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Publication Note: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, Volume 6 Issue 2, June 2023 出版物:环境与规划E:自然与空间,第6卷第2期,2023年6月
2区 社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/25148486231193253
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引用次数: 0
Walking journeys into everyday climatic-affective atmospheres: The emotional labour of balancing grief and hope 走进日常气候-情感氛围的步行之旅:平衡悲伤与希望的情感劳动
IF 2.9 2区 社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-23 DOI: 10.1177/25148486231173202
P. Tschakert, Chantal Bourgault du Coudray, P. Horwitz
The postapocalypse as a mobilising discourse for climate action operates largely out of anger over experienced and anticipated injustices as well as paradoxical hope that fuses loss and grief with freed-up solidarities in support of liveable futures. However, negotiating this emotional tension can be both draining and isolating. Here, we examine how white settler populations in Western Australia balance grief and hope in places they hold dear and the role emotions such as sadness, worry, disappointment, joy, and pride play in relational place making. Through an innovative in situ and mobile methodology we call Walking Journeys, we trace how participants navigate their climatic-affective atmospheres and make sense of their agency in changing ‘Places of the Heart’. We find evidence for emotional complexities of solastalgia where pessimistic outlooks for the future are wrapped up in prefigurative visions of a better world. By holding the tension between paralysis and restoration, urban and rural residents explore affective co-existence and differential belonging in their homes and the landscapes around them. We highlight the challenge of enfranchising emotions beyond individuals and conclude by endorsing entangled, reflexive, and (re-)generative responsibilities for hopeful postapocalyptic journeying.
后启示录作为一种动员气候行动的话语,主要是出于对经历和预期的不公正的愤怒,以及自相矛盾的希望,将损失和悲伤与支持宜居未来的自由团结融合在一起。然而,处理这种情绪紧张可能会让人精疲力竭、孤立无援。在这里,我们研究了西澳大利亚的白人定居者如何在他们珍视的地方平衡悲伤和希望,以及悲伤、担忧、失望、快乐和骄傲等情绪在关系场所建立中的作用。通过一种创新的原地和移动方法,我们称之为步行之旅,我们追踪参与者如何驾驭他们的气候情感氛围,并在改变“心灵之地”时理解他们的代理。我们发现了太阳骨痛的情感复杂性的证据,对未来的悲观展望被一个更美好的世界的预示性愿景所包裹。城市居民和农村居民通过麻痹与恢复之间的张力,在他们的家园和周围的景观中探索情感的共存和差异归属。我们强调了超越个人的情感的挑战,并通过支持对充满希望的后世界末日之旅的纠缠,反射和(再)生成的责任来结束。
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引用次数: 0
The cene scene: Who gets to theorize global time and how do we center indigenous and black futurities? 现场场景:谁将全球时间理论化,我们如何将土著和黑人的未来作为中心?
IF 2.9 2区 社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.1177/25148486231173865
Andrew Curley, Sara Smith
The Anthropocene, Capitalocene, and Plantationocene are propositions for new ways of understanding the role of people on the planet. The theories hold that humans, capitalism, or the logica of plantation agriculture have so fundamentally reworked the world that we can demarcate these as new eras in the planet's history. In this article, we argue that these narratives privilege Eurocentric narratives of human history, failing to adequately engage Black and Indigenous scholarship and theorizations on the nature and origin of environmental change. We argue for scholars grappling with questions of environmental change to include Black and Indigenous scholarship, experience, and thought when theorizing new histories of the planet.
