Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.56964/pidspj20192001005
Francesca Mae T. Pantig, S. Gatchalian
Introduction: Pulse oximetry is frequently utilized as a rapid, non-invasive, point-of-care alternative to arterial blood gas analysis in measuring oxygen saturation of children with pneumonia. Objectives: To compare portable fingertip pulse oximetry saturation (SpO2PF), handheld pulse oximetry saturation (SpO2H) and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) in detection of hypoxemia, and correlate hypoxemia with clinical features in children with pneumonia. Methodology: This was a prospective, observational, cross-sectional study involving patients 3 months to 5 years old with pneumonia. Oxygen saturation was measured using a portable fingertip pulse oximeter, a handheld pulse oximeter, and arterial blood gas analysis. Results: Eighty-six children were included. SpO2 PF underestimated oxygen levels by 0.126% (95% CI -0.240 to 0.491), while SpO2H underestimated it by 0.323% (95% CI -0.075 to 0.721). Between portable and handheld readings, the mean difference was 0.198% (95% CI -0.089 to 0.484). Across the three methods, limits of agreement ranged from -3.388 to +4.035%. There was no statistically significant difference in variance among the three measurements. Children with tachypnea (cOR 2.623, 95% CI 1.06 – 6.48, p = 0.037), difficulty breathing (cOR 6.316, 95% CI 1.96 – 20.34, p = 0.002), and subcostal retractions (cOR 2.842, 95% CI 1.05 to 7.69, p = 0.040) were more likely to have hypoxemia. Conclusion: Pulse oximetry closely correlates with arterial blood gas analysis within acceptable limits of agreement and with no significant differences in variance among measurements. Difficulty breathing, tachypnea and subcostal retractions were significantly more likely to be observed in hypoxemic children.
简介:脉搏血氧仪经常被用作一种快速、无创、即时的替代动脉血气分析的方法来测量肺炎患儿的血氧饱和度。目的:比较便携式指尖脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2PF)、手持式脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2H)和动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)对低氧血症的检测效果，并将低氧血症与肺炎患儿的临床特征联系起来。方法:这是一项前瞻性、观察性、横断面研究，涉及3个月至5岁的肺炎患者。使用便携式指尖脉搏血氧仪、手持式脉搏血氧仪和动脉血气分析测量血氧饱和度。结果:共纳入86例儿童。SpO2 PF低估了氧含量0.126% (95% CI -0.240至0.491)，而SpO2H低估了氧含量0.323% (95% CI -0.075至0.721)。在便携式和手持读数之间，平均差异为0.198% (95% CI -0.089至0.484)。在三种方法中，一致性的限制范围从-3.388到+4.035%。三种测量方法的方差差异无统计学意义。呼吸急促(cOR 2.623, 95% CI 1.06 - 6.48, p = 0.037)、呼吸困难(cOR 6.316, 95% CI 1.96 - 20.34, p = 0.002)和肋下回缩(cOR 2.842, 95% CI 1.05 - 7.69, p = 0.040)患儿更容易出现低氧血症。结论:脉搏血氧测定与动脉血气分析在可接受的一致性范围内密切相关，且测量值之间的方差无显著差异。呼吸困难、呼吸急促和肋下肌回缩在低氧儿童中更容易出现。
{"title":"Comparison of Various Methods of Detection of Hypoxemia and Correlation of Hypoxemia with Clinical Features among Pediatric Patients 3 Months to 5 Years Old with Community-Acquired Pneumonia at a Tertiary Hospital Emergency Room","authors":"Francesca Mae T. Pantig, S. Gatchalian","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20192001005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20192001005","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pulse oximetry is frequently utilized as a rapid, non-invasive, point-of-care alternative to arterial blood gas analysis in measuring oxygen saturation of children with pneumonia. Objectives: To compare portable fingertip pulse oximetry saturation (SpO2PF), handheld pulse oximetry saturation (SpO2H) and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) in detection of hypoxemia, and correlate hypoxemia with clinical features in children with pneumonia. Methodology: This was a prospective, observational, cross-sectional study involving patients 3 months to 5 years old with pneumonia. Oxygen saturation was measured using a portable fingertip pulse oximeter, a handheld pulse oximeter, and arterial blood gas analysis. Results: Eighty-six children were included. SpO2 PF underestimated oxygen levels by 0.126% (95% CI -0.240 to 0.491), while SpO2H underestimated it by 0.323% (95% CI -0.075 to 0.721). Between portable and handheld readings, the mean difference was 0.198% (95% CI -0.089 to 0.484). Across the three methods, limits of agreement ranged from -3.388 to +4.035%. There was no statistically significant difference in variance among the three measurements. Children with tachypnea (cOR 2.623, 95% CI 1.06 – 6.48, p = 0.037), difficulty breathing (cOR 6.316, 95% CI 1.96 – 20.34, p = 0.002), and subcostal retractions (cOR 2.842, 95% CI 1.05 to 7.69, p = 0.040) were more likely to have hypoxemia. Conclusion: Pulse oximetry closely correlates with arterial blood gas analysis within acceptable limits of agreement and with no significant differences in variance among measurements. Difficulty breathing, tachypnea and subcostal retractions were significantly more likely to be observed in hypoxemic children.","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"16 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126017504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.56964/pidspj20192001010
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{"title":"A Position Statement from the Philippine Pediatric Society and Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines on the Dengue Vaccine","authors":"","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20192001010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20192001010","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>None</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121892860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.56964/pidspj20192001003
P. Tarnate, Keith Roger R. Serrano, Vanessa-Maria F. Torres-Ticzon, K. A. A. Senen
Background: Prevention strategies delivered through digital media technology (DMT) have been developed to reduce HIV incidence among young people. However, no best-practice DMT intervention strategies exist in handling HIV prevention programs among young people. Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of DMT-based interventions in reducing risk-taking behaviours among young people that may predispose them to acquiring HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Subjects and Selection Criteria: Randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies with rigorous controls comparing DMT-based interventions and controls on reducing risk-taking behaviors among young people aged 10-24 years were included. Data Collection: Search methods were done on the following: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Trials Register, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, TRIP database, HERDIN, reference lists, & local databases until December 2017. Analysis: Statistical analysis was done using Review Manager Version 5.3, heterogeneity examined, and analyses done under random effects model. Condom use, sexual behavior, number of sexual partners, STI testing, and sexual health knowledge in standardized effect sizeswere calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Data were analyzed in subgroups: Didactics, Modules, Virtual decision-making. Main Results: Identified sixteenstudies with 7925 subjects comparing DMT interventions and controls. DMT interventions significantly increased condom use (d=0.29, 95% CI 0.18-0.41; p<0.00001), particularly in Didacticssubgroup; and decreased frequency of sexual behavior (d=0.16, 95% CI 0.06-0.26; p=0.002), particularly in Virtual decision-making subgroup.Data significant but heterogeneous for improved sexual health knowledge.There was no statistical difference for decreased number of sexual partners and STI testing. Conclusions: DMT-based interventions on condom use and frequency of sexual behavior were noted to be effective in reducing risk-taking behaviors among young people.These findings can be appropriately adapted for use in HIV/STI prevention campaigns.
