption and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) was controversial, and no previous studies have shown the impact of dyslipidemia on the association. We aimed to clarify the association between alcohol consumption and death from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its subtypes and the impact of dyslipidemia on the association.

Methods: We conducted a 20-year cohort study to clarify the association between alcohol intake and death from CVD and its subtypes in 2,909 Japanese men. We estimated the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for current drinkers with non-drinkers as the reference, after adjusting for potential confounders using Cox proportional hazards models. We also investigated the association between alcohol consumption and ASCVD or CVD death stratified by the presence or absence of dyslipidemia.

Results: During 50,782 person-years of follow-up period, 223 participants died from total CVD, 110 participants died from ASCVD, and 25 participants died from cerebral hemorrhage. Current drinkers with 1 gou/day were significantly associated with lower risk of ASCVD (HR: 0.60, 95%CI: 0.37-0.98), which is more apparent in those without dyslipidemia, and current drinkers with ≥3 gou/day were significantly associated with higher risk of cerebral hemorrhage (HR: 4.13, 95%CI: 1.12-15.19).

Conclusions: Small amounts of alcohol drinking were associated with lower risk of ASCVD in Japanese men, especially those without dyslipidemia. Meanwhile, excessive alcohol drinking was associated with higher risk of cerebral hemorrhage. Our findings suggest that it is important for current Japanese drinkers to reduce alcohol consumption for preventing ASCVD or cerebral hemorrhage.

背景:饮酒与动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)之间的关系存在争议,以往的研究没有显示血脂异常对这种关系的影响。我们旨在阐明饮酒与心血管疾病(CVD)死亡及其亚型之间的关系,以及血脂异常对这种关系的影响:我们对 2,909 名日本男性进行了一项为期 20 年的队列研究,以明确酒精摄入量与心血管疾病及其亚型死亡之间的关系。在使用 Cox 比例危险模型对潜在混杂因素进行调整后,我们估算了当前饮酒者与不饮酒者的危险比 (HR) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI)。我们还调查了根据是否存在血脂异常分层的饮酒与 ASCVD 或 CVD 死亡之间的关系:在50782人年的随访期间,有223人死于心血管疾病,110人死于ASCVD,25人死于脑出血。每天饮酒量为1克的饮酒者患ASCVD的风险明显较低(HR:0.60,95%CI:0.37-0.98),这在无血脂异常的人群中更为明显;每天饮酒量≥3克的饮酒者患脑出血的风险明显较高(HR:4.13,95%CI:1.12-15.19):结论:少量饮酒与日本男性(尤其是没有血脂异常的男性)发生急性心血管疾病的风险较低有关。同时,过量饮酒与较高的脑出血风险有关。我们的研究结果表明,目前的日本饮酒者必须减少饮酒量,以预防急性心血管疾病或脑出血。
{"title":"Association between alcohol intake and death from cardiovascular diseases and its subtypes stratified by dyslipidemia in Japanese men: 20-years follow-up of NIPPON DATA90.","authors":"Takumi Hirata, Aya Hirata, Sayuki Torii, Naoyuki Takashima, Aya Kadota, Sohel Reza Choudhury, Akira Okayama, Katsuyuki Miura, Tomonori Okamura","doi":"10.1265/ehpm.24-00164","DOIUrl":"10.1265/ehpm.24-00164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The association between alcohol consumption and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) was controversial, and no previous studies have shown the impact of dyslipidemia on the association. We aimed to clarify the association between alcohol consumption and death from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its subtypes and the impact of dyslipidemia on the association.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a 20-year cohort study to clarify the association between alcohol intake and death from CVD and its subtypes in 2,909 Japanese men. We estimated the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for current drinkers with non-drinkers as the reference, after adjusting for potential confounders using Cox proportional hazards models. We also investigated the association between alcohol consumption and ASCVD or CVD death stratified by the presence or absence of dyslipidemia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 50,782 person-years of follow-up period, 223 participants died from total CVD, 110 participants died from ASCVD, and 25 participants died from cerebral hemorrhage. Current drinkers with 1 gou/day were significantly associated with lower risk of ASCVD (HR: 0.60, 95%CI: 0.37-0.98), which is more apparent in those without dyslipidemia, and current drinkers with ≥3 gou/day were significantly associated with higher risk of cerebral hemorrhage (HR: 4.13, 95%CI: 1.12-15.19).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Small amounts of alcohol drinking were associated with lower risk of ASCVD in Japanese men, especially those without dyslipidemia. Meanwhile, excessive alcohol drinking was associated with higher risk of cerebral hemorrhage. Our findings suggest that it is important for current Japanese drinkers to reduce alcohol consumption for preventing ASCVD or cerebral hemorrhage.</p>","PeriodicalId":11707,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine","volume":"29 ","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11551442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142575806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Is Japan at low risk for PFAS immunotoxicity?: human biomonitoring study in contaminated areas in Japan. 日本的全氟辛烷磺酸免疫毒性风险低吗?
IF 4 3区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.24-00047
Zhaoqing Lyu, Kouji H Harada, Junko Kimura-Kuroda, Yasuharu Tokuda

