Yunyun Yan, Tara E. Colenbrander Nelson, Lauren E. Twible, K. Whaley-Martin, Chad V. Jarolimek, J. King, S. Apte, J. Arrey, L. Warren
{"title":"Sulfur mass balance and speciation in the water cap during early-stage development in the first pilot pit lake in the Alberta Oil Sands","authors":"Yunyun Yan, Tara E. Colenbrander Nelson, Lauren E. Twible, K. Whaley-Martin, Chad V. Jarolimek, J. King, S. Apte, J. Arrey, L. Warren","doi":"10.1071/en22057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/en22057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75272779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yao Shu, Xiaofeng Gong, Yuanhang Li, Yuheng Sun, Danni Niu, Hongting Ye
{"title":"Effect of dissimilatory iron reduction and Carex DOM on CrVI reduction by Enterobacter sp. PY16 isolated from wetland soil","authors":"Yao Shu, Xiaofeng Gong, Yuanhang Li, Yuheng Sun, Danni Niu, Hongting Ye","doi":"10.1071/en21155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/en21155","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77309035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gwilym A. V. Price, J. Stauber, S. Stone, Darren J. Koppel, Aleicia Holland, D. Jolley
{"title":"Does toxicity test variability support bioavailability model predictions being within a factor of 2?","authors":"Gwilym A. V. Price, J. Stauber, S. Stone, Darren J. Koppel, Aleicia Holland, D. Jolley","doi":"10.1071/en22050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/en22050","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84355112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental context Atmospheric trace gases called volatile halocarbons (VHCs) significantly contribute to ozone depletion and global warming. The oceans are a primary source of VHCs, and concentrations and fluxes of selected VHCs in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea were measured. These data, and the influence of marine environmental factors on these parameters, provide information which will permit the assessment of the marine contribution of VHC behaviour and impact. Abstract Concentrations of five volatile halocarbons (VHCs), that is, chloroform (CHCl3), trichloroethylene (C2HCl3), tetrachloroethylene (C2Cl4), bromoform (CHBr3) and chlorodibromomethane (CHBr2Cl), were measured in the South Yellow Sea (SYS) and East China Sea (ECS) during autumn in 2011. The average (min–max) concentrations of CHCl3, C2HCl3, C2Cl4, CHBr2Cl and CHBr3 in surface seawater were 63.91 (24.63–361.23), 28.46 (1.82–85.77), 21.04 (9.85–89.31), 20.92 (7.98–59.89) and 75.91 (0.04–537.04) pmol L−1 respectively. The five VHCs exhibited a point distribution in autumn with clearly defined patterns in certain areas. In the vertical profiles, the highest concentrations of VHCs generally appeared in the upper mixing layer. Different VHCs were correlated with different environmental parameters, such as temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a (Chl-a), nutrient levels and bacteria. These results revealed that the sources of these VHCs were influenced by the Yangtze River effluent and Kuroshio waters as well as the biogenic release. Diurnal bimodal cycles were obvious in the concentrations of the five VHCs in the ECS. In general, concentrations peaked around noon, likely owing to biological production and photochemical mechanisms, and a secondary peak occurred around midnight, possibly resulting from a combination of respiration, zooplankton feeding and tidal action. The estimated sea-to-air fluxes showed that the study area was a net source of the five VHCs in the atmosphere during the study period.