背景:已经制定了通过数字媒体技术(DMT)提供的预防战略，以减少年轻人中的艾滋病毒发病率。然而，没有最佳实践的DMT干预策略存在于处理年轻人的艾滋病毒预防方案。目的:确定基于dmt的干预措施在减少年轻人冒险行为方面的有效性，这些行为可能使他们容易感染艾滋病毒和其他性传播感染。研究对象和选择标准:纳入随机对照试验和准实验研究，严格对照比较基于dmt的干预措施和对照措施对减少10-24岁年轻人冒险行为的影响。数据收集:检索方法如下:MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Trials Register, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, TRIP数据库，HERDIN，参考文献列表和本地数据库，直到2017年12月。分析:使用Review Manager Version 5.3进行统计分析，检验异质性，并在随机效应模型下进行分析。安全套使用、性行为、性伴侣数量、性传播感染检测和性健康知识的标准化效应量以95%的置信区间计算。数据被分成几个小组进行分析:教学、模块、虚拟决策。主要结果:确定了16项研究，7925名受试者，比较了DMT干预和对照组。DMT干预显著增加了安全套的使用(d=0.29, 95% CI 0.18-0.41;p<0.00001)，特别是在didactics亚组;性行为频率降低(d=0.16, 95% CI 0.06-0.26;p=0.002)，特别是在虚拟决策亚组中。改善性健康知识的数据显著但不一致。性伴侣数量和性传播感染检测的减少没有统计学差异。结论:基于dmt的避孕套使用和性行为频率干预措施在减少年轻人的冒险行为方面被认为是有效的。这些发现可以适当地适用于艾滋病毒/性传播感染预防运动。
{"title":"Effectiveness of Digital Media Technology-based Interventions on HIV & STI Risk Reduction Among Young People: A Meta-Analysis","authors":"P. Tarnate, Keith Roger R. Serrano, Vanessa-Maria F. Torres-Ticzon, K. A. A. Senen","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20192001003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20192001003","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prevention strategies delivered through digital media technology (DMT) have been developed to reduce HIV incidence among young people. However, no best-practice DMT intervention strategies exist in handling HIV prevention programs among young people. Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of DMT-based interventions in reducing risk-taking behaviours among young people that may predispose them to acquiring HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Subjects and Selection Criteria: Randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies with rigorous controls comparing DMT-based interventions and controls on reducing risk-taking behaviors among young people aged 10-24 years were included. Data Collection: Search methods were done on the following: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Trials Register, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, TRIP database, HERDIN, reference lists, & local databases until December 2017. Analysis: Statistical analysis was done using Review Manager Version 5.3, heterogeneity examined, and analyses done under random effects model. Condom use, sexual behavior, number of sexual partners, STI testing, and sexual health knowledge in standardized effect sizeswere calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Data were analyzed in subgroups: Didactics, Modules, Virtual decision-making. Main Results: Identified sixteenstudies with 7925 subjects comparing DMT interventions and controls. DMT interventions significantly increased condom use (d=0.29, 95% CI 0.18-0.41; p<0.00001), particularly in Didacticssubgroup; and decreased frequency of sexual behavior (d=0.16, 95% CI 0.06-0.26; p=0.002), particularly in Virtual decision-making subgroup.Data significant but heterogeneous for improved sexual health knowledge.There was no statistical difference for decreased number of sexual partners and STI testing. Conclusions: DMT-based interventions on condom use and frequency of sexual behavior were noted to be effective in reducing risk-taking behaviors among young people.These findings can be appropriately adapted for use in HIV/STI prevention campaigns.","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"206 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115738887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.56964/pidspj20192001008
Mary Crist Delos Santos-Jamora, Marimel R. Pagcatipunan
ntroduction: Infection with HIV is multi-faceted and involves the interplay of medical, social, and economic factors thus, management of the disease continues to be a challenge to most physicians. The Philippines is experiencing a surge in cases since 2013. Understanding the local epidemiology of pediatric HIV may reveal opportunities to reduce or eliminate transmission through timely diagnosis. Objective: This study was conducted to identify the features and outcome of children living with HIV in a hospital where a program for HIV treatment and monitoring was implemented. Methodology: Medical records of all children Guidance Intervention Prevention (SAGIP) Unit were reviewed. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: Thirty pediatric HIV patients were included in the study. The most common mode of acquisition is by sexual transmission (57%) and most patients were male (76%),bisexual (47%), and heterosexual (47%). Weight loss (50%),rash (50%), fever (37%) and cough (37%) were the most common clinical findings. The most common opportunistic infections were tuberculosis (47%) and oral candidiasis (34%). Only 27 of 30 patients were started on antiretroviral therapy within 6 months from diagnosis. One patient showed resistance to a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). There were 11 children who died of various opportunistic infections and its complications, while 2 were transferred to a different treatment hub after 6 months, and 1 lost to follow-up. Conclusion: Sexual means of HIV transmission among adolescents is evident in this study. Weight loss, cough, rash, fever, and lymphadenopathy are common presenting features. Tuberculosis and oral candidiasis are the most common opportunistic infections and should alert physicians on possible HIV infection. A mortality rate of 37% was noted mostly in the first 6 months of initiating ART treatment.
