The article revisits the refugee policies of Ancient Athens and Ancient Rome and highlights how exploring them reveals the value of the contemporary acquis of international law for actively addressing refugee crises triggered by military invasion. The nexus between refugee flows, the undermining of ancient civilizations, and the value of legal corpuses has long been overlooked by contemporary literature. It is a gap that the article intends to fill by inquiring possible explanations for Athens’ and Rome’s failures in managing the Attican and Gothic refugee crisis. The article offers a historical analysis of the abovementioned refugee crises. The contribution of this article is two-fold: the article not only calls attention to the unpreparedness and lack of foresight in the refugee policies of the Ancient Athenians and Romans, but it also highlights how certain mistakes could have been avoided and why these failures remain relevant to modern society from an international law perspective. The results of the analysis are supported robustly by the triangulation of ancient testimonies with modern academic references.
{"title":"Ancient Refugee Policies reviewed with the International Law Acquis of Today","authors":"Florian Bikard, Benjamin Karp, Yu Huang","doi":"10.37815/rte.v34n1.870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37815/rte.v34n1.870","url":null,"abstract":"The article revisits the refugee policies of Ancient Athens and Ancient Rome and highlights how exploring them reveals the value of the contemporary acquis of international law for actively addressing refugee crises triggered by military invasion. The nexus between refugee flows, the undermining of ancient civilizations, and the value of legal corpuses has long been overlooked by contemporary literature. It is a gap that the article intends to fill by inquiring possible explanations for Athens’ and Rome’s failures in managing the Attican and Gothic refugee crisis. The article offers a historical analysis of the abovementioned refugee crises. The contribution of this article is two-fold: the article not only calls attention to the unpreparedness and lack of foresight in the refugee policies of the Ancient Athenians and Romans, but it also highlights how certain mistakes could have been avoided and why these failures remain relevant to modern society from an international law perspective. The results of the analysis are supported robustly by the triangulation of ancient testimonies with modern academic references.","PeriodicalId":117722,"journal":{"name":"Revista Tecnológica - ESPOL","volume":"112 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114038383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This comprehensive brief identifies a range of key contemporary challenges for human rights, development, and governance of international migration as an all-encompassing human, social, economic, political, and environmental phenomena. It premises that migration is fundamentally about development, human rights, and social welfare, showing that labour and skills mobility is key to sustaining viability of labour forces and economies and to obtaining return on capital in a globalized economy. It notes that over 90 percent of migration today results in employment and economic activity outcomes. Sustaining development in all regions depends on migration. The article discusses the structural and systemic imperatives for mobility of people worldwide and it identifies 20 law, policy and practical challenges for economic and social development, human rights, welfare of people, and for governance. The article reiterates the comprehensive international legal framework for governance of migration and reviews especially relevant global policy frameworks: the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda and the New Urban Agenda. Discussion addresses abusive exploitation of migrants versus lacuna in legal protection; contentions between capital and labour in deregulation impacting migrant workers; dangers of xenophobia; gender specificity in migration; restrictions in access to social security for migrants; challenges to social and family welfare; growing skills and training constraints, and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and often inappropriate response measures. The trend of regime change towards deregulatory migration control is raised, with mention of concerns on the Global Compact on Migration. A comprehensive Agenda for Action outlines policy lines and practical actions for rights-based, economically sustainable, and socially responsible governance of migration. This article and the action agenda build on the plenary address by the author to the Global Parliamentary Consultation on International Migration held in Rabat, Morocco in December 2018.
