Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000283
L. Mcguinn, Iván Gutiérrez-Avila, M. Rosa, Allan C. Just, Brent Coull, I. Kloog, Marcela Tamayo Ortiz, H. Harari, Sandra Martinez, Erika Osorio-Valencia, M. Téllez-Rojo, Daniel N. Klein, Rosalind J. Wright, Robert O. Wright
Background: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure has been linked to anxiety and depression in adults; however, there is limited research in the younger populations, in which symptoms often first arise. Methods: We examined the association between early-life PM2.5 exposure and symptoms of anxiety and depression in a cohort of 8–11-year-olds in Mexico City. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Spanish versions of the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale and Children’s Depression Inventory. Daily PM2.5 was estimated using a satellite-based exposure model and averaged over several early and recent exposure windows. Linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate the change in symptoms with each 5-µg/m3 increase in PM2.5. Models were adjusted for child’s age, child’s sex, maternal age, maternal socioeconomic status, season of conception, and temperature. Results: Average anxiety and depressive symptom T-scores were 51.0 (range 33–73) and 53.4 (range 44–90), respectively. We observed consistent findings for exposures around the fourth year of life, as this was present for both continuous and dichotomized anxiety symptoms, in both independent exposure models and distributed lag modeling approaches. This window was also observed for elevated depressive symptoms. An additional consistent finding was for PM2.5 exposure during early pregnancy in relation to both clinically elevated anxiety and depressive symptoms, this was seen in both traditional and distributed lag modeling approaches. Conclusion: Both early life and recent PM2.5 exposure were associated with higher mental health symptoms in the child highlighting the role of PM2.5 in the etiology of these conditions.
{"title":"Association between prenatal and childhood PM2.5 exposure and preadolescent anxiety and depressive symptoms","authors":"L. Mcguinn, Iván Gutiérrez-Avila, M. Rosa, Allan C. Just, Brent Coull, I. Kloog, Marcela Tamayo Ortiz, H. Harari, Sandra Martinez, Erika Osorio-Valencia, M. Téllez-Rojo, Daniel N. Klein, Rosalind J. Wright, Robert O. Wright","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000283","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure has been linked to anxiety and depression in adults; however, there is limited research in the younger populations, in which symptoms often first arise. Methods: We examined the association between early-life PM2.5 exposure and symptoms of anxiety and depression in a cohort of 8–11-year-olds in Mexico City. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Spanish versions of the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale and Children’s Depression Inventory. Daily PM2.5 was estimated using a satellite-based exposure model and averaged over several early and recent exposure windows. Linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate the change in symptoms with each 5-µg/m3 increase in PM2.5. Models were adjusted for child’s age, child’s sex, maternal age, maternal socioeconomic status, season of conception, and temperature. Results: Average anxiety and depressive symptom T-scores were 51.0 (range 33–73) and 53.4 (range 44–90), respectively. We observed consistent findings for exposures around the fourth year of life, as this was present for both continuous and dichotomized anxiety symptoms, in both independent exposure models and distributed lag modeling approaches. This window was also observed for elevated depressive symptoms. An additional consistent finding was for PM2.5 exposure during early pregnancy in relation to both clinically elevated anxiety and depressive symptoms, this was seen in both traditional and distributed lag modeling approaches. Conclusion: Both early life and recent PM2.5 exposure were associated with higher mental health symptoms in the child highlighting the role of PM2.5 in the etiology of these conditions.","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000287
Alexander J Northrop, Nina M. Flores, V. Do, Perry E. Sheffield, Joan A. Casey
Background: In the past decade, electrical power disruptions (outages) have increased in the United States, especially those attributable to weather events. These outages have a range of health impacts but are largely unstudied in children. Here, we investigated the association between outages and unintentional injury hospitalizations, a leading cause of childhood morbidity. Methods: The study setting was New York State (NYS) from 2017 to 2020. Outage exposure was defined as ≥10%, ≥20%, and ≥50% of customers from a power operating locality without power, ascertained from NYS Department of Public Service records and stratified by rural, urban non-New York City (NYC), and NYC regions. Outcome daily block group-level pediatric injury hospitalization data was from the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS). We leveraged a case-crossover study design with logistic conditional regression. Results: We identified 23,093 unintentional injury hospitalizations in children <18 years with complete block group and exposure data. Most hospitalizations occurred in urban regions (90%), whereas outages were more likely in rural than urban areas. In urban non-NYC regions, outages ≥4 hours were associated with 30% increased odds of all-cause unintentional injury hospitalizations when ≥50% of customers were without power. Analyses by injury subtype revealed increasing point estimates as the proportion of customers exposed increased. These results, however, had wide confidence intervals. Conclusions: Outage exposure differed significantly across rural, urban non-NYC, and NYC regions across New York. Especially at the highest outage threshold, we observed an increased risk of pediatric unintentional injury hospitalizations.