{"title":"Epidemiology and Outcome of Children Living with HIV in a Tertiary Hospital: A 6-Year Retrospective Study","authors":"Mary Crist Delos Santos-Jamora, Marimel R. Pagcatipunan","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20192001008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20192001008","url":null,"abstract":"ntroduction: Infection with HIV is multi-faceted and involves the interplay of medical, social, and economic factors thus, management of the disease continues to be a challenge to most physicians. The Philippines is experiencing a surge in cases since 2013. Understanding the local epidemiology of pediatric HIV may reveal opportunities to reduce or eliminate transmission through timely diagnosis. Objective: This study was conducted to identify the features and outcome of children living with HIV in a hospital where a program for HIV treatment and monitoring was implemented. Methodology: Medical records of all children Guidance Intervention Prevention (SAGIP) Unit were reviewed. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: Thirty pediatric HIV patients were included in the study. The most common mode of acquisition is by sexual transmission (57%) and most patients were male (76%),bisexual (47%), and heterosexual (47%). Weight loss (50%),rash (50%), fever (37%) and cough (37%) were the most common clinical findings. The most common opportunistic infections were tuberculosis (47%) and oral candidiasis (34%). Only 27 of 30 patients were started on antiretroviral therapy within 6 months from diagnosis. One patient showed resistance to a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). There were 11 children who died of various opportunistic infections and its complications, while 2 were transferred to a different treatment hub after 6 months, and 1 lost to follow-up. Conclusion: Sexual means of HIV transmission among adolescents is evident in this study. Weight loss, cough, rash, fever, and lymphadenopathy are common presenting features. Tuberculosis and oral candidiasis are the most common opportunistic infections and should alert physicians on possible HIV infection. A mortality rate of 37% was noted mostly in the first 6 months of initiating ART treatment.","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131220709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.56964/pidspj20192001007
Leslie Anne Dela Cruz, A. Ong-Lim
Introduction: Multi Drug Resistant Organisms (MDRO) are microorganisms that are resistant to one or more classes of antimicrobial agents, and these have become significant pathogens to contend with in the treatment of Healthcare Associated Infections. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the clinico-epidemiologic profile and outcome of pediatric patients with healthcare-associated multi-drug resistant gram-negative infections, and its antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Methodology: This was a retrospective study done on pediatric patients with gram negative healthcare associated MDRO sepsis compared to non-MDRO sepsis admitted at the ICU and pediatric wards of a tertiary government hospital from July 2015 to June 2016. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the clinical characteristics of patients. Odds ratio and the corresponding 95% confidence interval from binary logistic regression was computed to determine significant predictors for the development of multi drug resistance. Outcome of patients with MDRO gram-negative infection was noted, as well as its antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Results: A total of 199 patients developed HAI, and 41% were identified to be gram negative MDR cases. Pediatric patients with healthcare associated infections due to MDR gram negative organisms had shorter hospital stay and a higher mortality rate of 78% compared to 41% among non MDR patients.The most commonly isolated gram negative organisms were Burkholderia cepacia, 38%; Klebsiella pneumoniae, 31%; and Acinetobacter baumanii, 18%; while the most common MDR gram negative isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae, 65%; Acinetobacter aumanii, 22%; and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 7%. Significant predictors for MDRO were age (0-28 days old), ICU admission, intravascular catheterization and use of total parenteral nutrition. Conclusion: Profile of pediatric patients with healthcare-associated multidrug resistant gram-negative infections were neonates admitted in the ICU with a shorter hospital stay and a high mortality rate. The identified risk factors for developing Multi Drug Resistant Gram Negative sepsis were age of 0-28 days, admission to ICU, intravascular catheterization and parenteral nutrition. Patients with gram-negative MDR infections have a high mortality rate and isolates are susceptible mostly to Colistin.
