Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.56964/pidspj20181902005
Jenna Angela Rubio
Leptospirosis is endemic worldwide. Based on the 2016 Philippine Pediatric Society Disease Registry, there were 800 cases of leptospirosis from May 2006 to August 2016, making it a significant public health concern. Case fatality rate is about 8-9%, with increased prevalence of the disease among adults and adolescents. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of public health education through a lecture on improving the knowledge, attitude, and practice scores on leptospirosis among adolescents from grades 7-10 in a public school in Manila. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional analytical study. A pre-tested, self administered questionnaire was given among 357 students in a public school in Intramuros, Manila. A lecture regarding leptospirosis was conducted and a post-test was given afterwards. Data was analyzed using paired t-test. Results: A total of 357 students were included, with an 88.37% response rate. Total mean pre-test knowledge score was 88.64%, and total mean pre-test attitude score was 80.97%. For practices related to leptospirosis, the total mean pre-test score was 72.12%. Pre-test knowledge scores were compared with post-test scores. After the lecture, there was a significant increase in their knowledge on leptospirosis (p=<0.0001). There was also an improvement on post-test scores on attitude and practices regarding leptospirosis (p=<0.0001). Conclusion: Public health education through a lecture was effective in increasing the knowledge, attitude, and practice scores on leptospirosis among adolescents. This may help in the prevention of the disease in the adolescent population.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Public Health Education by Lecture on Improving the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices on Leptospirosis Among Adolescents in a Public School in Manila","authors":"Jenna Angela Rubio","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20181902005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20181902005","url":null,"abstract":"Leptospirosis is endemic worldwide. Based on the 2016 Philippine Pediatric Society Disease Registry, there were 800 cases of leptospirosis from May 2006 to August 2016, making it a significant public health concern. Case fatality rate is about 8-9%, with increased prevalence of the disease among adults and adolescents. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of public health education through a lecture on improving the knowledge, attitude, and practice scores on leptospirosis among adolescents from grades 7-10 in a public school in Manila. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional analytical study. A pre-tested, self administered questionnaire was given among 357 students in a public school in Intramuros, Manila. A lecture regarding leptospirosis was conducted and a post-test was given afterwards. Data was analyzed using paired t-test. Results: A total of 357 students were included, with an 88.37% response rate. Total mean pre-test knowledge score was 88.64%, and total mean pre-test attitude score was 80.97%. For practices related to leptospirosis, the total mean pre-test score was 72.12%. Pre-test knowledge scores were compared with post-test scores. After the lecture, there was a significant increase in their knowledge on leptospirosis (p=<0.0001). There was also an improvement on post-test scores on attitude and practices regarding leptospirosis (p=<0.0001). Conclusion: Public health education through a lecture was effective in increasing the knowledge, attitude, and practice scores on leptospirosis among adolescents. This may help in the prevention of the disease in the adolescent population.","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129652849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.56964/pidspj20181902001
Arlene Dy-Co
This issue celebrates the Silver Anniversary of Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines (PIDSP), the owner of this journal. For an organization to endure 25 years and be as relevant in the now as it was at its inception is a feat. To be more relevant and more valuable in its Silver year is an honor.