{"title":"Concentrations of CHCl3, C2HCl3, C2Cl4, CHBr3 and CHBr2Cl in the South Yellow Sea and the East China Sea during autumn","authors":"Zhen He, J. Ni, Guipeng Yang, H. Yu, Jing Zhang","doi":"10.1071/en21073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/en21073","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental context Atmospheric trace gases called volatile halocarbons (VHCs) significantly contribute to ozone depletion and global warming. The oceans are a primary source of VHCs, and concentrations and fluxes of selected VHCs in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea were measured. These data, and the influence of marine environmental factors on these parameters, provide information which will permit the assessment of the marine contribution of VHC behaviour and impact. Abstract Concentrations of five volatile halocarbons (VHCs), that is, chloroform (CHCl3), trichloroethylene (C2HCl3), tetrachloroethylene (C2Cl4), bromoform (CHBr3) and chlorodibromomethane (CHBr2Cl), were measured in the South Yellow Sea (SYS) and East China Sea (ECS) during autumn in 2011. The average (min–max) concentrations of CHCl3, C2HCl3, C2Cl4, CHBr2Cl and CHBr3 in surface seawater were 63.91 (24.63–361.23), 28.46 (1.82–85.77), 21.04 (9.85–89.31), 20.92 (7.98–59.89) and 75.91 (0.04–537.04) pmol L−1 respectively. The five VHCs exhibited a point distribution in autumn with clearly defined patterns in certain areas. In the vertical profiles, the highest concentrations of VHCs generally appeared in the upper mixing layer. Different VHCs were correlated with different environmental parameters, such as temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a (Chl-a), nutrient levels and bacteria. These results revealed that the sources of these VHCs were influenced by the Yangtze River effluent and Kuroshio waters as well as the biogenic release. Diurnal bimodal cycles were obvious in the concentrations of the five VHCs in the ECS. In general, concentrations peaked around noon, likely owing to biological production and photochemical mechanisms, and a secondary peak occurred around midnight, possibly resulting from a combination of respiration, zooplankton feeding and tidal action. The estimated sea-to-air fluxes showed that the study area was a net source of the five VHCs in the atmosphere during the study period.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86812948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental contextHematite nanoparticles are efficient adsorbents for proteins and pollutants in environmental and biological systems. Hematite and the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) were used as models to investigate the surface chemistry and competitive role of BSA in arsenate adsorption. Results show that surface BSA inhibits arsenate adsorption, potentially altering its mobility and bioavailability. AbstractThe surface chemistry of metal oxide nanomaterials controls their health impacts and fate in environmental and biological systems. These systems contain proteins capable of binding to nanoparticles, which forms a protein corona that modifies the surface properties of the nanoparticles and reactivity towards pollutants. Using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, we investigate the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and quantify the competitive effect of BSA on the adsorption kinetics of arsenate, AsV, to hematite nanoparticles. Experiments were conducted in the flow mode at pH 7. BSA was first adsorbed on hematite, then AsV was allowed to flow over the BSA/hematite thin film. Adsorption kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were calculated using a modified Langmuir adsorption model for both BSA and AsV. The adsorption thermodynamic model showed that BSA binds through two active sites with a binding energy of –41 kJ mol−1, which corresponds to the spontaneous formation of chemisorbed and physisorbed species. When AsV flowed over the BSA/hematite film, only 11 % of surface BSA was desorbed by AsV. This result highlights the inhibitory effect of BSA for AsV adsorption. Structural analysis of BSA revealed changes to the local conformational geometry upon adsorption to and desorption from hematite nanoparticles. Molecular docking simulations showed that the binding free energy of a modelled hematite nanoparticle towards the BSA surface is –6.8 kcal mol−1 (−28.5 kJ mol−1) owing to the formation of various bonds, which agrees with the adsorption kinetics modelling. Overall, surface BSA inhibits arsenate adsorption and therefore increases its mobility and bioavailability.
{"title":"Surface chemistry of bovine serum albumin with hematite nanoparticles and its effect on arsenate adsorption","authors":"A. Eid, Shea Kraemer, Hind A. Al-Abadleh","doi":"10.1071/en21091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/en21091","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Environmental contextHematite nanoparticles are efficient adsorbents for proteins and pollutants in environmental and biological systems. Hematite and the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) were used as models to investigate the surface chemistry and competitive role of BSA in arsenate adsorption. Results show that surface BSA inhibits arsenate adsorption, potentially altering its mobility and bioavailability.