Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.19080/oajs.2022.13.555875
F. Botero
Interventional therapies to address brain disorders carry out an additional risk due to the central nervous system’s difficult access and intrinsic complexity. Focused ultrasound therapy (FUT) is an incision-free, minimally invasive procedure that employs sound waves to produce either thermal ablation or neuromodulation according to the waveform intensity. Despite the growing evidence of the benefits and advantages of FUT, many of its potential applications have not been explored in their entirety. The mechanism of action of Focused Ultrasound involves the generation of mechanical and thermal effects on the target tissue. Magnetic resonance-guided is the most common method for delivery of FUT in the brain. Most benefits of brain FUT can be attributed to its ability to ablate target tissue or modulate neuronal activity. However, this technology can also be used to open, temporarily and reversibly, the blood-brain barrier to allow the delivery of medications directly to the affected tissue. Currently, there are few FDA-approved brain FUT applications, including the treatment of essential tremor, Parkinson’s disease tremor, and other kinetic disorders. However, several other therapeutic applications are in the early stages of research, such as epilepsy, trigeminal neuralgia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, and utilizing FUT for the local delivery of drugs. This review aims to highlight some of the most significant present and future applications of focused ultrasound therapy in neurological conditions. Considering its apparent safety profile and efficacy, this emerging technology could become a feasible therapeutic alternative for multiple nervous system disorders.
{"title":"Brain-Focused Ultrasound Therapy: Current Applications and Future Prospects","authors":"F. Botero","doi":"10.19080/oajs.2022.13.555875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajs.2022.13.555875","url":null,"abstract":"Interventional therapies to address brain disorders carry out an additional risk due to the central nervous system’s difficult access and intrinsic complexity. Focused ultrasound therapy (FUT) is an incision-free, minimally invasive procedure that employs sound waves to produce either thermal ablation or neuromodulation according to the waveform intensity. Despite the growing evidence of the benefits and advantages of FUT, many of its potential applications have not been explored in their entirety. The mechanism of action of Focused Ultrasound involves the generation of mechanical and thermal effects on the target tissue. Magnetic resonance-guided is the most common method for delivery of FUT in the brain. Most benefits of brain FUT can be attributed to its ability to ablate target tissue or modulate neuronal activity. However, this technology can also be used to open, temporarily and reversibly, the blood-brain barrier to allow the delivery of medications directly to the affected tissue. Currently, there are few FDA-approved brain FUT applications, including the treatment of essential tremor, Parkinson’s disease tremor, and other kinetic disorders. However, several other therapeutic applications are in the early stages of research, such as epilepsy, trigeminal neuralgia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, and utilizing FUT for the local delivery of drugs. This review aims to highlight some of the most significant present and future applications of focused ultrasound therapy in neurological conditions. Considering its apparent safety profile and efficacy, this emerging technology could become a feasible therapeutic alternative for multiple nervous system disorders.","PeriodicalId":118049,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126188299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-14DOI: 10.19080/oajs.2022.13.555873
M. Corbitt
{"title":"Preoperative Imaging Continues to Lower Negative Appendicectomy Rates (NAR)-A Retrospective Analysis of a Tertiary Health Service in Australia","authors":"M. Corbitt","doi":"10.19080/oajs.2022.13.555873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajs.2022.13.555873","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118049,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122649678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-14DOI: 10.19080/oajs.2020.12.555838
R. Ershadi
Tracheal injuries are relatively rare; however, their mortality rate is relatively high. Complete disruption of the trachea is extremely rare, and a systematic approach is required for early diagnosis and favorable outcomes. This is a case report of a 17-year-old male admitted to the emergency room after a motor vehicle accident. He was agitated and in respiratory distress with labored breathing and urgently intubated orotracheally. In the first flexible bronchoscopy, the diagnosis of the tracheal transaction was missed. Due to saturation drop and high peak ventilator pressures on the seventh day, the flexible bronchoscopy examination was performed in the operating room. This measure revealed complete tracheal transection in midportion. Neck exploration demonstrated complete tracheal transection. The area was debrided, and primary end-to-end anastomosis was performed. The patient was extubated at the end of the surgery.
{"title":"Delayed Diagnosis of Complete Tracheal Transection","authors":"R. Ershadi","doi":"10.19080/oajs.2020.12.555838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajs.2020.12.555838","url":null,"abstract":"Tracheal injuries are relatively rare; however, their mortality rate is relatively high. Complete disruption of the trachea is extremely rare, and a systematic approach is required for early diagnosis and favorable outcomes. This is a case report of a 17-year-old male admitted to the emergency room after a motor vehicle accident. He was agitated and in respiratory distress with labored breathing and urgently intubated orotracheally. In the first flexible bronchoscopy, the diagnosis of the tracheal transaction was missed. Due to saturation drop and high peak ventilator pressures on the seventh day, the flexible bronchoscopy examination was performed in the operating room. This measure revealed complete tracheal transection in midportion. Neck exploration demonstrated complete tracheal transection. The area was debrided, and primary end-to-end anastomosis was performed. The patient was extubated at the end of the surgery.","PeriodicalId":118049,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122079355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-29DOI: 10.19080/oajs.2019.10.555799
Megha Tandon
Primary thyroid lymphoma is very rare. It is defined as lymphoma involving the thyroid gland or the gland and regional lymph nodes with no metastasis of other areas at the time of diagnosis [1]. Primary involvement of thyroid is very rare, and it usually arises in immunologically abnormal gland in background of lymphocytic thyroiditis [2]. Malignant lymphoma constitutes 1%-3.5% of all the thyroid malignancies [3]. Extra nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT Type) usually occurs in mucosa of gastrointestinal tract. They may arise in salivary glands, lungs, skin and another site including thyroid. Because of the coexistence of neoplastic and reactive processes in thyroid, there may be difficulty in diagnosing maltoma using cytology and histology. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and flowcytometry techniques are required to confirm the diagnosis of maltoma [2].