{"title":"Power outages and pediatric unintentional injury hospitalizations in New York State","authors":"Alexander J Northrop, Nina M. Flores, V. Do, Perry E. Sheffield, Joan A. Casey","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000287","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In the past decade, electrical power disruptions (outages) have increased in the United States, especially those attributable to weather events. These outages have a range of health impacts but are largely unstudied in children. Here, we investigated the association between outages and unintentional injury hospitalizations, a leading cause of childhood morbidity. Methods: The study setting was New York State (NYS) from 2017 to 2020. Outage exposure was defined as ≥10%, ≥20%, and ≥50% of customers from a power operating locality without power, ascertained from NYS Department of Public Service records and stratified by rural, urban non-New York City (NYC), and NYC regions. Outcome daily block group-level pediatric injury hospitalization data was from the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS). We leveraged a case-crossover study design with logistic conditional regression. Results: We identified 23,093 unintentional injury hospitalizations in children <18 years with complete block group and exposure data. Most hospitalizations occurred in urban regions (90%), whereas outages were more likely in rural than urban areas. In urban non-NYC regions, outages ≥4 hours were associated with 30% increased odds of all-cause unintentional injury hospitalizations when ≥50% of customers were without power. Analyses by injury subtype revealed increasing point estimates as the proportion of customers exposed increased. These results, however, had wide confidence intervals. Conclusions: Outage exposure differed significantly across rural, urban non-NYC, and NYC regions across New York. Especially at the highest outage threshold, we observed an increased risk of pediatric unintentional injury hospitalizations.","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138974134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000267
Ellen Martinson, Howard Chang, R. D’Souza, S. Ebelt, N. Scovronick
Background: Here, we investigate the association between outdoor temperature and fatal police shootings in the United States between 2015 and 2021. Methods: We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study. Data on fatal police shootings were from the Washington Post’s Fatal Force database and temperature data were from Daymet. Results: A 5°C increase in maximum same-day temperature was associated with a 1.033 (95% CI = 1.002, 1.065) increased odds of a fatal police shooting. In stratified analyses, the strongest associations were observed in victims who were armed (OR, 1.052 [95% CI = 1.017, 1.088), White (OR, 1.052 [95% CI = 1.006, 1.100), or aged 45+ (OR, 1.110 [95% CI = 1.044, 1.181]). In additional subgroup analyses, relative risks were also generally higher among those who were armed. Conclusions: There is evidence of an association between outdoor temperature and fatal police shootings in the United States, particularly when the victims were reported as armed. This study cannot determine if the associations are a result of any specific causes (e.g., increased police aggression or other factors).