{"title":"Clinico-Epidemiologic Profile and with Multi Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Healthcare AssociatedOutcome of Pediatric Patients Infections at the Philippine General Hospital","authors":"Leslie Anne Dela Cruz, A. Ong-Lim","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20192001007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20192001007","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Multi Drug Resistant Organisms (MDRO) are microorganisms that are resistant to one or more classes of antimicrobial agents, and these have become significant pathogens to contend with in the treatment of Healthcare Associated Infections. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the clinico-epidemiologic profile and outcome of pediatric patients with healthcare-associated multi-drug resistant gram-negative infections, and its antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Methodology: This was a retrospective study done on pediatric patients with gram negative healthcare associated MDRO sepsis compared to non-MDRO sepsis admitted at the ICU and pediatric wards of a tertiary government hospital from July 2015 to June 2016. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the clinical characteristics of patients. Odds ratio and the corresponding 95% confidence interval from binary logistic regression was computed to determine significant predictors for the development of multi drug resistance. Outcome of patients with MDRO gram-negative infection was noted, as well as its antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Results: A total of 199 patients developed HAI, and 41% were identified to be gram negative MDR cases. Pediatric patients with healthcare associated infections due to MDR gram negative organisms had shorter hospital stay and a higher mortality rate of 78% compared to 41% among non MDR patients.The most commonly isolated gram negative organisms were Burkholderia cepacia, 38%; Klebsiella pneumoniae, 31%; and Acinetobacter baumanii, 18%; while the most common MDR gram negative isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae, 65%; Acinetobacter aumanii, 22%; and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 7%. Significant predictors for MDRO were age (0-28 days old), ICU admission, intravascular catheterization and use of total parenteral nutrition. Conclusion: Profile of pediatric patients with healthcare-associated multidrug resistant gram-negative infections were neonates admitted in the ICU with a shorter hospital stay and a high mortality rate. The identified risk factors for developing Multi Drug Resistant Gram Negative sepsis were age of 0-28 days, admission to ICU, intravascular catheterization and parenteral nutrition. Patients with gram-negative MDR infections have a high mortality rate and isolates are susceptible mostly to Colistin.","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"02 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129896143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.56964/pidspj20192001006
Sheryl Del Rosario-Famadico, M. Uy, J. Tindoc
Abstract Background: Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) has been associated with chorioamnionitis but studies are inconsistent on the relationship between PPROM latency and the risk of chorioamnionitis and early onset sepsis. Objective: To define the association of PPROM latency and the risk of histologic chorioamnionitis (HCA) and early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS). Methodology: A prospective cohort study was done at a public tertiary hospital on 569 mothers with spontaneous rupture of membranes and with fetuses EONS was defined using test of association and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. The association of HCA with maternal and neonatal characteristics as well as adverse neonatal outcomes were also determined. Results: A total of 569 mothers with PPROM were included. Incidence of HCA and EONS were 13% and 24% respectively. PPROM latency was significantly associated with HCA and is a fair predictor of HCA (AUC = 0.7013; 76% accuracy at 31.5-hour cut-off) but failed as a predictor of EONS (AUC = 0.4799). PPROM, platelet count, CRP, and neutrophil count were ndependent predictors of HCA. HCA was associated with EONS and mortality. Mortality was higher in the presence of both HCA and EONS. Conclusion: Longer PPROM is associated with HCA and is a fair predictor of HCA at a cut-off of 31.5 hours. PPROM fails as a predictor of EONS.