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are now considered global contaminants posing health risks. Recent human biomonitoring data in Japan are presented.

Methods: Human biomonitoring data from Japan, dating back to 2000, were reviewed. In addition, 399 serum samples collected in a primary care clinic in Urayasu City, Okinawa Island-one of the highest PFAS-exposed areas in Japan-between 2021 and 2022 were analyzed. Serum levels of four PFAS were compared with risk levels based on the assessment by Sonne et al. and the European Food Safety Agency.

Results: The PFAS levels in the general population from various areas other than Hokkaido (16.1-43.5 ng/mL) are classified at moderate to severe risk for immunotoxicity based on the assessment.

Conclusions: A portion of the Japanese population has had high exposure to PFAS and was at high risk of immunotoxicity, and this situation remained in PFAS-contaminated areas in the 2020s.

背景:全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 现已被视为具有健康风险的全球性污染物。方法:对日本 2000 年以来的人体生物监测数据进行了回顾。此外,还分析了 2021 年至 2022 年期间在冲绳岛浦安市一家初级保健诊所采集的 399 份血清样本,浦安市是日本 PFAS 暴露最高的地区之一。根据 Sonne 等人和欧洲食品安全局的评估结果,将四种 PFAS 的血清水平与风险水平进行了比较:结果:根据评估结果,除北海道外,其他地区普通人群的 PFAS 水平(16.1-43.5 纳克/毫升)被归类为免疫毒性中度至重度风险:结论:一部分日本人接触过大量全氟辛烷磺酸,免疫毒性风险较高,这种情况在 2020 年代仍会在全氟辛烷磺酸污染地区持续存在。
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引用次数: 0
Association between blood cadmium and depression varies by age and smoking status in US adult women: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2005-2016. 美国成年女性血镉与抑郁症之间的关系因年龄和吸烟状况而异:一项来自 2005-2016 年 NHANES 的横断面研究。
IF 4 3区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.24-00050
Yewei Ji, Jinmin Wang

Background: Cadmium, a toxic metal, is widely encountered in diverse environmental contexts. Despite its pervasive exposure, there is limited research on the association between blood cadmium levels and depression, especially among females. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between blood cadmium levels and depression in adult women.

Methods: Data spanning 2005-2016 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were selected. Depression was diagnosed with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9, score ≥10). Multiple logistic regression, multiple linear regression, and smoothed curve fitting were used to investigate the relationship between blood cadmium and depression. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were performed to evaluate the stability of this association across populations.

Results: A total of 1,173 individuals were diagnosed with depression. The heightened prevalence of depression was linked to increased blood cadmium levels, a trend that persisted even after quartering blood cadmium. In the fully adjusted model, each incremental unit of blood cadmium was associated with a 33% rise in the prevalence of depression (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.21-1.45). Participants in the highest quartile were 63% more likely to experience depression compared to those in the lowest quartile of blood cadmium (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.15-2.30), and PHQ-9 score increased by 0.73 (β = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.30-1.17). This positive association may be relevant to the general population.

Conclusions: Blood cadmium levels are associated with depression in adult women, and this association varies by age and smoking status.