背景:在这里，我们调查了2015年至2021年间美国室外温度与致命警察枪击事件之间的关系。方法:采用时间分层病例交叉研究。警方致命枪击事件的数据来自《华盛顿邮报》的致命力量数据库，气温数据来自Daymet。结果:当天最高气温每升高5°C，发生警察致命枪击的几率增加1.033 (95% CI = 1.002, 1.065)。在分层分析中，在武装人员(OR, 1.052 [95% CI = 1.017, 1.088])、白人(OR, 1.052 [95% CI = 1.006, 1.100])和45岁以上(OR, 1.110 [95% CI = 1.044, 1.181])的受害者中观察到最强的相关性。在其他亚组分析中，武装人员的相对风险也普遍较高。结论:有证据表明，在美国，室外温度与致命的警察枪击事件之间存在关联，特别是当受害者被报道为持有武器时。这项研究无法确定这种关联是否由任何特定原因(例如，警察的攻击性增加或其他因素)造成。
{"title":"Association between outdoor temperature and fatal police shootings in the United States, 2015–2021","authors":"Ellen Martinson, Howard Chang, R. D’Souza, S. Ebelt, N. Scovronick","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000267","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Here, we investigate the association between outdoor temperature and fatal police shootings in the United States between 2015 and 2021. Methods: We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study. Data on fatal police shootings were from the Washington Post’s Fatal Force database and temperature data were from Daymet. Results: A 5°C increase in maximum same-day temperature was associated with a 1.033 (95% CI = 1.002, 1.065) increased odds of a fatal police shooting. In stratified analyses, the strongest associations were observed in victims who were armed (OR, 1.052 [95% CI = 1.017, 1.088), White (OR, 1.052 [95% CI = 1.006, 1.100), or aged 45+ (OR, 1.110 [95% CI = 1.044, 1.181]). In additional subgroup analyses, relative risks were also generally higher among those who were armed. Conclusions: There is evidence of an association between outdoor temperature and fatal police shootings in the United States, particularly when the victims were reported as armed. This study cannot determine if the associations are a result of any specific causes (e.g., increased police aggression or other factors).","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138627698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000279
Lara Stucki, Staffan Betnér, Jenny Selander, M. Lõhmus, A. Åkesson, C. Eriksson
Background: Recent evidence suggests environmental health inequalities both within and between European countries and socially deprived groups may be more susceptible to pollution. However, evidence is still inconclusive and additional studies are warranted. This study aims to investigate sociodemographic inequalities in long-term residential exposure to air pollution, road traffic noise, and greenness, taking lifestyle and degree of urbanization into account. Methods: In total 20,407 women, born 1914–48 residing in Uppsala County, Sweden, were followed between 1997 and 2017. Time-varying sociodemographic variables were obtained from registers, and questionnaires provided lifestyle information. Generalized estimating equations were used to compute beta-coefficients (β) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for associations between sociodemographic and lifestyle variables and spatial-temporal modeled particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), road traffic noise and greenness. All models were additionally stratified by urbanization type. Results: Urban area residency was the most important predictor of high exposure to air pollution and noise, and to low greenness. For instance, β for NO2 was −2.92 (95% CI = −3.00, −2.83) and −3.10 (95% CI = −3.18, −3.01) µg/m3 in suburban and rural areas, respectively, compared with urban areas. For greenness, the opposite held true with corresponding β of 0.059 (95% CI = 0.056, 0.062) and 0.095 (95% CI = 0.092, 0.098). Within urban areas, elderly, unmarried and well-educated women had the highest environmental burden. However, less pronounced, and even reversed associations were found in suburban and rural areas. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of a mixed pattern of environmental health inequalities across sociodemographic groups in urban areas.
背景:最近的证据表明，欧洲国家内部和国家之间以及社会贫困群体之间的环境卫生不平等可能更容易受到污染的影响。然而，证据仍然不确定，需要进一步的研究。本研究的目的是在考虑生活方式和城市化程度的情况下，调查长期居住暴露于空气污染、道路交通噪音和绿化方面的社会人口不平等。方法:在1997年至2017年期间，共有20,407名女性，出生于1914 - 1948年，居住在瑞典乌普萨拉县。随时间变化的社会人口变量从登记册中获得，调查问卷提供生活方式信息。使用广义估计方程计算社会人口学和生活方式变量与时空模拟颗粒物(PM2.5、PM10)、二氧化氮(NO2)、道路交通噪声和绿化之间的关联的β系数(β)和95%置信区间(95% CI)。所有模型均按城市化类型进行分层。结果:城区居住是空气污染和噪声高暴露和绿化低的最重要预测因子。例如，与城市地区相比，郊区和农村地区NO2的β分别为- 2.92 (95% CI = - 3.00， - 2.83)和- 3.10 (95% CI = - 3.18， - 3.01)µg/m3。对于绿色，相反的情况是正确的，相应的β为0.059 (95% CI = 0.056, 0.062)和0.095 (95% CI = 0.092, 0.098)。在城市地区，老年、未婚和受过良好教育的妇女的环境负担最重。然而，在郊区和农村地区发现的关联不那么明显，甚至是相反的。结论:本研究提供了城市地区不同社会人口群体环境卫生不平等混合模式的证据。