{"title":"Migration, Human Rights & Sustainable Economies: A Century 21 Agenda","authors":"Patrick Taran","doi":"10.37815/rte.v34n1.917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37815/rte.v34n1.917","url":null,"abstract":"This comprehensive brief identifies a range of key contemporary challenges for human rights, development, and governance of international migration as an all-encompassing human, social, economic, political, and environmental phenomena. It premises that migration is fundamentally about development, human rights, and social welfare, showing that labour and skills mobility is key to sustaining viability of labour forces and economies and to obtaining return on capital in a globalized economy. It notes that over 90 percent of migration today results in employment and economic activity outcomes. Sustaining development in all regions depends on migration. The article discusses the structural and systemic imperatives for mobility of people worldwide and it identifies 20 law, policy and practical challenges for economic and social development, human rights, welfare of people, and for governance. The article reiterates the comprehensive international legal framework for governance of migration and reviews especially relevant global policy frameworks: the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda and the New Urban Agenda. Discussion addresses abusive exploitation of migrants versus lacuna in legal protection; contentions between capital and labour in deregulation impacting migrant workers; dangers of xenophobia; gender specificity in migration; restrictions in access to social security for migrants; challenges to social and family welfare; growing skills and training constraints, and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and often inappropriate response measures. The trend of regime change towards deregulatory migration control is raised, with mention of concerns on the Global Compact on Migration. A comprehensive Agenda for Action outlines policy lines and practical actions for rights-based, economically sustainable, and socially responsible governance of migration. This article and the action agenda build on the plenary address by the author to the Global Parliamentary Consultation on International Migration held in Rabat, Morocco in December 2018.","PeriodicalId":117722,"journal":{"name":"Revista Tecnológica - ESPOL","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124563723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
En el presente artículo se propone implementar un taller educativo basado en la técnica “juego de roles”, en el plan de estudios de una materia ofrecida en cualquiera de los dos últimos años de un programa de Ingeniería. Se evidencia, mediante revisión literaria, que las actividades educativas basadas en esta técnica son fundamentales en el estudio y comprensión de distintas problemáticas, como la migración global. A través de la personificación de representantes de una nación, los participantes logran no solo analizar los problemas que experimentan los migrantes y refugiados en varios países, sino que también se busca crear conciencia, empatizar y sentir la crisis y vulneración de derechos humanos fundamentales que viven a diario, motivando a los estudiantes a buscar continuamente soluciones innovadoras a dichos conflictos. Una de las herramientas basadas en simulación de “juego de roles” comúnmente utilizada es el Modelo de las Naciones Unidas (MUN), el cual consiste en una representación del Sistema de Naciones Unidas en escuelas, colegios y universidades. A lo largo del artículo se analiza el funcionamiento de técnicas de aprendizaje activo, sus beneficios e importancia sobre las habilidades sociales y formación integral de los estudiantes de Ingeniería. Adicionalmente, se revisa el impacto positivo de incluir temas sociales, como migración global, en los sistemas educativos.
{"title":"Juego de Roles: Una herramienta para visibilizar la lucha por los Derechos Humanos en programas de Ingeniería","authors":"Nicole Alvarado Díaz, Samantha Carrillo Ríos, Cinthia Pérez Sigüenza","doi":"10.37815/rte.v34n1.893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37815/rte.v34n1.893","url":null,"abstract":"En el presente artículo se propone implementar un taller educativo basado en la técnica “juego de roles”, en el plan de estudios de una materia ofrecida en cualquiera de los dos últimos años de un programa de Ingeniería. Se evidencia, mediante revisión literaria, que las actividades educativas basadas en esta técnica son fundamentales en el estudio y comprensión de distintas problemáticas, como la migración global. A través de la personificación de representantes de una nación, los participantes logran no solo analizar los problemas que experimentan los migrantes y refugiados en varios países, sino que también se busca crear conciencia, empatizar y sentir la crisis y vulneración de derechos humanos fundamentales que viven a diario, motivando a los estudiantes a buscar continuamente soluciones innovadoras a dichos conflictos. Una de las herramientas basadas en simulación de “juego de roles” comúnmente utilizada es el Modelo de las Naciones Unidas (MUN), el cual consiste en una representación del Sistema de Naciones Unidas en escuelas, colegios y universidades. A lo largo del artículo se analiza el funcionamiento de técnicas de aprendizaje activo, sus beneficios e importancia sobre las habilidades sociales y formación integral de los estudiantes de Ingeniería. Adicionalmente, se revisa el impacto positivo de incluir temas sociales, como migración global, en los sistemas educativos.","PeriodicalId":117722,"journal":{"name":"Revista Tecnológica - ESPOL","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126401027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The chequered application, since 2000, of integrated policies to eradicate the intersectional root causes of child labour sits more recently in a wider political context of recrudescent populist ethnonationalism accompanied by weakened respect by the governments of many countries for the rules-based international system and rights-based development. The author suggests that (apart from Northern-centric trade and policy interests) influential populist-nationalist governments (including those of the United Kingdom (linked to Brexit), and Australia (linked to the “Bali Process”) have contributed to diverting global attention from the largest cohort intended to benefit from Sustainable Development Goal Target 8.7 - the 160 million children now in child labour - by conflating forced labour with trafficking and trafficking with migration and asylum. This conflation seeks to demonise asylum-seekers, refugees, and economic migrants. It is an important element of the discourse of populist-nationalist ruling parties in their search for continued electoral support and reflects a willingness to violate international law protecting human rights.