“人类世”、“资本世”和“种植园世”是理解人类在地球上的作用的新方法。这些理论认为,人类、资本主义或种植园农业的逻辑已经从根本上重塑了世界,我们可以将它们划分为地球历史上的新时代。在本文中,我们认为这些叙述赋予了欧洲中心的人类历史叙述特权,未能充分参与黑人和土著学者以及关于环境变化的性质和起源的理论。我们主张研究环境变化问题的学者在对地球的新历史进行理论化时,应将黑人和土著的学术研究、经验和思想纳入其中。
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引用次数: 2
The end of the experiment? The energy crisis, neoliberal energy, and the limits to a socio-ecological fix 实验结束了吗?能源危机,新自由主义能源,以及社会生态修复的局限性
IF 2.9 2区 社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-07 DOI: 10.1177/25148486231172844
Gareth Fearn
The present energy crisis is one which is rooted in the contradictions of the neoliberalisation of energy. The UK is one of the pioneers of energy neoliberalisation and has been experimenting with different market arrangements since the 1980s, yet has found itself particularly exposed to the impacts of a global energy price shock. Through an analysis of policy documents, regulatory reports and historical energy policy literature, I identify how privatisation, regulatory experiments and market engineering under a neoliberal policy paradigm helped to create the conditions for the present crisis. Drawing on Hall's conception of policy paradigms, I argue that the neoliberal policy paradigm, for energy, is locked in a cycle of interventions at the second order to manage the contradictions of the third order priority of securing privatised energy markets and maintain legitimacy for the neoliberal energy system. The current energy crisis has led to the government making increasingly extreme second order interventions to stabilise the energy system to secure the interests of electricity capital and fossil capital. The present crisis, however, exposes the limits to a socio-ecological fix (for people, and for capital) within neoliberal hegemony.
当前的能源危机根源于能源新自由主义化的矛盾。英国是能源新自由主义化的先驱之一,自上世纪80年代以来一直在试验不同的市场安排,但却发现自己特别容易受到全球能源价格冲击的影响。通过对政策文件、监管报告和历史能源政策文献的分析,我确定了新自由主义政策范式下的私有化、监管实验和市场工程是如何为当前的危机创造条件的。借鉴霍尔的政策范式概念,我认为,新自由主义的能源政策范式被锁定在一个干预的循环中,在第二级管理第三级优先保障私有化能源市场的矛盾,并保持新自由主义能源体系的合法性。当前的能源危机导致政府采取越来越极端的二级干预措施来稳定能源系统,以确保电力资本和化石资本的利益。然而,当前的危机暴露了新自由主义霸权内部(对人民和资本)社会生态修复的局限性。
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引用次数: 0
Social representations on the environment and socio-metabolic regimes: The case of the Spanish state 环境与社会代谢制度的社会表征:以西班牙为例
IF 2.9 2区 社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.1177/25148486231169208
Marina Requena-i-Mora
This article investigates the relationship between the socio-historical representation of the environment and socio-metabolic regimes in the case of the Spanish state. For this purpose, 70 interviews and three focus groups were conducted with different social actors. This qualitative study has been complemented by reconstructing per capita trends in the material footprint. The results show three differentiated regimes. First, before the 1960s, we found an era predominantly characterized by an agricultural economy, and the environment was understood as a source of livelihood. Material use was between 3 and 6 tons/capita/year. After the 1960s, economic modernization started, and natural resources were considered unlimited. The transition from an agrarian to an industrial socio-metabolic regime was inherently linked to a surge in material use per capita. In the 1980s, political modernization began, and the consumption of materials on average is currently between 14 and 27 tons/capita/year. However, when the material footprint has reached the highest amount, the environment is considered a product of economic growth and a post-material value. Post-materialism's historical and social specifics promote a social representation of the environment that hinges on separating lived practices from the environmental impacts these practices have produced. The resulting environmental concern may not benefit the environment. Conclusions highlight a need to rescue social representations of the environment that relate to the environmental impact of lifestyles.