{"title":"Silver Lining","authors":"Arlene Dy-Co","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20181902001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20181902001","url":null,"abstract":"This issue celebrates the Silver Anniversary of Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines (PIDSP), the owner of this journal. For an organization to endure 25 years and be as relevant in the now as it was at its inception is a feat. To be more relevant and more valuable in its Silver year is an honor.","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127264034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.56964/pidspj20181902009
None
没有一个
{"title":"PPS-PIDSP-PFV Childhood Immunization Schedule 2018","authors":"","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20181902009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20181902009","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>None</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126114019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.56964/pidspj20181902006
Andy Panes, Cherry May Villar, M. A. Madrid
Background: The treatment of pediatric cancer has advanced dramatically. With the discovery of newer, more potent chemotherapeutic agents, patients are confronted with severe and prolonged degrees of neutropenia, which has inherent consequences. Objective: The study aimed to determine common microbial isolates and predictors of severe outcome of pediatric cancer patients with febrile neutropenia aged 0-18 years old admitted at a tertiary hospital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on pediatric cancer patients with febrile neutropenia admitted at the Philippine Children’s Medical Center from March 1,2017 to September 30,2017.The clinical presentations of subjects were noted. Patients were categorized as to the presence or absence of severe outcomes. Common microbial isolates were noted. Predictors of severe outcome were identified using stepwise logistic regression analysis. Results: Out of 105 enrolled patients, 32 developed severe outcomes. The most common isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae followed by Escherichia coli and Candida species. Univariate analysis showed that acute myelogenous leukemia (p-value: 0.0195), treatment relapse (p-value: 0.0131), ANC on admission 7 days during admission (p-value: 0.0001), non-response to empiric antibiotics (pvalue:0.0001), microbiologically-defined infection (MDI, p-value: 0.0001), fever without a focus p-value:0.001), bloodstream infection (p-value: 0.0192), unknown focus of infection (p-value: 0.0058), and a positive culture (p-value: 0.0001) were related to a severe outcome. None of these predictive variables, however, were statistically significant on multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: K. pneumoniae, E. coli and Candida were the predominant organisms identified in febrile neutropenic cancer patients in our institution. Although AML, treatment relapse, profound neutropenia, fever of >7 days during admission, nonresponse to empiric antibiotics, MDI, fever without a focus, bloodstream infection, unknown focus of infection and a positive culture were related to a severe outcome, multivariate regression analysis did not show these to be significant.
{"title":"Microbiologic Profile and Predictors of Severe Outcome of Pediatric Cancer with Febrile Neutropenia Admitted at a Tertiary Medical Center","authors":"Andy Panes, Cherry May Villar, M. A. Madrid","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20181902006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20181902006","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The treatment of pediatric cancer has advanced dramatically. With the discovery of newer, more potent chemotherapeutic agents, patients are confronted with severe and prolonged degrees of neutropenia, which has inherent consequences. Objective: The study aimed to determine common microbial isolates and predictors of severe outcome of pediatric cancer patients with febrile neutropenia aged 0-18 years old admitted at a tertiary hospital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on pediatric cancer patients with febrile neutropenia admitted at the Philippine Children’s Medical Center from March 1,2017 to September 30,2017.The clinical presentations of subjects were noted. Patients were categorized as to the presence or absence of severe outcomes. Common microbial isolates were noted. Predictors of severe outcome were identified using stepwise logistic regression analysis. Results: Out of 105 enrolled patients, 32 developed severe outcomes. The most common isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae followed by Escherichia coli and Candida species. Univariate analysis showed that acute myelogenous leukemia (p-value: 0.0195), treatment relapse (p-value: 0.0131), ANC on admission 7 days during admission (p-value: 0.0001), non-response to empiric antibiotics (pvalue:0.0001), microbiologically-defined infection (MDI, p-value: 0.0001), fever without a focus p-value:0.001), bloodstream infection (p-value: 0.0192), unknown focus of infection (p-value: 0.0058), and a positive culture (p-value: 0.0001) were related to a severe outcome. None of these predictive variables, however, were statistically significant on multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: K. pneumoniae, E. coli and Candida were the predominant organisms identified in febrile neutropenic cancer patients in our institution. Although AML, treatment relapse, profound neutropenia, fever of >7 days during admission, nonresponse to empiric antibiotics, MDI, fever without a focus, bloodstream infection, unknown focus of infection and a positive culture were related to a severe outcome, multivariate regression analysis did not show these to be significant.","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125950389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.56964/pidspj20181902003
Maribel D. Pasaoa
Background: Infective Endocarditis (IE) is an infection of the endocardial surface of the heart. It remains a life threatening infection among extremes of ages and erroneous or late diagnosis may lead to serious consequences. Objective: To determine the clinical profile and treatment outcomes of pediatric patients with IE admitted in a pediatric medical center. Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study on pediatric patients (0-18 years old) diagnosed with IE from January 2005 to June 2016. Patients’ medical records that satisfied the criteria for IE based on Modified Duke Criteria were included in the study. Results: A total of 37 charts were reviewed with male to female ratio of 1:1. Most common chief complaint and physical finding were difficulty of breathing and tachycardia,respectively.Cardiac murmur was appreciated upon diagnosis except in one patient. 70% had ventricular septal defect and 24% had rheumatic heart disease. Most common associated non-cardiac condition was the presence of dental caries, while only 11% had history of previous cardiac surgeries. 2-Dimensional Echocardiography (2D-Echo) showed vegetation in 97.2% and 49% had positive growth in blood culture. Most common isolate was Streptococci. Empiric therapy included penicillin G (84%) with gentamicin (76%). Complications noted were brain infarct,pericarditis and pulmonary embolism. Majority were managed medically, 7 patients (19%) had vegetectomy and 9(24%)died during hospitalization. Conclusion: IE is a common complication of congenital heart disease.High index of suspicion is warranted for the early management and prevention of morbidity and mortality.
