Xin Liao, Jimin Fang, Lingling Yang, Zhijie Xu, Xun Wang
Environmental context As a new type of photocatalytic material, nano-titanium dioxide can be applied in the field of energy and environmental protection. This research uses ammonium bifluoride to modify the titanium dioxide and analyses it in combination with interface chemistry theory, and finds that its photocatalytic efficiency has been greatly improved. This provides new ideas for wastewater treatment and pollutant degradation. Abstract Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was prepared by hydrothermally adjusting titanium sulfate with ammonium hydrogen fluoride. The UV-visible absorption spectra show that there was no significant redshift in the absorption sideband of the sample, but the addition of ammonium hydrogen fluoride affected the morphology and microstructure of the sample. When the molar ratio of F to Ti was 1.5, the specific surface area of TiO2 more than doubled, the surface complexation mode changed significantly and the number of surface-active sites increased by a factor of 16.24. The photocatalytic degradation measurements show that the decolourisation rate of the photocatalyst prepared by fluorine control was increased by 40 % compared with the uncontrolled sample. The analysis of the combined state of the catalyst surface shows that the photocatalytic degradation efficiency and the amount of deprotonated TiO− as well as the number of positively charged oxidation states of methylene blue are clearly correlated. Furthermore, the number of active sites of the catalyst increased and the electrostatic interaction between fluorine and titanium formed a F-Ti dipole moment, which intensified the interaction between the negatively charged TiO− ion and the positively charged quinone methylene blue molecule. The lone pair electron of N in the quinone methylene blue molecule and the 3d orbital of Ti formed a metastable complex through coordination, and demethylation of the methylene blue molecules was completed.
{"title":"Fluorine-regulated surface chemical state of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and decolourisation mechanism of methylene blue","authors":"Xin Liao, Jimin Fang, Lingling Yang, Zhijie Xu, Xun Wang","doi":"10.1071/EN20163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/EN20163","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental context As a new type of photocatalytic material, nano-titanium dioxide can be applied in the field of energy and environmental protection. This research uses ammonium bifluoride to modify the titanium dioxide and analyses it in combination with interface chemistry theory, and finds that its photocatalytic efficiency has been greatly improved. This provides new ideas for wastewater treatment and pollutant degradation. Abstract Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was prepared by hydrothermally adjusting titanium sulfate with ammonium hydrogen fluoride. The UV-visible absorption spectra show that there was no significant redshift in the absorption sideband of the sample, but the addition of ammonium hydrogen fluoride affected the morphology and microstructure of the sample. When the molar ratio of F to Ti was 1.5, the specific surface area of TiO2 more than doubled, the surface complexation mode changed significantly and the number of surface-active sites increased by a factor of 16.24. The photocatalytic degradation measurements show that the decolourisation rate of the photocatalyst prepared by fluorine control was increased by 40 % compared with the uncontrolled sample. The analysis of the combined state of the catalyst surface shows that the photocatalytic degradation efficiency and the amount of deprotonated TiO− as well as the number of positively charged oxidation states of methylene blue are clearly correlated. Furthermore, the number of active sites of the catalyst increased and the electrostatic interaction between fluorine and titanium formed a F-Ti dipole moment, which intensified the interaction between the negatively charged TiO− ion and the positively charged quinone methylene blue molecule. The lone pair electron of N in the quinone methylene blue molecule and the 3d orbital of Ti formed a metastable complex through coordination, and demethylation of the methylene blue molecules was completed.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85436210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Q. An, Shuman Deng, Bin Zhao, Zheng Li, Jia Xu, Jiaxi Song
Environmental context Industrial development has caused the release of hexavalent chromium and nitrates into the environment. Interactions of hexavalent chromium and nitrates with microorganisms are important both for understanding environmental behaviour and for treatment options. Bacterial removal of both chromium and nitrate was optimised in waters relevant to waste streams and the environment. Abstract An isolated strain of the bacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain W26, is shown to be capable of the simultaneous removal of nitrate and CrVI under aerobic conditions. Notably, 10 mg L−1 of CrVI and 500 mg L−1 of nitrate were reduced by 92.6 % and 85.2 %, respectively, by strain W26. Results showed that an excellent denitrification efficiency of 96.0 % could be reached at the optimal conditions of a C/N ratio of 10, using a carbon source of trisodium citrate, at pH 7.5, and a nitrate concentration of 500 mg L−1. Strain W26 could also effectively remove high concentrations of CrVI (50 mg L−1, 93.2 %) and nitrate (700 mg L−1, 97.4 %). By using the N balance analysis, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the denitrification and CrVI transformation processes were verified. CrVI, immobilised on the cell surface by W26, was reduced to CrIII, through interaction with of O=C and N-H groups. This study indicates that the isolated strain W26 has the potential to treat wastewater containing combined nitrate and CrVI contamination.