{"title":"Duration of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes as Predictor of Histologic Chorioamnionitis and Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis: A Cohort Study","authors":"Sheryl Del Rosario-Famadico, M. Uy, J. Tindoc","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20192001006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20192001006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) has been associated with chorioamnionitis but studies are inconsistent on the relationship between PPROM latency and the risk of chorioamnionitis and early onset sepsis. Objective: To define the association of PPROM latency and the risk of histologic chorioamnionitis (HCA) and early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS). Methodology: A prospective cohort study was done at a public tertiary hospital on 569 mothers with spontaneous rupture of membranes and with fetuses EONS was defined using test of association and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. The association of HCA with maternal and neonatal characteristics as well as adverse neonatal outcomes were also determined. Results: A total of 569 mothers with PPROM were included. Incidence of HCA and EONS were 13% and 24% respectively. PPROM latency was significantly associated with HCA and is a fair predictor of HCA (AUC = 0.7013; 76% accuracy at 31.5-hour cut-off) but failed as a predictor of EONS (AUC = 0.4799). PPROM, platelet count, CRP, and neutrophil count were ndependent predictors of HCA. HCA was associated with EONS and mortality. Mortality was higher in the presence of both HCA and EONS. Conclusion: Longer PPROM is associated with HCA and is a fair predictor of HCA at a cut-off of 31.5 hours. PPROM fails as a predictor of EONS.","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115940901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.56964/pidspj20192001004
Abigail Ruiz Rivera, A. Ong-Lim, Marshall Gonzales
Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are a common complication of prolonged hospital stay, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of daily chlorhexidine bathing in reducing HCAIs in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methodology: This is a randomized controlled, observer-blinded study conducted over a 6-month period. Included were 2 months to 18-year-old patients admitted to the PICU, randomly assigned to daily bathing with 2% chlorhexidine or to the standard practice of bathing with plain soap and water. Primary outcome was the incidence of HCAI in each group. Results: A total of 50 patients were enrolled in the study. Overall incidence of HCAI was lower in the chlorhexidine group compared to the control group (12% versus 36%, RR=0.33, 95% CI 0.10 – 1.09, p=0.047). Incidence density rate was lower in the chlorhexidine group (5.91 versus 21.03 infections per 1000 person-days, p=0.049). Ventilator-associated pneumonia and bloodstream infections were lower in the chlorhexidine group, but results were not statistically significant. There were no significant differences in mortality rates and length of hospital stay. One adverse event of transient rash occurred in the chlorhexidine group. Conclusion: Daily chlorhexidine bathing may be more effective in reducing HCAIs in the PICU compared to standard care.
导读:医疗保健相关感染(HCAIs)是延长住院时间的常见并发症，导致发病率和死亡率增加。本研究旨在确定每日洗必泰沐浴在减少儿童重症监护病房(PICU) hcai的有效性。方法:这是一项为期6个月的随机对照、观察者盲法研究。纳入PICU住院的2个月至18岁的患者，随机分配每日用2%氯己定洗澡或用普通肥皂和水洗澡的标准做法。主要观察指标为各组HCAI的发生率。结果:共有50例患者入组研究。与对照组相比，氯己定组HCAI的总发病率较低(12%对36%，RR=0.33, 95% CI 0.10 - 1.09, p=0.047)。氯己定组感染密度较低(5.91 vs 21.03 / 1000人天，p=0.049)。氯己定组呼吸机相关肺炎和血流感染较低，但结果无统计学意义。死亡率和住院时间没有显著差异。氯己定组出现一过性皮疹的不良事件。结论:与标准护理相比，每日洗必泰沐浴可能更有效地降低PICU的hcai。
{"title":"Effectiveness of Daily Chlorhexidine Bathing in Reducing Healthcare-Associated Infections in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Government Hospital","authors":"Abigail Ruiz Rivera, A. Ong-Lim, Marshall Gonzales","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20192001004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20192001004","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are a common complication of prolonged hospital stay, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of daily chlorhexidine bathing in reducing HCAIs in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methodology: This is a randomized controlled, observer-blinded study conducted over a 6-month period. Included were 2 months to 18-year-old patients admitted to the PICU, randomly assigned to daily bathing with 2% chlorhexidine or to the standard practice of bathing with plain soap and water. Primary outcome was the incidence of HCAI in each group. Results: A total of 50 patients were enrolled in the study. Overall incidence of HCAI was lower in the chlorhexidine group compared to the control group (12% versus 36%, RR=0.33, 95% CI 0.10 – 1.09, p=0.047). Incidence density rate was lower in the chlorhexidine group (5.91 versus 21.03 infections per 1000 person-days, p=0.049). Ventilator-associated pneumonia and bloodstream infections were lower in the chlorhexidine group, but results were not statistically significant. There were no significant differences in mortality rates and length of hospital stay. One adverse event of transient rash occurred in the chlorhexidine group. Conclusion: Daily chlorhexidine bathing may be more effective in reducing HCAIs in the PICU compared to standard care.","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123171040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.56964/pidspj20192001009
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{"title":"Dengue Disease Bulletin A Disease Awareness Campaign for Pediatricians","authors":"","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20192001009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20192001009","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>none</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122135479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.56964/pidspj20181902002
Fatima Gimenez
The year 2018 marks our Silver Anniversary. As part of the celebration, we will reintroduce ourselves by way of an article that attempts to embrace who we are. Far from being a mere fact sheet and a chronology of activities and accomplishments, this is a glimpse of our team`s life history.