{"title":"Profile and Treatment Outcome of Patients with Infective Endocarditis Admitted in a Pediatric Medical Center From 2005-2016","authors":"Maribel D. Pasaoa","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20181902003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20181902003","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infective Endocarditis (IE) is an infection of the endocardial surface of the heart. It remains a life threatening infection among extremes of ages and erroneous or late diagnosis may lead to serious consequences. Objective: To determine the clinical profile and treatment outcomes of pediatric patients with IE admitted in a pediatric medical center. Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study on pediatric patients (0-18 years old) diagnosed with IE from January 2005 to June 2016. Patients’ medical records that satisfied the criteria for IE based on Modified Duke Criteria were included in the study. Results: A total of 37 charts were reviewed with male to female ratio of 1:1. Most common chief complaint and physical finding were difficulty of breathing and tachycardia,respectively.Cardiac murmur was appreciated upon diagnosis except in one patient. 70% had ventricular septal defect and 24% had rheumatic heart disease. Most common associated non-cardiac condition was the presence of dental caries, while only 11% had history of previous cardiac surgeries. 2-Dimensional Echocardiography (2D-Echo) showed vegetation in 97.2% and 49% had positive growth in blood culture. Most common isolate was Streptococci. Empiric therapy included penicillin G (84%) with gentamicin (76%). Complications noted were brain infarct,pericarditis and pulmonary embolism. Majority were managed medically, 7 patients (19%) had vegetectomy and 9(24%)died during hospitalization. Conclusion: IE is a common complication of congenital heart disease.High index of suspicion is warranted for the early management and prevention of morbidity and mortality.","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114629825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.56964/pidspj20181902008
M. Crisostomo, Karen Lee P Alabado, M. Lacuesta-Gutierrez
We report a case of an 11-year-old girl who presented with a gradually enlarging verrucous plaque on the left knee for 3 years. Physical examination showed a solitary, slightly erythematous, scaly, verrucous plaque on the left knee measuring about 1.5 cm x 2 cm. Biopsy revealed granulomatous dermatitis consistent with cutaneous tuberculosis. A diagnosis of tuberculosis verrucosa cutis (TBVC) was made and anti-tuberculous therapy was initiated consisting of rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for 2 months followed by rifampicin and isoniazid for 4 months. Upon completion of therapy, only a slightly atrophic scar remained, supporting our diagnosis. This report highlights TBVC must be considered in patients with chronic skin lesions in countries with high prevalence of tuberculosis.