{"title":"Simultaneous denitrification and hexavalent chromium removal by a newly isolated Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain W26 under aerobic conditions","authors":"Q. An, Shuman Deng, Bin Zhao, Zheng Li, Jia Xu, Jiaxi Song","doi":"10.1071/EN20097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/EN20097","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental context Industrial development has caused the release of hexavalent chromium and nitrates into the environment. Interactions of hexavalent chromium and nitrates with microorganisms are important both for understanding environmental behaviour and for treatment options. Bacterial removal of both chromium and nitrate was optimised in waters relevant to waste streams and the environment. Abstract An isolated strain of the bacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain W26, is shown to be capable of the simultaneous removal of nitrate and CrVI under aerobic conditions. Notably, 10 mg L−1 of CrVI and 500 mg L−1 of nitrate were reduced by 92.6 % and 85.2 %, respectively, by strain W26. Results showed that an excellent denitrification efficiency of 96.0 % could be reached at the optimal conditions of a C/N ratio of 10, using a carbon source of trisodium citrate, at pH 7.5, and a nitrate concentration of 500 mg L−1. Strain W26 could also effectively remove high concentrations of CrVI (50 mg L−1, 93.2 %) and nitrate (700 mg L−1, 97.4 %). By using the N balance analysis, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the denitrification and CrVI transformation processes were verified. CrVI, immobilised on the cell surface by W26, was reduced to CrIII, through interaction with of O=C and N-H groups. This study indicates that the isolated strain W26 has the potential to treat wastewater containing combined nitrate and CrVI contamination.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"413 1","pages":"20-30"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86774472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. K. Chan, Curie Park, K. Chan, Daniel C. W. Mak, J. K. Fang, D. Mitrano
Environmental context Microplastic fibres (MPFs) released from textiles are routinely found throughout the environment as an indicator of human impacts. The presence of MPFs in industrial wastewater effluents shows that attention should be placed not only on domestic release but also on the upstream processes of textile production. In the context of global MPF release, the ability to target and treat industrial effluents may significantly reduce a potentially major point source. Abstract Microplastic fibres (MPFs) released from textiles are routinely found throughout the environment indicating human impacts on natural systems. The most common release pathway to the environment investigated are domestic textile laundering, transport through and retention in municipal wastewater treatment plants and subsequent application of processed sludge onto agricultural fields as soil amendment. A less-studied but potentially equally relevant source is releases further upstream in the textile production chain such as industrial wastewater effluents from textile processing mills. In this context, industrial wastewater from a typical textile wet-processing mill in China was sampled to estimate MPF release. Effluent was sampled and MPF fibre number and length were quantified by stereomicroscope. An average of 361.6 ± 24.5 MPFs L−1 was identified in the mill effluent. MPF length was highly variable, yet 92 % of all fibres were shorter than 1000 µm. Additionally, the sampling strategy was used to identify the optimal volume necessary to adequately subsample the effluent. We found that total fibre counts were linearly correlated with sample volumes between 1 and 10 L, but a sampling volume of 5 L is suggested for good reproducibility, low standard deviation and ease of working volume. The significant abundance of MPFs in the industrial wastewater effluent emphasises that not only should attention be placed on domestic releases, but the production stage of textiles can also be responsible for MPF pollution. The ability to target and treat industrial effluents may significantly reduce a potentially major point source.