{"title":"Has Anti-Migration and Anti-Refugee Discourse Hampered Progress against Child Labour?","authors":"Simon Steyne","doi":"10.37815/rte.v34n1.856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37815/rte.v34n1.856","url":null,"abstract":"The chequered application, since 2000, of integrated policies to eradicate the intersectional root causes of child labour sits more recently in a wider political context of recrudescent populist ethnonationalism accompanied by weakened respect by the governments of many countries for the rules-based international system and rights-based development. The author suggests that (apart from Northern-centric trade and policy interests) influential populist-nationalist governments (including those of the United Kingdom (linked to Brexit), and Australia (linked to the “Bali Process”) have contributed to diverting global attention from the largest cohort intended to benefit from Sustainable Development Goal Target 8.7 - the 160 million children now in child labour - by conflating forced labour with trafficking and trafficking with migration and asylum. This conflation seeks to demonise asylum-seekers, refugees, and economic migrants. It is an important element of the discourse of populist-nationalist ruling parties in their search for continued electoral support and reflects a willingness to violate international law protecting human rights.","PeriodicalId":117722,"journal":{"name":"Revista Tecnológica - ESPOL","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130539440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For Small Island Developing States such as the Maldives, climate change poses an existential threat to the future and welfare of their countries’ populations. The effects of global warming, such as rising sea levels and increased flooding, have forced countries to consider different measures in order to adapt, and some are even worried about a possible climate forced migration as a result of these dangers. Unfortunately, a lack of recognition of climate migrants under international law means that island states are left on their own to decide the best course of action. This raises an important question: What are possible challenges and solutions for Small Island Developing States [SIDS], such as the Maldives, who are planning for the climate forced migration of their populations? Using a case study of the Maldives, this paper explores both mitigation and adaptation measures that the Maldivian government has considered to develop its climate resilience. It also argues that rather than plan for relocation, the Maldives and other SIDS should prioritize keeping their populations together, maintaining cultural integrity, and implementing initiatives which support sustainable development.
{"title":"Global Warming and Displacement: Challenges and Solutions in the Maldives","authors":"Roma Beke","doi":"10.37815/rte.v34n1.899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37815/rte.v34n1.899","url":null,"abstract":"For Small Island Developing States such as the Maldives, climate change poses an existential threat to the future and welfare of their countries’ populations. The effects of global warming, such as rising sea levels and increased flooding, have forced countries to consider different measures in order to adapt, and some are even worried about a possible climate forced migration as a result of these dangers. Unfortunately, a lack of recognition of climate migrants under international law means that island states are left on their own to decide the best course of action. This raises an important question: What are possible challenges and solutions for Small Island Developing States [SIDS], such as the Maldives, who are planning for the climate forced migration of their populations? Using a case study of the Maldives, this paper explores both mitigation and adaptation measures that the Maldivian government has considered to develop its climate resilience. It also argues that rather than plan for relocation, the Maldives and other SIDS should prioritize keeping their populations together, maintaining cultural integrity, and implementing initiatives which support sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":117722,"journal":{"name":"Revista Tecnológica - ESPOL","volume":"264 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124301774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Global warming is increasingly leading to displacement of people. The Maasai community in East Africa are a pastoralist community that severely face the impact of climate change which is leading to their displacement. This article examines the context of global warming in East Africa, examines the direct factors for displacement of the Maasai community and assesses the various factors that affect migration patterns of the Maasai. Issues such as exacerbated gender disparities due to climate change are outlined with an analysis of the link between both. Kenya is home to a large number of the Maasai. Thus, the article also assesses the measures implemented in Kenya to tackle global warming effects on the displacement of the Maasai. The article aims to identify what is missing in the international and regional law and norms applicable to pastoralists affected by climate change with a section providing recommendations for the East African Community.