本文研究了西班牙国家环境的社会历史表征与社会代谢制度之间的关系。为此,我们对不同的社会行动者进行了70次访谈和3个焦点小组。这一定性研究还通过重建材料足迹的人均趋势加以补充。结果显示出三种不同的状态。首先,在20世纪60年代之前,我们发现了一个以农业经济为主要特征的时代,环境被理解为生计的来源。人均年材料使用量在3 ~ 6吨之间。20世纪60年代以后,经济现代化开始,自然资源被认为是无限的。从农业到工业社会代谢体制的转变与人均物质使用的激增有着内在的联系。20世纪80年代开始政治现代化,目前人均物质消费在14 - 27吨/年之间。然而,当材料足迹达到最高值时,环境被认为是经济增长和后材料价值的产物。后唯物主义的历史和社会特征促进了环境的社会表征,这种表征取决于将生活实践与这些实践产生的环境影响分离开来。由此产生的环境问题可能对环境不利。结论强调有必要挽救与生活方式对环境的影响有关的环境的社会表征。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction: Accumulation by restoration and political ecologies of repair 绪论:修复积累与修复的政治生态
IF 2.9 2区 社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-04-25 DOI: 10.1177/25148486231168393
A. Huff, Andrea Brock
Accumulation by Restoration (AbR) represents a shift from a conservationist ‘mode of production’ emphasizing sustainability and preservation to a ‘growth economy of repair’ in which nature becomes valued not just for its use but also for its potential for repair or restoration. The ‘repair mode’ mobilizes the assumption, imagery and mythology of degradation juxtaposed with the promise of economic and ecological redemption. Through rationalization, restoration, re-creation and/or re-cultivation, it aims to generate new, better-disciplined, more legible, ‘substitutable’ natures to multiple accumulative ends. Bridging political ecology, critical agrarian studies and science and technology studies, contributions to this themed issue explore transformations associated with AbR at across scales and involving variegated alliances, discourses, technologies and institutional dynamics giving rise to ecologies of repair. We demonstrate how the dynamics and contradictions of the repair mode are mediated and enacted through the performative, spectacular and metrological rendering of ‘mitigation’, ‘equivalence’, ‘neutrality’ and ‘repair’ as instruments and object, simultaneous means and ends. These dynamics have given rise to new materialities and technologies of governance and new intensities and spatialities of resource control and accumulation, as what were consequences of growth have become strategic goals and the foundation of a new growth economy.
恢复积累(AbR)代表了从强调可持续性和保护的保护主义“生产模式”向“修复增长经济”的转变,在这种模式下,自然不仅因其使用而受到重视,而且因其修复或恢复的潜力而受到重视。“修复模式”将退化的假设、意象和神话与经济和生态救赎的承诺并置于一起。通过合理化、恢复、再创造和/或再培养,它旨在产生新的、更有纪律的、更清晰的、“可替代的”自然,以达到多重累积的目的。连接政治生态学、批判性农业研究和科学技术研究,对这一主题问题的贡献探索了与AbR相关的跨尺度的转变,涉及各种联盟、话语、技术和制度动态,从而产生了修复生态。我们展示了修复模式的动态和矛盾是如何通过“缓解”、“等效”、“中立”和“修复”作为工具和对象、同时的手段和目的的表演性、壮观性和计量性的呈现来调解和制定的。这些动态产生了治理的新材料和技术,以及资源控制和积累的新强度和新空间,因为增长的后果已成为战略目标和新增长经济的基础。
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引用次数: 2
Deviant accumulation at farmed animal sanctuaries 养殖动物保护区异常堆积
IF 2.9 2区 社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.1177/25148486231167870
Heather L. Rosenfeld
In much of Western society, animals such as chickens are considered commodities. As such, they are bred and raised to produce eggs, meat, and entertainment. Farmed animal sanctuaries challenge this status quo by rescuing, rehabilitating, and caring for these animals. In so doing, sanctuaries implicitly and often explicitly challenge chickens’ and other farmed animals’ status as commodities. What does decommodification entail? How do we get from capitalist lively commodities to other interactions with living beings? Drawing on mixed methods ethnographic fieldwork, this paper theorizes the decommodification process, elaborating the more-than-capitalist political economy of chicken rescue and sanctuary. I make the case that the political economic work of sanctuaries begins, though occasionally tragically ends, with processes akin to hoarding. In turn, I suggest that we think of hoarding less stigmatically and more in terms of political economy, as deviant accumulation. Building on Marx's understanding of hoarding as a process of accumulating without exchanging, deviant accumulation is accumulation that challenges capitalocentric norms. As such, by taking animals out of a system of exchange value, all sanctuaries practice deviant accumulation. Deviant accumulation thus becomes a practice that is potentially radically anti-capitalist: a practice from which different and non-anthropocentric values can emerge. I explicate the concept of deviant accumulation, how sanctuaries practice it, and to what ends.