{"title":"Sociodemographic inequalities in long-term exposure to air pollution, road traffic noise, and greenness: A population-based cohort study of women","authors":"Lara Stucki, Staffan Betnér, Jenny Selander, M. Lõhmus, A. Åkesson, C. Eriksson","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000279","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Recent evidence suggests environmental health inequalities both within and between European countries and socially deprived groups may be more susceptible to pollution. However, evidence is still inconclusive and additional studies are warranted. This study aims to investigate sociodemographic inequalities in long-term residential exposure to air pollution, road traffic noise, and greenness, taking lifestyle and degree of urbanization into account. Methods: In total 20,407 women, born 1914–48 residing in Uppsala County, Sweden, were followed between 1997 and 2017. Time-varying sociodemographic variables were obtained from registers, and questionnaires provided lifestyle information. Generalized estimating equations were used to compute beta-coefficients (β) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for associations between sociodemographic and lifestyle variables and spatial-temporal modeled particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), road traffic noise and greenness. All models were additionally stratified by urbanization type. Results: Urban area residency was the most important predictor of high exposure to air pollution and noise, and to low greenness. For instance, β for NO2 was −2.92 (95% CI = −3.00, −2.83) and −3.10 (95% CI = −3.18, −3.01) µg/m3 in suburban and rural areas, respectively, compared with urban areas. For greenness, the opposite held true with corresponding β of 0.059 (95% CI = 0.056, 0.062) and 0.095 (95% CI = 0.092, 0.098). Within urban areas, elderly, unmarried and well-educated women had the highest environmental burden. However, less pronounced, and even reversed associations were found in suburban and rural areas. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of a mixed pattern of environmental health inequalities across sociodemographic groups in urban areas.","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138626049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000280
Louise Duquesne, Elhadji Anassour Laouan Sidi, C. Plante, Ying Liu, Naizhuo Zhao, Éric Lavigne, Kate Zinszer, Rita Sousa-Silva, Michel Fournier, Paul J. Villeneuve, David J. Kaiser, A. Smargiassi
Objective: We aimed to assess whether the influence of urban vegetation on asthma development in children (<13 years) varies by type (e.g., total vegetation, tree type, and grass) and season. Methods: We used a cohort of all children born in Montreal, Canada, between 2000 and 2015. Children and cases were identified from linked medico-administrative databases. Exposure to residential vegetation was estimated using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for total vegetation and using the total area covered by deciduous and evergreen crowns for trees in 250 m buffers centered on residential postal codes. Seasonal variations in vegetation were modeled by setting values to zero on days outside of pollen and leaf-on seasons. Cox models with vegetation exposures, age as a time axis, and adjusted for sex, material deprivation, and health region were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for asthma development. Results: We followed 352,946 children for a total of 1,732,064 person-years and identified 30,816 incident cases of asthma. While annual vegetation (total and trees) measures did not appear to be associated with asthma development, models for pollen and leaf-on seasons yielded significant nonlinear associations. The risk of developing asthma was lower in children exposed to high levels (>33,300 m2) of deciduous crown area for the leaf-on season (HR = 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.67, 0.72) and increased for the pollen season (HR = 1.07; 95% CI =1.02, 1.12), compared with unexposed children. Similar results were found with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. Conclusion: The relationship between urban vegetation and childhood asthma development is nonlinear and influenced by vegetation characteristics, from protective during the leaf-on season to harmful during the pollen season.