{"title":"Microplastic fibre releases from industrial wastewater effluent: a textile wet-processing mill in China","authors":"C. K. Chan, Curie Park, K. Chan, Daniel C. W. Mak, J. K. Fang, D. Mitrano","doi":"10.1071/EN20143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/EN20143","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental context Microplastic fibres (MPFs) released from textiles are routinely found throughout the environment as an indicator of human impacts. The presence of MPFs in industrial wastewater effluents shows that attention should be placed not only on domestic release but also on the upstream processes of textile production. In the context of global MPF release, the ability to target and treat industrial effluents may significantly reduce a potentially major point source. Abstract Microplastic fibres (MPFs) released from textiles are routinely found throughout the environment indicating human impacts on natural systems. The most common release pathway to the environment investigated are domestic textile laundering, transport through and retention in municipal wastewater treatment plants and subsequent application of processed sludge onto agricultural fields as soil amendment. A less-studied but potentially equally relevant source is releases further upstream in the textile production chain such as industrial wastewater effluents from textile processing mills. In this context, industrial wastewater from a typical textile wet-processing mill in China was sampled to estimate MPF release. Effluent was sampled and MPF fibre number and length were quantified by stereomicroscope. An average of 361.6 ± 24.5 MPFs L−1 was identified in the mill effluent. MPF length was highly variable, yet 92 % of all fibres were shorter than 1000 µm. Additionally, the sampling strategy was used to identify the optimal volume necessary to adequately subsample the effluent. We found that total fibre counts were linearly correlated with sample volumes between 1 and 10 L, but a sampling volume of 5 L is suggested for good reproducibility, low standard deviation and ease of working volume. The significant abundance of MPFs in the industrial wastewater effluent emphasises that not only should attention be placed on domestic releases, but the production stage of textiles can also be responsible for MPF pollution. The ability to target and treat industrial effluents may significantly reduce a potentially major point source.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86602587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
X. Qin, Xiaofei Zhong, Ping Du, Juan Chen, J. Jia, Ying He, Fei Liu, L. Weng
Environmental context The concentration, types and distribution of antibiotics in soils can have environmental effects and can be modelled using laboratory systems. Adsorption of ofloxacin (OFL) and levofloxacin (LEV) enantiomers to goethite can probe this behaviour and each binds differently to the solid phase. The different behaviour of LEV and OFL in relation to solid-solution partitioning will affect their environmental fate. Abstract The adsorption of ofloxacin enantiomers, namely levofloxacin (LEV) and ofloxacin (OFL), to goethite was investigated using batch experiments. Structural information of aqueous and adsorbed LEV or OFL was obtained with ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis), three-dimensional excitation–emission matrix (EEM) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic methods. The results indicated that LEV molecules formed a bridging bidentate complex (≡(FeO)2–LEV) with the surface of goethite, and OFL formed a monodentate complex (≡FeO–OFL). The adsorption of OFL to goethite was stronger than that of LEV, owing to differences in their physicochemical properties and bonding modes. The adsorption of LEV and OFL to goethite in single systems was well simulated using the charge distribution multi-site complexation (CD-MUSIC) model, but their adsorption in the LEV–OFL–goethite systems was overestimated at pH ~5.2 and high concentrations of LEV–OFL mixture (19.59 μM), in which the predicted amounts of adsorbed LEV and OFL were higher (20.0, 30.8 %) than the experimental results. Compared with the unprotonated LEV or OFL, the protonated (>99.9 %) ones were mainly adsorbed to the surface of goethite, and the single species may be used during their following modelling.