我们报告一例11岁的女孩谁提出逐渐扩大的疣状斑块在左膝3年。体格检查显示左膝上有一个单发、微红斑、鳞状、疣状斑块，大小约1.5 cm × 2 cm。活检显示肉芽肿性皮炎与皮肤结核一致。诊断为皮肤疣状结核(TBVC)，开始用利福平、异烟肼、吡嗪酰胺和乙胺丁醇抗结核治疗2个月，随后用利福平和异烟肼治疗4个月。治疗结束后，只剩下一个轻微萎缩的疤痕，支持我们的诊断。本报告强调，在结核病高流行国家，慢性皮肤病变患者必须考虑TBVC。
{"title":"Tuberculosis Verrucosa Cutis in an 11-year-old girl: A Case Report","authors":"M. Crisostomo, Karen Lee P Alabado, M. Lacuesta-Gutierrez","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20181902008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20181902008","url":null,"abstract":"We report a case of an 11-year-old girl who presented with a gradually enlarging verrucous plaque on the left knee for 3 years. Physical examination showed a solitary, slightly erythematous, scaly, verrucous plaque on the left knee measuring about 1.5 cm x 2 cm. Biopsy revealed granulomatous dermatitis consistent with cutaneous tuberculosis. A diagnosis of tuberculosis verrucosa cutis (TBVC) was made and anti-tuberculous therapy was initiated consisting of rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for 2 months followed by rifampicin and isoniazid for 4 months. Upon completion of therapy, only a slightly atrophic scar remained, supporting our diagnosis. This report highlights TBVC must be considered in patients with chronic skin lesions in countries with high prevalence of tuberculosis.","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"65 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114102520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.56964/pidspj20181902007
Anne Melva V. Meliton-Ruiz, Robert Garcia
Objective: This paper looked into the outcome of currently used antibiotic regimens for neonatal sepsis in a tertiary hospital. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed all cases of culture positive neonatal sepsis delivered in a tertiary hospital between January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2015. Demographic profile, stratification as to early-onset and late-onset sepsis, clinical manifestations, culture and antimicrobial susceptibility results, and outcomes were analyzed. Results: There were 28 cases of culture positive neonatal sepsis reported during the study period, and prematurity and low birth weight were the major risk factors identified. Of these, 8 were early-onset sepsis and 20 were late-onset sepsis cases. Respiratory symptoms were the most common presenting manifestations. Sepsis isolates were evenly distributed between gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci with no ESBL E. coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae identified. The institution’s current empiric antibiotic regimen of cefuroxime and amikacin for early-onset neonatal sepsis was shifted to another drug in 57% of cases. Piperacillintazobactam or carbapenem was given for late-onset sepsis. The addition of vancomycin for late-onset sepsis was done where Staphylococcus was considered. Sepsis due to gram-negative bacilli had a high mortality rate. Conclusion: Our institution’s empiric antibiotic regimen which consists of cefuroxime and amikacin for early onset sepsis is effective in 43% of cases. A carbapenem or piperacillin-tazobactam, even without amikacin, proved to be effective for late-onset sepsis. Vancomycin, should be considered for late-onset sepsis, if staphyloccoccal disease is suspected.
{"title":"Outcome of Current Antibiotic Regimens used for Neonatal Sepsis in a Tertiary Hospital","authors":"Anne Melva V. Meliton-Ruiz, Robert Garcia","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20181902007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20181902007","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This paper looked into the outcome of currently used antibiotic regimens for neonatal sepsis in a tertiary hospital. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed all cases of culture positive neonatal sepsis delivered in a tertiary hospital between January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2015. Demographic profile, stratification as to early-onset and late-onset sepsis, clinical manifestations, culture and antimicrobial susceptibility results, and outcomes were analyzed. Results: There were 28 cases of culture positive neonatal sepsis reported during the study period, and prematurity and low birth weight were the major risk factors identified. Of these, 8 were early-onset sepsis and 20 were late-onset sepsis cases. Respiratory symptoms were the most common presenting manifestations. Sepsis isolates were evenly distributed between gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci with no ESBL E. coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae identified. The institution’s current empiric antibiotic regimen of cefuroxime and amikacin for early-onset neonatal sepsis was shifted to another drug in 57% of cases. Piperacillintazobactam or carbapenem was given for late-onset sepsis. The addition of vancomycin for late-onset sepsis was done where Staphylococcus was considered. Sepsis due to gram-negative bacilli had a high mortality rate. Conclusion: Our institution’s empiric antibiotic regimen which consists of cefuroxime and amikacin for early onset sepsis is effective in 43% of cases. A carbapenem or piperacillin-tazobactam, even without amikacin, proved to be effective for late-onset sepsis. Vancomycin, should be considered for late-onset sepsis, if staphyloccoccal disease is suspected.","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124810269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.56964/pidspj20181901004