{"title":"Global warming impacts displacing the Maasai community in East Africa: challenges and responses","authors":"Hiral Hirani","doi":"10.37815/rte.v34n1.909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37815/rte.v34n1.909","url":null,"abstract":"Global warming is increasingly leading to displacement of people. The Maasai community in East Africa are a pastoralist community that severely face the impact of climate change which is leading to their displacement. This article examines the context of global warming in East Africa, examines the direct factors for displacement of the Maasai community and assesses the various factors that affect migration patterns of the Maasai. Issues such as exacerbated gender disparities due to climate change are outlined with an analysis of the link between both. Kenya is home to a large number of the Maasai. Thus, the article also assesses the measures implemented in Kenya to tackle global warming effects on the displacement of the Maasai. The article aims to identify what is missing in the international and regional law and norms applicable to pastoralists affected by climate change with a section providing recommendations for the East African Community.","PeriodicalId":117722,"journal":{"name":"Revista Tecnológica - ESPOL","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116213639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In today’s globalized world of international mobility, migration is a major contributor to urbanization. Cities play a crucial role in welcoming migrants and refugees and in their integration with local societies. Cities are spaces for refugee and immigrant reception, rights protection, and inclusion in local communities. Migration represents significant challenges for city governance, social cohesion, and realisation of human rights for all. This paper is based on, and describes, UNESCO-ECCAR-GMPA-Marianna V. Vardinoyannis Foundation ongoing research project on ‘Cities Welcoming Refugees and Migrants’ launched in May 2016. The 6-year research project analysed contemporary experiences, policies, and practice of cities with a particular focus on Europe. This paper discusses the research project, its methodology, key types of data, documents and literature reviewed, and key findings. This paper discusses the trilogy of research questions: how to obtain knowledge and assessment of place, policy, and practice of cities welcoming migrants and refugees; whether there are common approaches and policies referencing values and rights; and do common approaches, policy, and practice represent a coherent values-based framework across multiple cities in Europe. The study of city experiences shows a largely common welcoming city agenda regarding the reception and integration of refugees and migrants. The research findings highlight that deliberate values and rights-based approach is the foundation of a welcoming city.
在当今国际流动的全球化世界中，移民是城市化的一个主要因素。城市在欢迎移民和难民以及帮助他们融入当地社会方面发挥着至关重要的作用。城市是接纳难民和移民、保护权利和融入当地社区的空间。移民对城市治理、社会凝聚力和实现所有人的人权构成了重大挑战。本文基于并描述了联合国教科文组织- eccar - gmpa - marianna V. Vardinoyannis基金会于2016年5月启动的正在进行的“欢迎难民和移民的城市”研究项目。这个为期6年的研究项目分析了欧洲城市的当代经验、政策和实践。本文讨论了研究项目，其方法，主要类型的数据，文件和文献综述，以及主要发现。本文讨论了三个研究问题:如何获得关于城市接纳移民和难民的地点、政策和实践的知识和评估;是否有参照价值观和权利的共同方法和政策;共同的方法、政策和实践在欧洲多个城市中是否代表了一个连贯的基于价值观的框架。对城市经验的研究表明，在接纳和融合难民和移民方面，城市议程基本上是共同的。研究结果强调，深思熟虑的价值观和以权利为基础的方法是一个友好城市的基础。
{"title":"Cities and migration: comprehensive study of cities welcoming migrants and refugees","authors":"O. Kadysheva","doi":"10.37815/rte.v34n1.919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37815/rte.v34n1.919","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s globalized world of international mobility, migration is a major contributor to urbanization. Cities play a crucial role in welcoming migrants and refugees and in their integration with local societies. Cities are spaces for refugee and immigrant reception, rights protection, and inclusion in local communities. Migration represents significant challenges for city governance, social cohesion, and realisation of human rights for all. This paper is based on, and describes, UNESCO-ECCAR-GMPA-Marianna V. Vardinoyannis Foundation ongoing research project on ‘Cities Welcoming Refugees and Migrants’ launched in May 2016. The 6-year research project analysed contemporary experiences, policies, and practice of cities with a particular focus on Europe. This paper discusses the research project, its methodology, key types of data, documents and literature reviewed, and key findings. This paper discusses the trilogy of research questions: how to obtain knowledge and assessment of place, policy, and practice of cities welcoming migrants and refugees; whether there are common approaches and policies referencing values and rights; and do common approaches, policy, and practice represent a coherent values-based framework across multiple cities in Europe. The study of city experiences shows a largely common welcoming city agenda regarding the reception and integration of refugees and migrants. The research findings highlight that deliberate values and rights-based approach is the foundation of a welcoming city.","PeriodicalId":117722,"journal":{"name":"Revista Tecnológica - ESPOL","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130284456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Muñoz Llorca, Diana Ximena Tutistar Rosero, Lucy Polo Castillo
La situación de emergencia ocasionada por la COVID-19 trajo como consecuencia el aumento de la vulnerabilidad social y económica en poblaciones vulnerables, entre las que se destacan las mujeres inmigrantes, especialmente aquellas en situación administrativa irregular. En un estudio realizado por la Asociación Por Ti Mujer, en el año 2020, se sistematizaron las experiencias vitales y realidades vividas por el colectivo de mujeres inmigrantes latinoamericanas de la ciudad de València y su área metropolitana, incidiendo en el impacto de la crisis sociosanitaria consecuencia de la COVID-19, especialmente en lo concerniente a las dimensiones laboral, económica y emocional, concluyendo que dichas afectaciones vulneran el ejercicio de los derechos fundamentales. Considerando el papel de incidencia social y política que juegan las organizaciones del tercer sector y, ante la constatada debilidad e insuficiencia de los sistemas de protección social, desde su trabajo de investigación e incidencia con la creación de este tipo de informes, la trayectoria de la Asociación Por Ti Mujer constituye un ejemplo de buenas prácticas en la contribución a la gobernanza democrática, a la construcción de políticas públicas, al fortalecimiento y la defensa de los derechos humanos de las mujeres inmigrantes y, a la sensibilización y el fortalecimiento de la sociedad civil.