{"title":"Competitive adsorption of ofloxacin enantiomers to goethite: experiments and modelling","authors":"X. Qin, Xiaofei Zhong, Ping Du, Juan Chen, J. Jia, Ying He, Fei Liu, L. Weng","doi":"10.1071/EN20123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/EN20123","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental context The concentration, types and distribution of antibiotics in soils can have environmental effects and can be modelled using laboratory systems. Adsorption of ofloxacin (OFL) and levofloxacin (LEV) enantiomers to goethite can probe this behaviour and each binds differently to the solid phase. The different behaviour of LEV and OFL in relation to solid-solution partitioning will affect their environmental fate. Abstract The adsorption of ofloxacin enantiomers, namely levofloxacin (LEV) and ofloxacin (OFL), to goethite was investigated using batch experiments. Structural information of aqueous and adsorbed LEV or OFL was obtained with ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis), three-dimensional excitation–emission matrix (EEM) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic methods. The results indicated that LEV molecules formed a bridging bidentate complex (≡(FeO)2–LEV) with the surface of goethite, and OFL formed a monodentate complex (≡FeO–OFL). The adsorption of OFL to goethite was stronger than that of LEV, owing to differences in their physicochemical properties and bonding modes. The adsorption of LEV and OFL to goethite in single systems was well simulated using the charge distribution multi-site complexation (CD-MUSIC) model, but their adsorption in the LEV–OFL–goethite systems was overestimated at pH ~5.2 and high concentrations of LEV–OFL mixture (19.59 μM), in which the predicted amounts of adsorbed LEV and OFL were higher (20.0, 30.8 %) than the experimental results. Compared with the unprotonated LEV or OFL, the protonated (>99.9 %) ones were mainly adsorbed to the surface of goethite, and the single species may be used during their following modelling.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"17 1","pages":"38-44"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73334335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.7524/J.ISSN.0254-6108.2020050502
Wu Yuli, Xiao Yutang, Wang Guanping, Shih-Yi Wei, Sun Linquan, C. Yanfang, L. Dan
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) are the main traditional brominated flame retardants (BFRs). Owing to the property of Semi-volatility, persistance, and mobility, they are all found in various environmental media and organisms all over the world. Toxicological studies have shown that PBDEs, HBCD, and TBBPA not only exhibited obvious biological toxicity and carcinogenicity, but also posed potential harm to the ecological environment and human. This paper briefly summarized the current status of PBDEs, HBCD, and TBBPA in the environment, and discussed the level, distribution, exposure routes and toxicity of three traditional BFRs in non-living organisms (dust, water, soil, sediment, sludge) and living organisms (plants, animals, and humans). In addition, the problems existing in nowadays research were mentioned. Finally, a preliminary outlook for future research on PBDEs, HBCD, and TBBPA was presented.
{"title":"Research progress on status of environmental pollutions of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, hexabromocyclodocane, and tetrabromobisphenol A: A review","authors":"Wu Yuli, Xiao Yutang, Wang Guanping, Shih-Yi Wei, Sun Linquan, C. Yanfang, L. Dan","doi":"10.7524/J.ISSN.0254-6108.2020050502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7524/J.ISSN.0254-6108.2020050502","url":null,"abstract":"Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) are the main traditional brominated flame retardants (BFRs). Owing to the property of Semi-volatility, persistance, and mobility, they are all found in various environmental media and organisms all over the world. Toxicological studies have shown that PBDEs, HBCD, and TBBPA not only exhibited obvious biological toxicity and carcinogenicity, but also posed potential harm to the ecological environment and human. This paper briefly summarized the current status of PBDEs, HBCD, and TBBPA in the environment, and discussed the level, distribution, exposure routes and toxicity of three traditional BFRs in non-living organisms (dust, water, soil, sediment, sludge) and living organisms (plants, animals, and humans). In addition, the problems existing in nowadays research were mentioned. Finally, a preliminary outlook for future research on PBDEs, HBCD, and TBBPA was presented.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"4 1","pages":"384-403"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74021561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of temperature and nutrients on the emissions of biogenic volatile sulfur compounds from Ulva prolifera during the bloom decline period","authors":"Lu Han, Pei-feng Li, Chun-Ying Liu, Guipeng Yang","doi":"10.1071/en21072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/en21072","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82162109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.7524/J.ISSN.0254-6108.2019110602
Zhang Shihao, Chen Xi, Zhai Xiaoman, L. Jie, Xing Xiaolin, Wang Baocheng, Wang Jun, X. Yifeng, Wang Wei
There is a large population and high number of death in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region, therefore the amount of cremation and the incineration of sacrificial offerings is also high. Due to the loose pollution control in crematoria, the surrounding environment and human health were affected by the pollutants emitted from crematoria. To further explore the characteristics of pollution emissions from the BTH crematoria, this study carried out on-site emission monitoring of 19 cremators and 6 incinerators of sacrificial offerings in 19 crematoria in this region. The concentrations and chemical components of PM2.5 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the emission levels of other gaseous pollutants from crematoria flue gas were obtained. The emission factors of air pollutants were calculated. Based on the activity level data, the emission inventory of atmospheric pollutants from the crematoria was established and its emission reduction potential was analyzed. Results showed that:(1) The average emission concentrations of TSP, CO and NOx from the crematoria in the BTH were seriously exceeding the national standard limits. Flue gas purification devices had significant effect on the removal of pollutants. (2) PM2.5/TSP=0.73 indicated that fine particles accounted for a large proportion in the flue gas of cremator; the concentration of organic matter (OC) was high and accounted for 25.3% in PM2.5. (3) The concentrations of benzene and benzene series, olefins, alkane were high in VOCs, accounting for 88.7%, which might pose health risks to exposed populations. (4) According to the emission inventory, the emissions of TSP, PM10, PM2.5 and CO in the BTH crematoria in 2016 decreased by 47.8%, 47.8%, 47.9% and 26.1% respectively compared with those for 2007. The proportion of installation purification devices for crematorium was low in the BTH region and it was common that flue gas discharged directly into atmosphere which had considerable potential of emission reduction.