\u0000AbstractThe surface chemistry of metal oxide nanomaterials controls their health impacts and fate in environmental and biological systems. These systems contain proteins capable of binding to nanoparticles, which forms a protein corona that modifies the surface properties of the nanoparticles and reactivity towards pollutants. Using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, we investigate the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and quantify the competitive effect of BSA on the adsorption kinetics of arsenate, AsV, to hematite nanoparticles. Experiments were conducted in the flow mode at pH 7. BSA was first adsorbed on hematite, then AsV was allowed to flow over the BSA/hematite thin film. Adsorption kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were calculated using a modified Langmuir adsorption model for both BSA and AsV. The adsorption thermodynamic model showed that BSA binds through two active sites with a binding energy of –41 kJ mol−1, which corresponds to the spontaneous formation of chemisorbed and physisorbed species. When AsV flowed over the BSA/hematite film, only 11 % of surface BSA was desorbed by AsV. This result highlights the inhibitory effect of BSA for AsV adsorption. Structural analysis of BSA revealed changes to the local conformational geometry upon adsorption to and desorption from hematite nanoparticles. Molecular docking simulations showed that the binding free energy of a modelled hematite nanoparticle towards the BSA surface is –6.8 kcal mol−1 (−28.5 kJ mol−1) owing to the formation of various bonds, which agrees with the adsorption kinetics modelling. Overall, surface BSA inhibits arsenate adsorption and therefore increases its mobility and bioavailability.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81626107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Foreword to the research front on ‘Plastics in the Environment’","authors":"J. Unrine, T. Hofmann","doi":"10.1071/env18n3_fo","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/env18n3_fo","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83895776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tianhao Zhang, Bingqing Lu, Xiang Quan, Na Wu, Jian-dong Shen, Xiang Li
Environmental context Aerosol acidity, or aerosol aqueous phase pH, can affect various environmental processes. Based on high frequency measurements of particulate compositions, along with thermodynamic calculations, this work studies particle acidity in the course of severe episodes of haze in Shanghai and considers the effect of this on the production of nitrate. The results will provide new perspectives on our interpretation of PM2.5 acidity during haze episodes in megacities. Abstract Aerosol acidity is one of the most important parameters that can influence climate change and human health, which has been inadequately analysed in China. Here, hourly measurements of particulate compositions and the E-AIM II model (assuming thermodynamic equilibrium) were used to study particle acidity during severe episodes of haze in Shanghai. The total concentration of sulfate, nitrate and ammonium was 138.9 ± 50.6 μg m−3, maximum 241.3 μg m−3; and the PM2.5 to PM10 (PM2.5/PM10) ratio was 0.60. The fine particles detected were somewhat acidic, with a pH range of 0.04–4.50, average 2.34, which is higher than in some areas of the US and China. The relatively low particle acidity is attributed to particle water content levels. Furthermore, the growth rate of sulfate, nitrate and ammonium during a haze episode (Case 2) was faster than that during a clean episode (CE), owing to exacerbated effects of PM2.5 acidity in the event of high relative humidity (RH) on hazy days. Finally, the detected significant correlations of [NO3−]/[SO42−] with [NH4+]/[SO42−] in conditions of abundant NH4+ indicate that NO3− in Shanghai is primarily formed through homogeneous reaction between ambient NH3 and HNO3. These findings provide new perspectives on our interpretation of PM2.5 acidity during haze episodes in megacities.
{"title":"PM2.5 acidity during haze episodes in Shanghai, China","authors":"Tianhao Zhang, Bingqing Lu, Xiang Quan, Na Wu, Jian-dong Shen, Xiang Li","doi":"10.1071/EN21087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/EN21087","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental context Aerosol acidity, or aerosol aqueous phase pH, can affect various environmental processes. Based on high frequency measurements of particulate compositions, along with thermodynamic calculations, this work studies particle acidity in the course of severe episodes of haze in Shanghai and considers the effect of this on the production of nitrate. The results will provide new perspectives on our interpretation of PM2.5 acidity during haze episodes in megacities. Abstract Aerosol acidity is one of the most important parameters that can influence climate change and human health, which has been inadequately analysed in China. Here, hourly measurements of particulate compositions and the E-AIM II model (assuming thermodynamic equilibrium) were used to study particle acidity during severe episodes of haze in Shanghai. The total concentration of sulfate, nitrate and ammonium was 138.9 ± 50.6 μg m−3, maximum 241.3 μg m−3; and the PM2.5 to PM10 (PM2.5/PM10) ratio was 0.60. The fine particles detected were somewhat acidic, with a pH range of 0.04–4.50, average 2.34, which is higher than in some areas of the US and China. The relatively low particle acidity is attributed to particle water content levels. Furthermore, the growth rate of sulfate, nitrate and ammonium during a haze episode (Case 2) was faster than that during a clean episode (CE), owing to exacerbated effects of PM2.5 acidity in the event of high relative humidity (RH) on hazy days. Finally, the detected significant correlations of [NO3−]/[SO42−] with [NH4+]/[SO42−] in conditions of abundant NH4+ indicate that NO3− in Shanghai is primarily formed through homogeneous reaction between ambient NH3 and HNO3. These findings provide new perspectives on our interpretation of PM2.5 acidity during haze episodes in megacities.