Jillianne Pardo, Kristin Mendoza, J. Wong, N. None
Background: Vaccination is a cost-effective primary preventive measure against infectious diseases. However, protection for specific diseases may wane over time. The National Immunization Program was launched to improve vaccine coverage but despite this, some countries including the Philippines have erratic vaccine coverage. Objective: To determine the compliance to the National Immunization Program of Grade 1 students in a public elementary school Methodology: The study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional design. Simple random sampling of students enrolled in first grade for A.Y. 2017-2018 was done to determine the study respondents. Primary and secondary data were obtained through a pretested structured questionnaire with interview of the students’ caregiver and verification via the students’ immunization records. Compliance to immunization was correlated with the subjects’ age, birth rank, primary caregiver and socio-demographic profile of the caregiver, place of birth and place of vaccination. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression was used to assess factors for increased vaccination compliance. Results: Most respondents had their mothers as primary caregivers. Majority were institutional deliveries and immunized at a health center. Mean compliance to vaccination was 69%. Among the factors, only place of birth, specifically, hospital delivery, was associated with increased compliance to vaccination (OR = 0.3312, 90% CI 0.1496 to 0.7333, p value 0.0064). Subjects whose primary caregivers were the mothers and whose parents had higher educational attainment or were both employed were shown to have higher vaccination compliance, although this was not statistically significant. Vaccination coverage was observed to decrease over time as the subjects grew older. Most common reasons cited for missing vaccinations were vaccine unavailability (68%), financial constraints 46%), and lack of information (40%). Conclusion: Compliance to vaccination in this study was 69% and is affected by multiple factors. Policymakers and stakeholders should address these barriers to improve vaccination coverage and overall health status.
背景:疫苗接种是一种具有成本效益的预防传染病的初级措施。然而，对特定疾病的保护可能会随着时间的推移而减弱。启动了国家免疫规划以提高疫苗覆盖率，但尽管如此，包括菲律宾在内的一些国家的疫苗覆盖率仍不稳定。目的:了解某公立小学一年级学生对国家免疫规划的依从性。方法:采用描述性横断面设计。我们对2017-2018学年一年级的学生进行了简单的随机抽样，以确定研究对象。主要和次要数据通过预先测试的结构化问卷获得，其中包括对学生照顾者的访谈，并通过学生免疫记录进行验证。免疫依从性与受试者的年龄、出生等级、主要照顾者和照顾者的社会人口特征、出生地点和接种地点相关。使用描述性统计分析数据，并使用逻辑回归评估提高疫苗接种依从性的因素。结果:大多数受访者的母亲是主要照顾者。大多数是在医院分娩并在保健中心接种疫苗。疫苗接种的平均依从率为69%。在这些因素中，只有出生地点，特别是医院分娩，与疫苗接种依从性增加有关(OR = 0.3312, 90% CI 0.1496至0.7333,p值0.0064)。主要照顾者为母亲、父母受教育程度较高或双方都有工作的受试者显示出更高的疫苗接种依从性，尽管这没有统计学意义。随着年龄的增长，疫苗接种覆盖率会随着时间的推移而下降。错过疫苗接种的最常见原因是无法获得疫苗(68%)、财政限制(46%)和缺乏信息(40%)。结论:本研究的疫苗接种率为69%，受多种因素影响。决策者和利益攸关方应解决这些障碍，以改善疫苗接种覆盖率和总体健康状况。
{"title":"Compliance to the National Immunization Program: A Review of Immunization Records of Grade 1 Students in a Public Elementary School in Manila for the Academic Year 2017-2018","authors":"Jillianne Pardo, Kristin Mendoza, J. Wong, N. None","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20181901004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20181901004","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vaccination is a cost-effective primary preventive measure against infectious diseases. However, protection for specific diseases may wane over time. The National Immunization Program was launched to improve vaccine coverage but despite this, some countries including the Philippines have erratic vaccine coverage. Objective: To determine the compliance to the National Immunization Program of Grade 1 students in a public elementary school Methodology: The study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional design. Simple random sampling of students enrolled in first grade for A.Y. 2017-2018 was done to determine the study respondents. Primary and secondary data were obtained through a pretested structured questionnaire with interview of the students’ caregiver and verification via the students’ immunization records. Compliance to immunization was correlated with the subjects’ age, birth rank, primary caregiver and socio-demographic profile of the caregiver, place of birth and place of vaccination. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression was used to assess factors for increased vaccination compliance. Results: Most respondents had their mothers as primary caregivers. Majority were institutional deliveries and immunized at a health center. Mean compliance to vaccination was 69%. Among the factors, only place of birth, specifically, hospital delivery, was associated with increased compliance to vaccination (OR = 0.3312, 90% CI 0.1496 to 0.7333, p value 0.0064). Subjects whose primary caregivers were the mothers and whose parents had higher educational attainment or were both employed were shown to have higher vaccination compliance, although this was not statistically significant. Vaccination coverage was observed to decrease over time as the subjects grew older. Most common reasons cited for missing vaccinations were vaccine unavailability (68%), financial constraints 46%), and lack of information (40%). Conclusion: Compliance to vaccination in this study was 69% and is affected by multiple factors. Policymakers and stakeholders should address these barriers to improve vaccination coverage and overall health status.","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115413506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.56964/pidspj20181901006
M. Pérez, Francisco E. Anacleto
Background: The coexistence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in sepsis contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality rates. Traditional diagnostic markers still pose variable limitations in early AKI prediction. The use of renal angina index (RAI) as a clinical predictive tool for AKI is an emerging concept. Objectives: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of RAI in predicting AKI in patients with sepsis Methodology: This is a five-year retrospective cohort study conducted at the Philippine General Hospital (PGH). Records of eligible patients with sepsis were reviewed. RAI was calculated based on the composite of risk factors and clinical evidence of injury on day 0 of admission stratifying subjects into two groups: RAI (-) and RAI (+) for those with scores ≥ 8. Prediction of AKI with the RAI was analyzed. Results: A total of 222 patients were enrolled. The RAI (+) group (score ≥ 8) consisted 95 patients (43%). AKI incidence rate was 40.5 % (90/222) and 87/90 patients (91.6%) were classified in the RAI (+) group. The use of RAI in predicting AKI has a sensitivity of 96.7%, specificity of 94.0%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 91.6%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 97.7%, positive likelihood ratio (LR) of 15.95, negative LR of 0.04 and area under the curve-receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC) of 0.953 (95% CI 0.92-0.98). Conclusions: RAI is a good screening tool in predicting sepsis-associated AKI among pediatric patients. It provides early recognition of AKI and is a practical method which can be used at bedside.
背景:脓毒症并发急性肾损伤(AKI)对脓毒症的发病率和死亡率有重要影响。传统的诊断标记在早期AKI预测中仍然存在不同的局限性。肾性心绞痛指数(RAI)作为AKI的临床预测工具是一个新兴的概念。目的:确定RAI在预测败血症患者AKI中的诊断准确性方法:这是一项在菲律宾总医院(PGH)进行的为期五年的回顾性队列研究。回顾了符合条件的脓毒症患者的记录。根据入院第0天的危险因素和损伤临床证据的综合计算RAI，将评分≥8分的受试者分为两组:RAI(-)和RAI(+)。分析了RAI对AKI的预测。结果:共纳入222例患者。RAI(+)组(评分≥8)95例(43%)。AKI发生率为40.5% (90/222)，RAI(+)组87/90(91.6%)。RAI预测AKI的敏感性为96.7%，特异性为94.0%，阳性预测值(PPV)为91.6%，阴性预测值(NPV)为97.7%，阳性似然比(LR)为15.95，阴性LR为0.04，曲线下面积-受试者工作特征(AUC-ROC)为0.953 (95% CI 0.92-0.98)。结论:RAI是预测儿童败血症相关AKI的良好筛查工具。它提供了AKI的早期识别，是一种实用的方法，可以在床边使用。
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Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1542/PEDS.144.2_MEETINGABSTRACT.699
Grazielle S. Verzosa, Mary Yu, Kathlynne Anne Abat-Senen, Maria Isabel O. Quilendrino
Abstract Background: Neonatal sepsis complicated with neutropenia increases risk of mortality by 50%. The immature neutrophil production of neonates is often overwhelmed by severe infection. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), a naturally occurring cytokine used to support neutrophil recovery during chemotherapy, is a possible treatment that can improve outcomes of neonatal sepsis. Objectives: To determine the efficacy of G-CSF in decreasing mortality and morbidity in septic neonates. Methodology: Electronic searches were conducted on online journal databases. Unpublished or ongoing studies ere sought in training institutions accredited by the Philippine Pediatric Society. The investigators included randomized control trials using G-CSF on septic neonates. Results: Twenty-two trials were identified and thirteen were assessed to be eligible for review. The studies had a total of 530 participants, with the largest having 78 subjects. Relative risks (RR), mean differences (MD) and standard mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using the fixed effect model and random effects model were reported in the results. There was a significant decrease in mortality (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.99) with a greater reduction for preterm neonates, low birth weight neonates and neutropenic neonates. There was no significant reduction in morbidities caused by neonatal sepsis. Conclusions: There is moderate quality evidence that suggests that G-CSF as an adjunct treatment for neonatal sepsis significantly decreases mortality with greater benefit to preterm neonates, low birth weight neonates and those with baseline neutropenia. The studies did not show any benefit in reducing sepsis-related morbidity.