{"title":"Pollutants emission characteristics and emission reduction potential of crematoria flue gas in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China","authors":"Zhang Shihao, Chen Xi, Zhai Xiaoman, L. Jie, Xing Xiaolin, Wang Baocheng, Wang Jun, X. Yifeng, Wang Wei","doi":"10.7524/J.ISSN.0254-6108.2019110602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7524/J.ISSN.0254-6108.2019110602","url":null,"abstract":"There is a large population and high number of death in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region, therefore the amount of cremation and the incineration of sacrificial offerings is also high. Due to the loose pollution control in crematoria, the surrounding environment and human health were affected by the pollutants emitted from crematoria. To further explore the characteristics of pollution emissions from the BTH crematoria, this study carried out on-site emission monitoring of 19 cremators and 6 incinerators of sacrificial offerings in 19 crematoria in this region. The concentrations and chemical components of PM2.5 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the emission levels of other gaseous pollutants from crematoria flue gas were obtained. The emission factors of air pollutants were calculated. Based on the activity level data, the emission inventory of atmospheric pollutants from the crematoria was established and its emission reduction potential was analyzed. Results showed that:(1) The average emission concentrations of TSP, CO and NOx from the crematoria in the BTH were seriously exceeding the national standard limits. Flue gas purification devices had significant effect on the removal of pollutants. (2) PM2.5/TSP=0.73 indicated that fine particles accounted for a large proportion in the flue gas of cremator; the concentration of organic matter (OC) was high and accounted for 25.3% in PM2.5. (3) The concentrations of benzene and benzene series, olefins, alkane were high in VOCs, accounting for 88.7%, which might pose health risks to exposed populations. (4) According to the emission inventory, the emissions of TSP, PM10, PM2.5 and CO in the BTH crematoria in 2016 decreased by 47.8%, 47.8%, 47.9% and 26.1% respectively compared with those for 2007. The proportion of installation purification devices for crematorium was low in the BTH region and it was common that flue gas discharged directly into atmosphere which had considerable potential of emission reduction.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"3 1","pages":"1059-1070"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75052746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.7524/J.ISSN.0254-6108.2020061302
Chen Guanyi, Li Huanbo, Li Jian, Yang Beibei, Dongxue Lei
Antibiotic mycelial fermentation residue (AMFR) is a solid waste generated during the fermentation for the production of antibiotic drugs. As a state-specified hazardous waste, it causes huge environmental pollution due to the large yields, high contaminants, and the inevitable residual of antibiotics. The clean treatments of AMFR are facing difficulties. In this paper, the types, characteristics and perniciousness of AMFR are reviewed, and the feasible thermochemical technologies and non-thermochemical technologies are also introduced. Particularly, the thermochemical technologies are systematic summarized, including incineration, hydrothermal treatment and pyrolysis /gasification. The general evaluations, environmental impact, applications and research progress of thermochemical technologies are comparatively analyzed. At the same time, it is hoped to provide some useful information for treating AMFR. For example, torrefaction, as a pretreatment, can eliminate the biological hazards and provide benefits for downstream thermal treatments. With this review, it shed a light on AMDR treatment during production process of antibiotic drugs, and promoted the sustainable and sound development of pharmaceutical industry of our country.