在许多西方社会,像鸡这样的动物被认为是商品。因此,它们被饲养和饲养来生产蛋、肉和娱乐。养殖动物保护区通过拯救、康复和照顾这些动物来挑战这一现状。在这样做的过程中,保护区含蓄地、经常明确地挑战了鸡和其他养殖动物作为商品的地位。分解需要什么?我们如何从资本主义的有活力的商品过渡到与生物的其他互动?利用混合方法的民族志田野调查,本文将分解过程理论化,详细阐述了鸡的拯救和庇护的超越资本主义的政治经济学。我认为,避难所的政治经济工作始于类似囤积的过程,尽管偶尔也会以悲剧告终。反过来,我建议我们不要把囤积看作是一种耻辱,而应该更多地从政治经济学的角度来看待,将其视为一种反常的积累。根据马克思对囤积的理解,囤积是一种没有交换的积累过程,越轨积累是一种挑战资本主义中心规范的积累。因此,通过将动物从交换价值体系中剔除,所有保护区都在进行越轨积累。因此,不正常的积累成为一种潜在的激进反资本主义的做法:一种不同的、非人类中心主义的价值观可以从中出现的做法。我解释了越轨积累的概念,圣殿如何实践它,以及达到什么目的。
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引用次数: 0
Complexities of multispecies coexistence: Animal diseases and diverging modes of ordering at the wildlife–livestock interface in Southern Africa 多物种共存的复杂性:非洲南部野生动物-牲畜界面的动物疾病和不同的排序模式
IF 2.9 2区 社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.1177/25148486231160637
Arvid van Dam, Wisse van Engelen, Detlef Müller-Mahn, Sheila Agha, S. Junglen, C. Borgemeister, M. Bollig
The transmission of diseases between wildlife and livestock poses a major challenge to both conservation and livestock sectors in Southern Africa. Focusing on the cases of foot and mouth disease and trypanosomiasis in the Kavango–Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area, this article explores the complexity of coexistence between humans, livestock, wildlife, vectors and pathogens. Multispecies coexistence, we suggest, is best understood not only through the relations between species, but also as characterized by a collision of modes of ordering. Drawing on expert interviews and a discourse analysis of policy documents and reports, we identify three modes of ordering coexistence: a categorical and increasingly disfavoured mode of species eradication, a territorial mode focused on containment and separation, and an infrastructural mode premised on connectivity between populations, landscapes and ecosystems. Together, these different modes of ordering pose a challenge to scientific knowledge production; where uncertainties present themselves not so much in the form of ignorance or knowledge gaps, but rather in the form of ambiguity: of knowing diseases and species differently. In this view, living with pathogens becomes a matter of recognizing the partiality of knowledge and the positionality of knowledge producers and users, as well as highlighting potential sites of alignment.