背景:新生儿脓毒症合并中性粒细胞减少可使死亡风险增加50%。新生儿未成熟的中性粒细胞的产生常常被严重的感染所淹没。粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)是一种天然存在的细胞因子，用于支持化疗期间中性粒细胞的恢复，是一种可能改善新生儿败血症结局的治疗方法。目的:探讨G-CSF在降低脓毒症新生儿死亡率和发病率中的作用。方法:在在线期刊数据库中进行电子检索。在菲律宾儿科学会认可的培训机构中寻求未发表或正在进行的研究。研究人员纳入了使用G-CSF治疗感染性新生儿的随机对照试验。结果:22项试验被确定，13项被评估为有资格进行综述。这些研究共有530名参与者，其中规模最大的有78名受试者。结果采用固定效应模型和随机效应模型，分别报道了相对危险度(RR)、平均差异(MD)和标准平均差异(SMD)的95%置信区间(CI)。死亡率显著降低(RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.48 - 0.99)，早产儿、低出生体重新生儿和中性粒细胞减少新生儿的死亡率降低幅度更大。新生儿败血症引起的发病率没有显著降低。结论:有中等质量的证据表明，G-CSF作为新生儿败血症的辅助治疗可显著降低死亡率，对早产儿、低出生体重新生儿和基线中性粒细胞减少的新生儿有更大的益处。研究没有显示在降低败血症相关发病率方面有任何益处。
{"title":"Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor in Improving Outcomes of Neonatal Sepsis: A Meta-Analysis","authors":"Grazielle S. Verzosa, Mary Yu, Kathlynne Anne Abat-Senen, Maria Isabel O. Quilendrino","doi":"10.1542/PEDS.144.2_MEETINGABSTRACT.699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1542/PEDS.144.2_MEETINGABSTRACT.699","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Neonatal sepsis complicated with neutropenia increases risk of mortality by 50%. The immature neutrophil production of neonates is often overwhelmed by severe infection. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), a naturally occurring cytokine used to support neutrophil recovery during chemotherapy, is a possible treatment that can improve outcomes of neonatal sepsis. Objectives: To determine the efficacy of G-CSF in decreasing mortality and morbidity in septic neonates. Methodology: Electronic searches were conducted on online journal databases. Unpublished or ongoing studies ere sought in training institutions accredited by the Philippine Pediatric Society. The investigators included randomized control trials using G-CSF on septic neonates. Results: Twenty-two trials were identified and thirteen were assessed to be eligible for review. The studies had a total of 530 participants, with the largest having 78 subjects. Relative risks (RR), mean differences (MD) and standard mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using the fixed effect model and random effects model were reported in the results. There was a significant decrease in mortality (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.99) with a greater reduction for preterm neonates, low birth weight neonates and neutropenic neonates. There was no significant reduction in morbidities caused by neonatal sepsis. Conclusions: There is moderate quality evidence that suggests that G-CSF as an adjunct treatment for neonatal sepsis significantly decreases mortality with greater benefit to preterm neonates, low birth weight neonates and those with baseline neutropenia. The studies did not show any benefit in reducing sepsis-related morbidity.","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116614208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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