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82786413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental context Amines in the atmosphere play important roles in atmospheric chemistry and have potential climate effects. We characterise the concentrations, size distributions and chemical pathways of aerosol aminiums over a coastal city and marginal seas, and estimated the contribution of marine biogenic sources. This study can facilitate our understanding about the interactions between human activities, biogenic emissions and the atmospheric environment. Abstract Atmospheric amines are gaining more and more attention in the field of atmospheric chemistry owing to their important roles in new particle formation and growth. In this study, aerosol aminiums over a coastal city (Shanghai) and the Yellow and East China seas (YECS) were characterised. The concentrations of NH4+, dimethylaminium (DMAH+) and trimethylaminium + diethylaminium (TMDEAH+) over Shanghai were all found to be higher in the winter of 2018 than in the summer of 2019, suggesting their non-negligible terrestrial contributions. DMAH+ and TMDEAH+ concentrations over the YECS in summer were closely correlated and linked to surface phytoplankton biomass, implying that marine biogenic sources might be a predominant contributor to aminiums at this time. Aminiums over Shanghai generally showed a bimodal distribution with a main peak in droplet mode and a secondary peak in condensation mode, suggesting the notable contribution of aqueous-phase or heterogeneous reaction to the formation of aminiums. In contrast, aminiums over the YECS often showed a unimodal distribution, which may be caused by the competition between amines and NH3 for reaction with acidic compounds. We estimated the contributions of marine biogenic sources, ~73.6 % to DMAH+ and 80.1 % to TMDEAH+ over the YECS, using methanesulfonate/non-sea-salt SO42– as an indicator. Our results suggest that marine biogenic emission of amines from China’s marginal seas may have a potential impact on coastal cities, and this source should be considered in modelling new particle formation and air quality in coastal areas.
{"title":"Different characteristics and source contributions to aerosol aminiums over a coastal city and adjacent marginal seas","authors":"Zongjun Xu, Shengqian Zhou, Yucheng Zhu, Ying Chen","doi":"10.1071/en21070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/en21070","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental context Amines in the atmosphere play important roles in atmospheric chemistry and have potential climate effects. We characterise the concentrations, size distributions and chemical pathways of aerosol aminiums over a coastal city and marginal seas, and estimated the contribution of marine biogenic sources. This study can facilitate our understanding about the interactions between human activities, biogenic emissions and the atmospheric environment. Abstract Atmospheric amines are gaining more and more attention in the field of atmospheric chemistry owing to their important roles in new particle formation and growth. In this study, aerosol aminiums over a coastal city (Shanghai) and the Yellow and East China seas (YECS) were characterised. The concentrations of NH4+, dimethylaminium (DMAH+) and trimethylaminium + diethylaminium (TMDEAH+) over Shanghai were all found to be higher in the winter of 2018 than in the summer of 2019, suggesting their non-negligible terrestrial contributions. DMAH+ and TMDEAH+ concentrations over the YECS in summer were closely correlated and linked to surface phytoplankton biomass, implying that marine biogenic sources might be a predominant contributor to aminiums at this time. Aminiums over Shanghai generally showed a bimodal distribution with a main peak in droplet mode and a secondary peak in condensation mode, suggesting the notable contribution of aqueous-phase or heterogeneous reaction to the formation of aminiums. In contrast, aminiums over the YECS often showed a unimodal distribution, which may be caused by the competition between amines and NH3 for reaction with acidic compounds. We estimated the contributions of marine biogenic sources, ~73.6 % to DMAH+ and 80.1 % to TMDEAH+ over the YECS, using methanesulfonate/non-sea-salt SO42– as an indicator. Our results suggest that marine biogenic emission of amines from China’s marginal seas may have a potential impact on coastal cities, and this source should be considered in modelling new particle formation and air quality in coastal areas.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84901179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental context Water soluble ions (WSIs) in aerosols, especially in marine secondary aerosols, can participate in the formation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the marine boundary layer, which can affect global climate. In our study, in-situ gas and aerosol compositions were analysed to explore the formation paths and forms of secondary aerosols in the Southern Ocean (SO) in summer. Our study provided novel data on these formation mechanisms of secondary aerosols in the SO, with potential impacts on our understanding of global climate change. Abstract Water-soluble ions (WSIs) in aerosols, especially marine secondary aerosols, may participate in the formation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the marine boundary layer and affect the global climate. However, there is still a lack of studies on the background concentrations and the formation mechanisms of marine secondary aerosols in polar areas. High time resolution concentrations of WSIs in aerosols were analysed by an in situ gas and aerosol composition monitoring system in the Southern Ocean (SO) to identify the formation of marine secondary aerosols including methanesulfonic acid (MSA), SO42− and NO3−. The average hourly mass concentration of WSIs was 663 ng m−3 and secondary aerosols accounted for 49.8 ± 20.2 % of the WSIs. SO42− and NO3− were mainly formed by homogeneous reaction, whereas homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions together contributed to the formation of MSA− in aerosols in the SO. The melting of sea ice and the increase of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration contributed to the formation of MSA−. MSA-Na, MSA-NH4+, MSA-SO42−, MSA-Mg, MSA-K and MSA-Cl existed in marine aerosols. Secondary inorganic aerosols existed mainly in the forms of NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4, Na2SO4 and MgSO4. The results enrich the data of WSI concentrations and formation mechanisms of secondary aerosols in the SO.