野生动物和牲畜之间的疾病传播对南部非洲的保护和牲畜部门构成了重大挑战。本文以卡万戈-赞比西跨境保护区的口蹄疫和锥虫病病例为研究对象,探讨了人类、牲畜、野生动物、病媒和病原体共存的复杂性。多物种共存,我们认为,最好的理解不仅是通过物种之间的关系,而且作为一个特征的碰撞模式的排序。通过专家访谈和对政策文件和报告的话语分析,我们确定了三种有序共存的模式:一种分类且日益不受欢迎的物种根除模式,一种专注于遏制和分离的领土模式,以及一种以人口、景观和生态系统之间的连通性为前提的基础设施模式。总之,这些不同的排序模式对科学知识的生产构成了挑战;不确定性不是以无知或知识空白的形式出现的,而是以模棱两可的形式出现的:对疾病和物种的不同认识。在这种观点中,与病原体一起生活是一个认识到知识的偏颇性和知识生产者和使用者的位置性以及突出潜在的一致地点的问题。
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引用次数: 2
Mapping the catastrophic imaginaryThe organisation of environmental politics through climate change 描绘灾难性的想象通过气候变化组织环境政治
IF 2.9 2区 社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.1177/25148486231168395
Nicholas Beuret
Stories about the end of the world continue to pile up daily. There isn’t any sense of respite from the litany of horrors we are presented with. The eerie atmosphere of ecological catastrophe colonises our political imaginations. Understanding how we collectively imagine the end of the world, and thus how we understand what is happening, why and how, as well as what we must and can do, is politically crucial. The vast tapestry of environmental crises makes the role of the imagination central; not only in terms of being able to know the crises, but in setting out what is concretely possible and what is cruel fantasy. This paper sets out to map the imaginary of ecological catastrophe as drawn from the body of non-fiction literature that fuels much contemporary environmental activism in the Global North. Taking up the work of a series of environmental writer-activists in order to outline the various refrains that comprise the core of the eco-catastrophic imaginary, I aim to sketch how the slow violence of the present is being narrated as a political event, and what possibilities for averting disaster appear possible. It is the argument of this paper that how we collectively imagine the cacophony of environmental disasters presently unfolding shapes the field of political action.
关于世界末日的故事每天都在不断增多。我们面对的一连串恐怖事件没有任何喘息的感觉。生态灾难的诡异气氛占据了我们的政治想象。了解我们如何共同想象世界末日,从而了解我们如何理解正在发生的事情、原因和方式,以及我们必须和能够做什么,在政治上至关重要。环境危机纷繁复杂,想象力的作用至关重要;不仅在于能够了解危机,还在于确定哪些是具体可能的,哪些是残酷的幻想。本文从非虚构文学作品中描绘了生态灾难的想象,这些非虚构文学作品在全球北方推动了许多当代环境行动主义。为了概述构成生态灾难想象核心的各种各样的限制,我接下了一系列环境作家活动家的工作,我的目标是概述当前缓慢的暴力是如何被描述为一个政治事件的,以及避免灾难的可能性是什么。本文的论点是,我们如何共同想象目前正在展开的环境灾难的不和谐,塑造了政治行动的领域。
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引用次数: 0
Theme issue introduction: The species turn in Indian identity politics 主题议题简介:印度身份政治中的物种转向
IF 2.9 2区 社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-04-10 DOI: 10.1177/25148486231167867
Y. Narayanan, K. Srinivasan
Animals are instrumentalised as symbols, objects, and commodities in the construction of diverse subaltern and elite human identities and identity politics in India, through their imposed identification with various human groups, with enduring implications for animal and human (in)justice and wellbeing. Species, as itself as an axis of social difference, and therefore of identity, however, has hitherto rarely been considered as a core facet of identity politics in Indian political life, despite its central role in shaping the inclusions and exclusions that characterise society. This Theme Issue aims to open the space for animal identities to become political, allowing for a critical multispecies politics of identity. To this end, it asks: In what ways can animals be centred as a core part of democratic political life? What are the consequences of doing so? In other words, what opportunities or concerns emerge with the institutionalization of species difference as an identity category? And last, in what ways does a multispecies approach to identity politics impact the analysis of (in)justice in its varied forms in contemporary India and beyond?
在印度,通过对不同人类群体的强制认同,动物被工具化为各种底层和精英人类身份和身份政治的象征、对象和商品,对动物和人类的正义和福祉有着持久的影响。然而,物种本身作为社会差异和身份的轴心,迄今为止很少被认为是印度政治生活中身份政治的核心方面,尽管它在塑造社会特征的包容和排斥方面发挥了核心作用。本期《主题议题》旨在为动物身份的政治化打开空间,允许一种重要的多物种身份政治。为此,它提出了这样的问题:动物如何才能成为民主政治生活的核心部分?这样做的后果是什么?换句话说,随着物种差异作为一种身份范畴的制度化,出现了什么机会或问题?最后,在当代印度和其他国家,多物种的身份政治方法以何种方式影响了对各种形式的正义的分析?
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引用次数: 0
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