{"title":"The influence of urban trees and total vegetation on asthma development in children","authors":"Louise Duquesne, Elhadji Anassour Laouan Sidi, C. Plante, Ying Liu, Naizhuo Zhao, Éric Lavigne, Kate Zinszer, Rita Sousa-Silva, Michel Fournier, Paul J. Villeneuve, David J. Kaiser, A. Smargiassi","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000280","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: We aimed to assess whether the influence of urban vegetation on asthma development in children (<13 years) varies by type (e.g., total vegetation, tree type, and grass) and season. Methods: We used a cohort of all children born in Montreal, Canada, between 2000 and 2015. Children and cases were identified from linked medico-administrative databases. Exposure to residential vegetation was estimated using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for total vegetation and using the total area covered by deciduous and evergreen crowns for trees in 250 m buffers centered on residential postal codes. Seasonal variations in vegetation were modeled by setting values to zero on days outside of pollen and leaf-on seasons. Cox models with vegetation exposures, age as a time axis, and adjusted for sex, material deprivation, and health region were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for asthma development. Results: We followed 352,946 children for a total of 1,732,064 person-years and identified 30,816 incident cases of asthma. While annual vegetation (total and trees) measures did not appear to be associated with asthma development, models for pollen and leaf-on seasons yielded significant nonlinear associations. The risk of developing asthma was lower in children exposed to high levels (>33,300 m2) of deciduous crown area for the leaf-on season (HR = 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.67, 0.72) and increased for the pollen season (HR = 1.07; 95% CI =1.02, 1.12), compared with unexposed children. Similar results were found with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. Conclusion: The relationship between urban vegetation and childhood asthma development is nonlinear and influenced by vegetation characteristics, from protective during the leaf-on season to harmful during the pollen season.","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139270152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000278
A. Krajewski, T. Luben, Joshua L. Warren, K. Rappazzo
Background: Preterm birth (PTB; <37 weeks completed gestation) is associated with exposure to air pollution, though variability in association magnitude and direction across exposure windows exists. We evaluated associations between weekly gestational exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) with PTB in a North Carolina Birth Cohort from 2003 to 2015 (N = 1,367,517). Methods: Daily average PM2.5 and daily 8-hour maximum NO2 concentration estimates were obtained from a hybrid ensemble model with a spatial resolution of 1 km2. Daily 8-hour maximum census tract-level concentration estimates for O3 were obtained from the EPA’s Fused Air Quality Surface Using Downscaling model. Air pollutant concentrations were linked by census tract to residential address at delivery and averaged across each week of pregnancy. Modified Poisson regression models with robust errors were used to estimate risk differences (RD [95% confidence intervals (CI)]) for an interquartile range increase in pollutants per 10,000 births, adjusted for potential confounders. Results: Associations were similar in magnitude across weeks. We observed positive associations for PM2.5 and O3 exposures, but generally null associations with NO2. RDs ranged from 15 (95% CI = 11, 18) to 32 (27, 37) per 10,000 births for PM2.5; from −7 (−14, −1) to 0 (−5, 4) for NO2; and from 4 (1, 7) to 13 (10, 16) for O3. Conclusion: Our results show that increased PM2.5 exposure is associated with an increased risk of PTB across gestational weeks, and these associations persist in multipollutant models with NO2 and/or O3.
{"title":"Associations between weekly gestational exposure of fine particulate matter, ozone, and nitrogen dioxide and preterm birth in a North Carolina Birth Cohort, 2003–2015","authors":"A. Krajewski, T. Luben, Joshua L. Warren, K. Rappazzo","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000278","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Preterm birth (PTB; <37 weeks completed gestation) is associated with exposure to air pollution, though variability in association magnitude and direction across exposure windows exists. We evaluated associations between weekly gestational exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) with PTB in a North Carolina Birth Cohort from 2003 to 2015 (N = 1,367,517). Methods: Daily average PM2.5 and daily 8-hour maximum NO2 concentration estimates were obtained from a hybrid ensemble model with a spatial resolution of 1 km2. Daily 8-hour maximum census tract-level concentration estimates for O3 were obtained from the EPA’s Fused Air Quality Surface Using Downscaling model. Air pollutant concentrations were linked by census tract to residential address at delivery and averaged across each week of pregnancy. Modified Poisson regression models with robust errors were used to estimate risk differences (RD [95% confidence intervals (CI)]) for an interquartile range increase in pollutants per 10,000 births, adjusted for potential confounders. Results: Associations were similar in magnitude across weeks. We observed positive associations for PM2.5 and O3 exposures, but generally null associations with NO2. RDs ranged from 15 (95% CI = 11, 18) to 32 (27, 37) per 10,000 births for PM2.5; from −7 (−14, −1) to 0 (−5, 4) for NO2; and from 4 (1, 7) to 13 (10, 16) for O3. Conclusion: Our results show that increased PM2.5 exposure is associated with an increased risk of PTB across gestational weeks, and these associations persist in multipollutant models with NO2 and/or O3.","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139272528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000277
Martin Tondel, Tobias Nordquist, Mats Isaksson, Christopher Rääf, Robert Wålinder
Background: Adult males in Sweden exhibit an increased risk of cancer associated with an increased absorbed dose to the colon from the Chernobyl accident. Methods: A closed cohort, with information on hunter status, included all individuals living in northern Sweden in 1986. Complete annual information on exposure to 137 Cs at the dwelling coordinate was available for a total of 2,104,101 individuals. A nested case-control method with four controls matched for year of cancer diagnosis and year of birth, was used. Individual absorbed organ doses were calculated between 1986 and 2020 including external and internal exposure. Hazard ratios (HR) per mGy with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using conditional logistic regression adjusted for rural/nonrural habitat, education level and pre-Chernobyl cancer incidence 1980 to 1985. A total of 161,325 cancer cases in males and 144,439 in females were included. Results: The adjusted HR per mGy for all cancer sites combined was 1.027 (95% CI = 1.022, 1.031) in males and 1.011 (95% CI = 1.006, 1.017) in females. In a post hoc analysis accounting for both remaining confounding from hunter lifestyle and the pre-Chernobyl cancer incidence by county, the adjusted HR per mGy for all cancer sites combined was 1.014 (95% CI = 1.009, 1.019) in males and 1.000 (95% CI = 0.994, 1.006) in females. The post hoc analysis suggested an increased risk of cancer in the colon, pancreas, and stomach, respectively, in males, and lymphoma in females. Conclusions: Increased cancer risk estimates were found for some specific cancer sites but remaining uncontrolled confounding due to hunter lifestyle could not be ruled out.