背景:镉是一种有毒金属,广泛存在于各种环境中。尽管镉的暴露无处不在,但有关血镉水平与抑郁症之间关系的研究却很有限,尤其是在女性中。本研究旨在调查成年女性血液中镉含量与抑郁症之间的关系:方法:选取美国国家健康与营养调查(NHANES)2005-2016 年的数据。抑郁症通过患者健康问卷(PHQ-9,得分≥10)进行诊断。采用多元逻辑回归、多元线性回归和平滑曲线拟合来研究血镉与抑郁症之间的关系。为了评估这种关系在不同人群中的稳定性,还进行了分组分析和交互检验:结果:共有 1,173 人被诊断患有抑郁症。抑郁症发病率的升高与血镉水平的升高有关,即使在对血镉进行四分位后,这一趋势依然存在。在完全调整模型中,血镉每增加一个单位,抑郁症患病率就会增加 33%(OR = 1.33,95% CI:1.21-1.45)。与血镉含量最低的四分位数的参与者相比,血镉含量最高的四分位数的参与者患抑郁症的可能性增加了 63%(OR = 1.63,95% CI:1.15-2.30),PHQ-9 评分增加了 0.73(β = 0.73,95% CI:0.30-1.17)。这种正相关关系可能与普通人群有关:结论:成年女性的血镉水平与抑郁症有关,这种关联因年龄和吸烟状况而异。
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引用次数: 0
Proposal for nationwide registration of injuries or fatalities in wheelchair user motor vehicle passengers in Japan. 关于在日本全国范围内登记轮椅使用者机动车辆乘客伤亡情况的建议。
IF 4 3区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.24-00160
Masahito Hitosugi, Ayumu Kuwahara, Mami Nakamura

One consequence of population aging is an increase in the number of older wheelchair users. They often board the motor vehicle from the rear for moving. Recently, wheelchair user vehicle passengers have involved in motor vehicle collisions and died. A three-point seatbelt does not adequately fit most wheelchair user passengers because of the way that the wheelchair is constructed. Therefore, owing to the movement of the body immediately after the collision, the wheelchair user passengers attacked their body to the interior of the vehicle or suffered from the intrusion of the lap belt into the abdomen, subsequently suffered from severe head, chest or abdominal injuries. According to the review of all fatal motor vehicle collisions in Shiga Prefecture, Japan, which has a population of approximately 1.4 million, from 2017 to 2022, the rate of wheelchair users in fatal motor vehicle passenger increased from 3.6% in 2017 to 2019 to 7.8% in 2020 to 2022. Therefore, there is a risk that substantial numbers of wheelchair user passengers involved in motor vehicle collisions will die. However, in Japan, there are no official statistics on the involvement of wheelchair user passengers in motor vehicle collisions. Therefore, we propose a nationwide registration of injuries and fatalities in wheelchair user passengers. Investigating the mechanisms of injury in wheelchair user passengers would contribute to the development of safety measures, especially for restraint systems. Established preventive measure would contribute to the decrease of fatally or severely injured motor vehicle collision passengers.

人口老龄化的后果之一是老年轮椅使用者人数的增加。他们通常从后部登上机动车辆行驶。最近,有轮椅使用者在汽车碰撞中丧生。由于轮椅的构造,三点式安全带并不适合大多数轮椅使用者。因此,在碰撞發生後,由於身體隨即移動,輪椅乘客的身體便會撞向車廂,或因腹帶侵入腹部而導致嚴重的頭部、胸部或腹部創傷。根据对日本滋贺县(人口约 140 万)2017 年至 2022 年所有致命机动车碰撞事故的审查,轮椅使用者在致命机动车乘客中的比率从 2017 年至 2019 年的 3.6%增至 2020 年至 2022 年的 7.8%。因此,大量轮椅使用者有可能在机动车碰撞事故中丧生。然而,在日本,并没有关于轮椅使用者乘客卷入机动车碰撞事故的官方统计数据。因此,我们建议在全国范围内对轮椅使用者的伤亡情况进行登记。调查轮椅使用者的受伤机制将有助于制定安全措施,特别是约束系统。既定的预防措施将有助于减少机动车碰撞事故中死亡或严重受伤的乘客人数。
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引用次数: 0
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Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine
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