{"title":"COVID-19 y Migración: aportes a la gobernanza desde el asociacionismo de las mujeres inmigrantes en Valencia (España)","authors":"Ana Muñoz Llorca, Diana Ximena Tutistar Rosero, Lucy Polo Castillo","doi":"10.37815/rte.v34n1.902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37815/rte.v34n1.902","url":null,"abstract":"La situación de emergencia ocasionada por la COVID-19 trajo como consecuencia el aumento de la vulnerabilidad social y económica en poblaciones vulnerables, entre las que se destacan las mujeres inmigrantes, especialmente aquellas en situación administrativa irregular. En un estudio realizado por la Asociación Por Ti Mujer, en el año 2020, se sistematizaron las experiencias vitales y realidades vividas por el colectivo de mujeres inmigrantes latinoamericanas de la ciudad de València y su área metropolitana, incidiendo en el impacto de la crisis sociosanitaria consecuencia de la COVID-19, especialmente en lo concerniente a las dimensiones laboral, económica y emocional, concluyendo que dichas afectaciones vulneran el ejercicio de los derechos fundamentales. Considerando el papel de incidencia social y política que juegan las organizaciones del tercer sector y, ante la constatada debilidad e insuficiencia de los sistemas de protección social, desde su trabajo de investigación e incidencia con la creación de este tipo de informes, la trayectoria de la Asociación Por Ti Mujer constituye un ejemplo de buenas prácticas en la contribución a la gobernanza democrática, a la construcción de políticas públicas, al fortalecimiento y la defensa de los derechos humanos de las mujeres inmigrantes y, a la sensibilización y el fortalecimiento de la sociedad civil.","PeriodicalId":117722,"journal":{"name":"Revista Tecnológica - ESPOL","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134424140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Migrant workers perform essential work but often have to do so in substandard or even abusive conditions. Women make up nearly half the migrant workforce and are exposed to extra dangers to their health and safety. The COVID-19 pandemic and other events have heightened the visibility of their situation. The rights-based approach, developed over a period of more than 60 years, offers coherent solutions to the whole range of issues pertaining to the employment of international migrant workers. It covers recruitment, admission, employment, unemployment, training, occupational safety, health care, social security, organisation, housing, family, and others, that by minimising the differences in treatment and opportunities between migrant and national workers protect not only migrant but also national workers and minimise social and economic divisions and the risk of political divisions inherent in them. Using examples, the article outlines the risk of discriminatory treatment not only by individuals but by law and administrative practice for migrant workers and the need to control the risk, not least for the benefit of national workers. It describes the many ways and situations in which migrant workers have been found to suffer discrimination. It takes a close look at the definition of discrimination in the international Conventions adopted in response. Among their implications it highlights the issue of indirect discrimination and touches on the issue of positive discrimination. Some reasons given by states for keeping migrant workers in situations prone to discrimination are mentioned.