背景:瑞典成年男性患癌症的风险随着切尔诺贝利事故中结肠吸收剂量的增加而增加。方法:一个包含猎人身份信息的封闭队列，包括1986年居住在瑞典北部的所有个体。总共有2,104,101人在居住坐标上获得了完整的137cs暴露年度信息。采用嵌套病例对照法，根据癌症诊断年份和出生年份进行对照。在1986年至2020年期间计算了个人器官吸收剂量，包括外部和内部照射。使用条件logistic回归计算每mGy的风险比(HR)和95%置信区间(95% CI)，调整农村/非农村生境、教育水平和1980 - 1985年切尔诺贝利前癌症发病率。总共包括161325例男性癌症病例和144439例女性癌症病例。结果:所有癌症部位的校正HR / mGy男性为1.027 (95% CI = 1.022, 1.031)，女性为1.011 (95% CI = 1.006, 1.017)。在考虑猎人生活方式和各县切尔诺贝利前癌症发病率的剩余混杂因素的事后分析中，所有癌症部位的调整后HR / mGy在男性中为1.014 (95% CI = 1.009, 1.019)，在女性中为1.000 (95% CI = 0.994, 1.006)。事后分析表明，男性患结肠癌、胰腺癌和胃癌的风险分别增加，女性患淋巴瘤的风险增加。结论:在某些特定的癌症部位发现了增加的癌症风险估计，但由于猎人的生活方式导致的不受控制的混杂不能排除。
{"title":"Dose–response analysis of protracted absorbed organ dose and site-specific cancer incidence in Sweden after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident","authors":"Martin Tondel, Tobias Nordquist, Mats Isaksson, Christopher Rääf, Robert Wålinder","doi":"10.1097/ee9.0000000000000277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ee9.0000000000000277","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adult males in Sweden exhibit an increased risk of cancer associated with an increased absorbed dose to the colon from the Chernobyl accident. Methods: A closed cohort, with information on hunter status, included all individuals living in northern Sweden in 1986. Complete annual information on exposure to 137 Cs at the dwelling coordinate was available for a total of 2,104,101 individuals. A nested case-control method with four controls matched for year of cancer diagnosis and year of birth, was used. Individual absorbed organ doses were calculated between 1986 and 2020 including external and internal exposure. Hazard ratios (HR) per mGy with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using conditional logistic regression adjusted for rural/nonrural habitat, education level and pre-Chernobyl cancer incidence 1980 to 1985. A total of 161,325 cancer cases in males and 144,439 in females were included. Results: The adjusted HR per mGy for all cancer sites combined was 1.027 (95% CI = 1.022, 1.031) in males and 1.011 (95% CI = 1.006, 1.017) in females. In a post hoc analysis accounting for both remaining confounding from hunter lifestyle and the pre-Chernobyl cancer incidence by county, the adjusted HR per mGy for all cancer sites combined was 1.014 (95% CI = 1.009, 1.019) in males and 1.000 (95% CI = 0.994, 1.006) in females. The post hoc analysis suggested an increased risk of cancer in the colon, pancreas, and stomach, respectively, in males, and lymphoma in females. Conclusions: Increased cancer risk estimates were found for some specific cancer sites but remaining uncontrolled confounding due to hunter lifestyle could not be ruled out.","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135933398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Epidemiological studies commonly use residential addresses at birth to estimate exposures throughout pregnancy, ignoring residential mobility. Lack of consideration for residential mobility during pregnancy might lead to exposure misclassification that should be addressed in environmental epidemiology. Methods: We investigated potential exposure misclassification from estimating exposure during pregnancy by residence at delivery utilizing a prospective cohort of pregnant women in New York, United States (n = 1899; 2016–2019). We calculated exposure during pregnancy corresponding to each address for fine particles (PM 2.5 ), temperature, and greenness (Enhanced Vegetation Index [EVI]). Results: Twenty-two percent of participants moved at least once during pregnancy; 82.3% of movers changed residences during the second or third trimesters. Participants with better health, lower parity, and higher socioeconomic status were more likely to move. Exposures based on address at delivery rather than residential history overestimated exposure for PM 2.5 (exposure error: range −5.7 to 4.6 µg/m 3 , average −0.6 µg/m 3 ) and EVI (range −0.305 to 0.307, average −0.013), but not temperature. Overestimations were significantly larger for mothers with higher socioeconomic status. Our findings indicate that the error for prenatal exposure can occur when residential mobility is not considered and is disproportional by maternal characteristics. Conclusions: Epidemiological studies should consider residential mobility in exposure assessments based on geolocation when possible, and results based on mother’s residence at birth should be interpreted with understanding of potential differential exposure misclassification.