{"title":"Treatment of antibiotic mycelial fermentation residue: The critical review","authors":"Chen Guanyi, Li Huanbo, Li Jian, Yang Beibei, Dongxue Lei","doi":"10.7524/J.ISSN.0254-6108.2020061302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7524/J.ISSN.0254-6108.2020061302","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic mycelial fermentation residue (AMFR) is a solid waste generated during the fermentation for the production of antibiotic drugs. As a state-specified hazardous waste, it causes huge environmental pollution due to the large yields, high contaminants, and the inevitable residual of antibiotics. The clean treatments of AMFR are facing difficulties. In this paper, the types, characteristics and perniciousness of AMFR are reviewed, and the feasible thermochemical technologies and non-thermochemical technologies are also introduced. Particularly, the thermochemical technologies are systematic summarized, including incineration, hydrothermal treatment and pyrolysis /gasification. The general evaluations, environmental impact, applications and research progress of thermochemical technologies are comparatively analyzed. At the same time, it is hoped to provide some useful information for treating AMFR. For example, torrefaction, as a pretreatment, can eliminate the biological hazards and provide benefits for downstream thermal treatments. With this review, it shed a light on AMDR treatment during production process of antibiotic drugs, and promoted the sustainable and sound development of pharmaceutical industry of our country.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":"459-473"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90524235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.7524/J.ISSN.0254-6108.2020081502
L. Rui, Zhang Huanhuan, He Yuting, An Yajun, Zhang Zhaofeng, Tang Mingjin
Iron,one of the essential micronutrients for life,would largely promote oceanic primary productivity. Atmospheric deposition has been recognized as the dominant source of bioavailable iron in the open ocean;however,the relative contribution of combustion aerosol and mineral dust to bioavailable iron in the ocean remains poorly understood. The development of iron isotope techniques provides a new way for tracing iron sources. The application of iron isotope technique in atmospheric and oceanic sciences is still limited,and iron isotopic compositions of aerosols from various sources are not well understood. In this study,we selected one Chinese coal fly ash,two American coal fly ashes,one European city waste fly ash and three mineral dust samples from different regions (Arizona test dust from America,Luochuan Loess from China,and Xinjiang dust from China) and measured their iron contents and iron isotopic compositions. The maximum mass fraction of iron in coal fly ash was measured to be ~10%,significantly higher than those for city waste fly ash and mineral dust (both in the range of 2% to 4%). The δ56Fe values were determined to be 0.05‰-0.75‰ for the four fly ash samples and -0.05‰-0.21‰ for three mineral dust samples,respectively. Compared with mineral dust,combustion source particles showed heavier iron isotopic compositions,probably attributed to large variations in physicochemical properties of fuels and fly ashes.
{"title":"Iron isotopic compositions of combustion source particles and mineral dust","authors":"L. Rui, Zhang Huanhuan, He Yuting, An Yajun, Zhang Zhaofeng, Tang Mingjin","doi":"10.7524/J.ISSN.0254-6108.2020081502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7524/J.ISSN.0254-6108.2020081502","url":null,"abstract":"Iron,one of the essential micronutrients for life,would largely promote oceanic primary productivity. Atmospheric deposition has been recognized as the dominant source of bioavailable iron in the open ocean;however,the relative contribution of combustion aerosol and mineral dust to bioavailable iron in the ocean remains poorly understood. The development of iron isotope techniques provides a new way for tracing iron sources. The application of iron isotope technique in atmospheric and oceanic sciences is still limited,and iron isotopic compositions of aerosols from various sources are not well understood. In this study,we selected one Chinese coal fly ash,two American coal fly ashes,one European city waste fly ash and three mineral dust samples from different regions (Arizona test dust from America,Luochuan Loess from China,and Xinjiang dust from China) and measured their iron contents and iron isotopic compositions. The maximum mass fraction of iron in coal fly ash was measured to be ~10%,significantly higher than those for city waste fly ash and mineral dust (both in the range of 2% to 4%). The δ56Fe values were determined to be 0.05‰-0.75‰ for the four fly ash samples and -0.05‰-0.21‰ for three mineral dust samples,respectively. Compared with mineral dust,combustion source particles showed heavier iron isotopic compositions,probably attributed to large variations in physicochemical properties of fuels and fly ashes.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"30 1","pages":"990-998"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81894746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Humbert, M. Sebilo, M. Chorin, V. Vaury, A. Laverman