气溶胶尤其是海洋次生气溶胶中的水溶性离子(wsi)参与海洋边界层云凝结核(CCN)的形成，进而影响全球气候。本研究分析了南大洋夏季次生气溶胶的形成路径和形态，探讨了南大洋夏季次生气溶胶的成因。我们的研究为这些次生气溶胶在SO中的形成机制提供了新的数据，对我们对全球气候变化的理解有潜在的影响。气溶胶尤其是海洋次生气溶胶中的水溶性离子(wsi)可能参与海洋边界层云凝结核(CCN)的形成并影响全球气候。然而，目前对极地海洋次生气溶胶的背景浓度及其形成机制的研究还很缺乏。利用南大洋气体和气溶胶成分原位监测系统分析了气溶胶中wsi的高时间分辨率浓度，以确定海洋二次气溶胶包括甲烷磺酸(MSA)、SO42−和NO3−的形成。wsi的平均小时质量浓度为663 ng m−3，次生气溶胶占wsi的49.8±20.2%。SO42−和NO3−主要通过均相反应生成，而均相反应和非均相反应共同促进了SO中气溶胶中MSA−的生成。海冰的融化和叶绿素-a (Chl-a)浓度的增加是MSA−形成的主要原因。海洋气溶胶中存在MSA-Na、MSA-NH4+、MSA-SO42−、MSA-Mg、MSA-K和MSA-Cl。二次无机气溶胶主要以NH4NO3、(NH4)2SO4、Na2SO4和MgSO4的形式存在。研究结果丰富了大气中WSI浓度和二次气溶胶形成机制的数据。
{"title":"Formation of marine secondary aerosols in the Southern Ocean, Antarctica","authors":"Shanshan Wang, Jinpei Yan, Qi Lin, Miming Zhang, Suqing Xu, Shuhui Zhao, Meina Ruan","doi":"10.1071/en21068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/en21068","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental context Water soluble ions (WSIs) in aerosols, especially in marine secondary aerosols, can participate in the formation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the marine boundary layer, which can affect global climate. In our study, in-situ gas and aerosol compositions were analysed to explore the formation paths and forms of secondary aerosols in the Southern Ocean (SO) in summer. Our study provided novel data on these formation mechanisms of secondary aerosols in the SO, with potential impacts on our understanding of global climate change. Abstract Water-soluble ions (WSIs) in aerosols, especially marine secondary aerosols, may participate in the formation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the marine boundary layer and affect the global climate. However, there is still a lack of studies on the background concentrations and the formation mechanisms of marine secondary aerosols in polar areas. High time resolution concentrations of WSIs in aerosols were analysed by an in situ gas and aerosol composition monitoring system in the Southern Ocean (SO) to identify the formation of marine secondary aerosols including methanesulfonic acid (MSA), SO42− and NO3−. The average hourly mass concentration of WSIs was 663 ng m−3 and secondary aerosols accounted for 49.8 ± 20.2 % of the WSIs. SO42− and NO3− were mainly formed by homogeneous reaction, whereas homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions together contributed to the formation of MSA− in aerosols in the SO. The melting of sea ice and the increase of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration contributed to the formation of MSA−. MSA-Na, MSA-NH4+, MSA-SO42−, MSA-Mg, MSA-K and MSA-Cl existed in marine aerosols. Secondary inorganic aerosols existed mainly in the forms of NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4, Na2SO4 and MgSO4. The results enrich the data of WSI concentrations and formation mechanisms of secondary aerosols in the SO.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75023064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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