{"title":"Residential mobility in pregnancy and potential exposure misclassification of air pollution, temperature, and greenness","authors":"Seulkee Heo, Yelena Afanasyeva, Leonardo Trasande, Michelle L. Bell, Akhgar Ghassabian","doi":"10.1097/ee9.0000000000000273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ee9.0000000000000273","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Epidemiological studies commonly use residential addresses at birth to estimate exposures throughout pregnancy, ignoring residential mobility. Lack of consideration for residential mobility during pregnancy might lead to exposure misclassification that should be addressed in environmental epidemiology. Methods: We investigated potential exposure misclassification from estimating exposure during pregnancy by residence at delivery utilizing a prospective cohort of pregnant women in New York, United States (n = 1899; 2016–2019). We calculated exposure during pregnancy corresponding to each address for fine particles (PM 2.5 ), temperature, and greenness (Enhanced Vegetation Index [EVI]). Results: Twenty-two percent of participants moved at least once during pregnancy; 82.3% of movers changed residences during the second or third trimesters. Participants with better health, lower parity, and higher socioeconomic status were more likely to move. Exposures based on address at delivery rather than residential history overestimated exposure for PM 2.5 (exposure error: range −5.7 to 4.6 µg/m 3 , average −0.6 µg/m 3 ) and EVI (range −0.305 to 0.307, average −0.013), but not temperature. Overestimations were significantly larger for mothers with higher socioeconomic status. Our findings indicate that the error for prenatal exposure can occur when residential mobility is not considered and is disproportional by maternal characteristics. Conclusions: Epidemiological studies should consider residential mobility in exposure assessments based on geolocation when possible, and results based on mother’s residence at birth should be interpreted with understanding of potential differential exposure misclassification.","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136377336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000276
{"title":"Maternal serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances during pregnancy and breastfeeding duration: Erratum","authors":"","doi":"10.1097/ee9.0000000000000276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ee9.0000000000000276","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136376229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000275
Anna R. Smith, Pi-I. D. Lin, S. Rifas-Shiman, K. Switkowski, A. Fleisch, R. O. Wright, Brent Coull, E. Oken, M. Hivert, Andres Cardenas
Background: Nonessential metals have endocrine-disrupting properties, interfere with cellular processes, generate reactive oxygen, and deplete antioxidants, while essential metals and vitamins act as antioxidants. The extent to which prenatal metals and vitamins are associated with cord blood hormones involved in maternal and fetal metabolic and growth processes is unknown. Methods: We measured six nonessential (arsenic, barium, cadmium, cesium, lead, and mercury) and four essential (magnesium, manganese, selenium, and zinc) metals and trace elements, and two vitamins (B12 and folate) in first-trimester blood from participants in the longitudinal prebirth Project Viva cohort, who were recruited between 1999 and 2002 in eastern Massachusetts. We measured adiponectin, C-peptide, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, IGF-2, IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3, insulin, and leptin concentrations in cord blood (~n = 695). We used covariate-adjusted quantile g-computation for mixtures and linear regression for individual exposures to estimate associations with cord blood peptide hormones. Results: The essential metal mixture (magnesium, manganese, selenium, and zinc) was associated with higher IGF-1 (β = 3.20 ng/ml per quartile; 95% CI = 0.39, 6.01), IGF-2 (β = 10.93 ng/ml; 95% CI = 0.08, 21.79), and leptin (β = 1.03 ng/ml; 95% CI = 0.25, 1.80). Magnesium was associated with higher leptin (β = 2.90 ng/ml; 95% CI = 0.89, 4.91), while B12 was associated with lower adiponectin, IGF-2, and leptin but higher C-peptide. Other individual nonessential metals were associated with cord blood hormones. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that some prenatal metals and vitamins are associated with cord blood hormones, which may influence growth and development.