Environmental context. Specific inhibitors of biological reactions in the nitrogen cycle can be used to determine the origin of reactive nitrogen species; these nitrogen species potentially degrade water quality or influence climate. However, inhibitors can potentially interfere with methods for the analysis of stable isotope ratios and concentrations of ammonium, nitrite and nitrate. The effect of this interference on several commonly used methods was investigated. These findings should help avoid the use of inappropriate analytical methods and improve data quality in studies of the nitrogen cycle. Abstract. Characterisation of the reaction steps involved in nitrification can help determine the processes that produce potentiallyharmfulenvironmentalpollutantssuchasnitrite,nitrateandnitrousoxide(N 2 O).Theuseofnitrificationinhibitors can uncouple the reactions and therefore assist in their mechanistic and isotopic characterisation. However, nitrification inhibitors can interfere with the methods for determining the concentrations and stable isotope ratios of ammonium, nitrite and nitrate. The interference of allylthiourea, hydrazine or sodium chlorate in colorimetric methods and stable isotope measurements were assessed. Ammonium concentrations were measured with the salicylate method. Nitrite and nitrate were measuredwiththeGriessreaction,withnitratefirstbeingreducedtonitritewithvanadium(III)chloride.Forthestableisotopeanalysis,nitritewasreducedtoN 2 O in a 1 :1 sodium azide and acetic acid buffer solution; preceded, when necessary, by ammonium oxidation to nitrite by hypobromite or nitrate reduction to nitrite on an activated cadmium column. Sodium chlorate did not interfere with any of the analyses and none of the inhibitors interfered with the stable isotope ratios determinationofnitrate.Allylthioureainterferedwithammoniumandnitratequantification.Bothallylthioureaandhydrazinealsoclearlyinterferedinthedeterminationofthenitrogenstableisotoperatioofammonium,whileonlyallylthioureainterferedinthedeterminationofnitrogenandoxygenstableisotoperatiosofnitrite.Althoughwesuggestmethodstoovercomesomeoftheseinterferences,ourstudydemonstratedthattheanalyticalmethodsusedincombinationwithallylthioureaorhydrazineasnitrificationinhibitorsshouldbeconsideredwithcautionwhendesigningexperiments.
{"title":"Analytical pitfalls when using inhibitors in specific nitrification assays","authors":"G. Humbert, M. Sebilo, M. Chorin, V. Vaury, A. Laverman","doi":"10.1071/en21118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/en21118","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental context. Specific inhibitors of biological reactions in the nitrogen cycle can be used to determine the origin of reactive nitrogen species; these nitrogen species potentially degrade water quality or influence climate. However, inhibitors can potentially interfere with methods for the analysis of stable isotope ratios and concentrations of ammonium, nitrite and nitrate. The effect of this interference on several commonly used methods was investigated. These findings should help avoid the use of inappropriate analytical methods and improve data quality in studies of the nitrogen cycle. Abstract. Characterisation of the reaction steps involved in nitrification can help determine the processes that produce potentiallyharmfulenvironmentalpollutantssuchasnitrite,nitrateandnitrousoxide(N 2 O).Theuseofnitrificationinhibitors can uncouple the reactions and therefore assist in their mechanistic and isotopic characterisation. However, nitrification inhibitors can interfere with the methods for determining the concentrations and stable isotope ratios of ammonium, nitrite and nitrate. The interference of allylthiourea, hydrazine or sodium chlorate in colorimetric methods and stable isotope measurements were assessed. Ammonium concentrations were measured with the salicylate method. Nitrite and nitrate were measuredwiththeGriessreaction,withnitratefirstbeingreducedtonitritewithvanadium(III)chloride.Forthestableisotopeanalysis,nitritewasreducedtoN 2 O in a 1 :1 sodium azide and acetic acid buffer solution; preceded, when necessary, by ammonium oxidation to nitrite by hypobromite or nitrate reduction to nitrite on an activated cadmium column. Sodium chlorate did not interfere with any of the analyses and none of the inhibitors interfered with the stable isotope ratios determinationofnitrate.Allylthioureainterferedwithammoniumandnitratequantification.Bothallylthioureaandhydrazinealsoclearlyinterferedinthedeterminationofthenitrogenstableisotoperatioofammonium,whileonlyallylthioureainterferedinthedeterminationofnitrogenandoxygenstableisotoperatiosofnitrite.Althoughwesuggestmethodstoovercomesomeoftheseinterferences,ourstudydemonstratedthattheanalyticalmethodsusedincombinationwithallylthioureaorhydrazineasnitrificationinhibitorsshouldbeconsideredwithcautionwhendesigningexperiments.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87216702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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