{"title":"Vibrant At 25","authors":"Fatima Gimenez","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20181902002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20181902002","url":null,"abstract":"The year 2018 marks our Silver Anniversary. As part of the celebration, we will reintroduce ourselves by way of an article that attempts to embrace who we are. Far from being a mere fact sheet and a chronology of activities and accomplishments, this is a glimpse of our team`s life history.","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124970386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.56964/pidspj20181902004
Adrienne Michelle Lu, M. Nolasco, Marilou Tan
Objectives: To describe the clinical profile of children with hepatic abscess, determine their laboratory & imaging findings, medical and surgical treatments and study factors affecting its outcome. Methodology: A retrospective cohort study done in December 2016 on children 0 to Demographic, clinical and diagnostic data were correlated with the outcome and presence of complications. Results: Thirty cases were identified in 19 years but only 25 charts were available for review. Mean age in years was 5.27 +/- 4.80 SD with male predominance. Fever (96%) and abdominal pain (60%) were common symptoms.Only 9 patients had hepatic abscess culture with Staphylococcus aureus (56%) as the most frequent growth. Anemia (76%) and leukocytosis (96%), and solitary (76%), large abscess >5 cms (60%) involving the right lobe (72%), were the common diagnostic findings. Most were treated with antibiotics alone (60%).All patients improved with no mortality noted, while pleural effusion was seen in 8 out of 12 patients with complications. Only male gender was significantly associated with complications both on chi-square (p0.004) and logistic regression (p 0.008). Conclusion: Hepatic abscess is a liver infection usually seen among young and male population, manifesting as fever with anemia and leucocytosis. Most were complicated by pleural effusion with no deaths reported. Male gender had significant association with complications.
{"title":"Clinical Profile and Factors Affecting Outcome of Children with Hepatic Abscess: 19 Year Study","authors":"Adrienne Michelle Lu, M. Nolasco, Marilou Tan","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20181902004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20181902004","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To describe the clinical profile of children with hepatic abscess, determine their laboratory & imaging findings, medical and surgical treatments and study factors affecting its outcome. Methodology: A retrospective cohort study done in December 2016 on children 0 to Demographic, clinical and diagnostic data were correlated with the outcome and presence of complications. Results: Thirty cases were identified in 19 years but only 25 charts were available for review. Mean age in years was 5.27 +/- 4.80 SD with male predominance. Fever (96%) and abdominal pain (60%) were common symptoms.Only 9 patients had hepatic abscess culture with Staphylococcus aureus (56%) as the most frequent growth. Anemia (76%) and leukocytosis (96%), and solitary (76%), large abscess >5 cms (60%) involving the right lobe (72%), were the common diagnostic findings. Most were treated with antibiotics alone (60%).All patients improved with no mortality noted, while pleural effusion was seen in 8 out of 12 patients with complications. Only male gender was significantly associated with complications both on chi-square (p0.004) and logistic regression (p 0.008). Conclusion: Hepatic abscess is a liver infection usually seen among young and male population, manifesting as fever with anemia and leucocytosis. Most were complicated by pleural effusion with no deaths reported. Male gender had significant association with complications.","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129882548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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