背景：非必需金属具有干扰内分泌、干扰细胞过程、产生活性氧和消耗抗氧化剂的特性，而必需金属和维生素则具有抗氧化剂的作用。产前金属和维生素与参与母体和胎儿代谢和生长过程的脐带血激素的关联程度尚不清楚。研究方法我们测量了六种非必需（砷、钡、镉、铯、铅和汞）和四种必需（镁、锰、硒和锌）金属和微量元素以及两种维生素（B12 和叶酸）在产前脐带血中的含量。我们测量了脐带血中的脂肪连素、C 肽、胰岛素样生长因子 (IGF)-1、IGF-2、IGF 结合蛋白 (IGFBP)-3、胰岛素和瘦素浓度（~n = 695）。我们对混合物采用协变量调整量级 g 计算，对单个暴露采用线性回归来估计与脐带血肽类激素的关系。结果必需金属混合物（镁、锰、硒和锌）与较高的 IGF-1（β = 3.20 ng/ml/四分位数；95% CI = 0.39，6.01）、IGF-2（β = 10.93 ng/ml；95% CI = 0.08，21.79）和瘦素（β = 1.03 ng/ml；95% CI = 0.25，1.80）相关。镁与瘦素的升高有关（β = 2.90 ng/ml; 95% CI = 0.89, 4.91），而 B12 与较低的脂肪连接素、IGF-2 和瘦素有关，但与较高的 C 肽有关。其他非必需金属也与脐带血激素有关。结论：我们的研究结果表明，某些产前金属和维生素与脐带血激素有关，而脐带血激素可能会影响生长和发育。
{"title":"Associations between prenatal blood metals and vitamins and cord blood peptide hormone concentrations","authors":"Anna R. Smith, Pi-I. D. Lin, S. Rifas-Shiman, K. Switkowski, A. Fleisch, R. O. Wright, Brent Coull, E. Oken, M. Hivert, Andres Cardenas","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000275","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nonessential metals have endocrine-disrupting properties, interfere with cellular processes, generate reactive oxygen, and deplete antioxidants, while essential metals and vitamins act as antioxidants. The extent to which prenatal metals and vitamins are associated with cord blood hormones involved in maternal and fetal metabolic and growth processes is unknown. Methods: We measured six nonessential (arsenic, barium, cadmium, cesium, lead, and mercury) and four essential (magnesium, manganese, selenium, and zinc) metals and trace elements, and two vitamins (B12 and folate) in first-trimester blood from participants in the longitudinal prebirth Project Viva cohort, who were recruited between 1999 and 2002 in eastern Massachusetts. We measured adiponectin, C-peptide, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, IGF-2, IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3, insulin, and leptin concentrations in cord blood (~n = 695). We used covariate-adjusted quantile g-computation for mixtures and linear regression for individual exposures to estimate associations with cord blood peptide hormones. Results: The essential metal mixture (magnesium, manganese, selenium, and zinc) was associated with higher IGF-1 (β = 3.20 ng/ml per quartile; 95% CI = 0.39, 6.01), IGF-2 (β = 10.93 ng/ml; 95% CI = 0.08, 21.79), and leptin (β = 1.03 ng/ml; 95% CI = 0.25, 1.80). Magnesium was associated with higher leptin (β = 2.90 ng/ml; 95% CI = 0.89, 4.91), while B12 was associated with lower adiponectin, IGF-2, and leptin but higher C-peptide. Other individual nonessential metals were associated with cord blood hormones. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that some prenatal metals and vitamins are associated with cord blood hormones, which may influence growth and development.","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139316563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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