{"title":"Migrant workers and discrimination: realities, threats, and remedies","authors":"August Gächter","doi":"10.37815/rte.v34n1.907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37815/rte.v34n1.907","url":null,"abstract":"Migrant workers perform essential work but often have to do so in substandard or even abusive conditions. Women make up nearly half the migrant workforce and are exposed to extra dangers to their health and safety. The COVID-19 pandemic and other events have heightened the visibility of their situation. The rights-based approach, developed over a period of more than 60 years, offers coherent solutions to the whole range of issues pertaining to the employment of international migrant workers. It covers recruitment, admission, employment, unemployment, training, occupational safety, health care, social security, organisation, housing, family, and others, that by minimising the differences in treatment and opportunities between migrant and national workers protect not only migrant but also national workers and minimise social and economic divisions and the risk of political divisions inherent in them. Using examples, the article outlines the risk of discriminatory treatment not only by individuals but by law and administrative practice for migrant workers and the need to control the risk, not least for the benefit of national workers. It describes the many ways and situations in which migrant workers have been found to suffer discrimination. It takes a close look at the definition of discrimination in the international Conventions adopted in response. Among their implications it highlights the issue of indirect discrimination and touches on the issue of positive discrimination. Some reasons given by states for keeping migrant workers in situations prone to discrimination are mentioned.","PeriodicalId":117722,"journal":{"name":"Revista Tecnológica - ESPOL","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121780704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
La presente investigación tiene como propósito evaluar el servicio de soporte técnico de TI de la Gerencia de Tecnología Informática (GTI) de la Empresa Pública Flota Petrolera Ecuatoriana (EP FLOPEC), utilizando el modelo SERVPERF (Service Perfomance) y el marco de medición de la calidad de los servicios de TI (ITSQM). El modelo SERVPERF se empleó para determinar el grado de satisfacción de los usuarios del servicio y el marco ITSQM, para conocer de qué indicadores se sirve la GTI en la medición de los servicios que ofrece. Tal proceso se realizó con el fin de determinar el nivel de calidad percibido del servicio y la relación existente entre los resultados de ambas metodologías. El alcance de esta investigación fue de tipo descriptivo y de campo, con un enfoque mixto (cualitativo-cuantitativo). Se utilizó una muestra de 94 individuos —que incluía al gerente de la GTI‒‒, obtenida mediante un muestreo probabilístico, durante el periodo de agosto a octubre del año 2020, entre la totalidad de usuarios de los servicios de la matriz EP FLOPEC en la ciudad de Esmeraldas. Los resultados revelaron que el servicio de soporte de TI, de forma general, es satisfactorio, ya que alcanzó una puntuación de 4.41/5, pero también mostraron su potencial perfectibilidad debido a que la GTI gestiona los servicios de TI con base en la experiencia y el conocimiento propio, además de los criterios del estándar ISO27001.
{"title":"Calidad de servicio del soporte técnico utilizando el modelo SERVPERF y el marco ITSQM","authors":"John P. Medrano-Colorado, Xavier Quiñonez-Ku","doi":"10.37815/rte.v33n3.810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37815/rte.v33n3.810","url":null,"abstract":"La presente investigación tiene como propósito evaluar el servicio de soporte técnico de TI de la Gerencia de Tecnología Informática (GTI) de la Empresa Pública Flota Petrolera Ecuatoriana (EP FLOPEC), utilizando el modelo SERVPERF (Service Perfomance) y el marco de medición de la calidad de los servicios de TI (ITSQM). El modelo SERVPERF se empleó para determinar el grado de satisfacción de los usuarios del servicio y el marco ITSQM, para conocer de qué indicadores se sirve la GTI en la medición de los servicios que ofrece. Tal proceso se realizó con el fin de determinar el nivel de calidad percibido del servicio y la relación existente entre los resultados de ambas metodologías. El alcance de esta investigación fue de tipo descriptivo y de campo, con un enfoque mixto (cualitativo-cuantitativo). Se utilizó una muestra de 94 individuos —que incluía al gerente de la GTI‒‒, obtenida mediante un muestreo probabilístico, durante el periodo de agosto a octubre del año 2020, entre la totalidad de usuarios de los servicios de la matriz EP FLOPEC en la ciudad de Esmeraldas. Los resultados revelaron que el servicio de soporte de TI, de forma general, es satisfactorio, ya que alcanzó una puntuación de 4.41/5, pero también mostraron su potencial perfectibilidad debido a que la GTI gestiona los servicios de TI con base en la experiencia y el conocimiento propio, además de los criterios del estándar ISO27001.","PeriodicalId":117722,"journal":{"name":"Revista Tecnológica - ESPOL","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114605893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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