{"title":"Primary Thyroid Maltoma: A Rare Case Report","authors":"Megha Tandon","doi":"10.19080/oajs.2019.10.555799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajs.2019.10.555799","url":null,"abstract":"Primary thyroid lymphoma is very rare. It is defined as lymphoma involving the thyroid gland or the gland and regional lymph nodes with no metastasis of other areas at the time of diagnosis [1]. Primary involvement of thyroid is very rare, and it usually arises in immunologically abnormal gland in background of lymphocytic thyroiditis [2]. Malignant lymphoma constitutes 1%-3.5% of all the thyroid malignancies [3]. Extra nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT Type) usually occurs in mucosa of gastrointestinal tract. They may arise in salivary glands, lungs, skin and another site including thyroid. Because of the coexistence of neoplastic and reactive processes in thyroid, there may be difficulty in diagnosing maltoma using cytology and histology. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and flowcytometry techniques are required to confirm the diagnosis of maltoma [2].","PeriodicalId":118049,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121901437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-25DOI: 10.19080/oajs.2019.10.555798
P. Duc
Liver abscess is a common condition in tropical countries and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Traditionally, there are two major classifications of hepatic abscess; pyogenic and amoebic [1,2]. There are various complications associated with hepatic abscesses, of which, rupture of the abscess is the most common [3-5]. Intraperitoneal rupture of liver abscess is a rare but potentially fatal disease, often involving the elderly, who are commonly of poor surgical risk with background of significant medical illness [6,7]. Accurate preoperative diagnosis is difficult and often necessitates exploratory laparotomy for peritonitis [8].
{"title":"Laparoscopic Surgery for Intra-abdominal Ruptured Liver Abscess: A study of 32 cases","authors":"P. Duc","doi":"10.19080/oajs.2019.10.555798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajs.2019.10.555798","url":null,"abstract":"Liver abscess is a common condition in tropical countries and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Traditionally, there are two major classifications of hepatic abscess; pyogenic and amoebic [1,2]. There are various complications associated with hepatic abscesses, of which, rupture of the abscess is the most common [3-5]. Intraperitoneal rupture of liver abscess is a rare but potentially fatal disease, often involving the elderly, who are commonly of poor surgical risk with background of significant medical illness [6,7]. Accurate preoperative diagnosis is difficult and often necessitates exploratory laparotomy for peritonitis [8].","PeriodicalId":118049,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130460723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-25DOI: 10.19080/oajs.2019.10.555797
Balakh Sher Zaman
Umbilical and para-umbilical hernia is becoming a relatively common surgical issue. Studies have shown the rising trend in UK [1] i.e. from 5% to 14% as well as in Turkey [2]. Abnormal protrusion of abdominal contents, mesenteric fat, intestines through a weaker area in the anterior abdominal wall closes to umbilicus is called paraumbilical Hernia. Weak spot may result due to defect in the anterior abdominal muscles, rectus sheath or ligaments. The defect may be congenital or acquired [3]. Hernial contents squeeze through the weak spot in the form of protruding hernia sac. Its common complications are strangulation or intestinal obstruction. Commonly women are more prone to develop para umbilical hernias as compared to males. Patients usually present with a visible lump around navel.
{"title":"Comprehensive Outcome of Repair of Small Paraumbilical Hernias by Onlay Mesh Hernioplasty under Local Anesthesia","authors":"Balakh Sher Zaman","doi":"10.19080/oajs.2019.10.555797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajs.2019.10.555797","url":null,"abstract":"Umbilical and para-umbilical hernia is becoming a relatively common surgical issue. Studies have shown the rising trend in UK [1] i.e. from 5% to 14% as well as in Turkey [2]. Abnormal protrusion of abdominal contents, mesenteric fat, intestines through a weaker area in the anterior abdominal wall closes to umbilicus is called paraumbilical Hernia. Weak spot may result due to defect in the anterior abdominal muscles, rectus sheath or ligaments. The defect may be congenital or acquired [3]. Hernial contents squeeze through the weak spot in the form of protruding hernia sac. Its common complications are strangulation or intestinal obstruction. Commonly women are more prone to develop para umbilical hernias as compared to males. Patients usually present with a visible lump around navel.","PeriodicalId":118049,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132457521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-19DOI: 10.19080/oajs.2019.10.555795
N. H. Son
{"title":"Surgical outcomes of Laparoscopic Choledochal Cyst Excision and Roux-En-Y Hepaticojejunostomy in Children","authors":"N. H. Son","doi":"10.19080/oajs.2019.10.555795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajs.2019.10.555795","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118049,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133826610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-19DOI: 10.19080/oajs.2019.10.555796
K. Ayyat
{"title":"Study of Stem Cell Therapy in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Patients Post Myocardial Infarction","authors":"K. Ayyat","doi":"10.19080/oajs.2019.10.555796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajs.2019.10.555796","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118049,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115718746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-12DOI: 10.19080/oajs.2019.10.555793
Khlifi Asmaa
{"title":"Benign Goitre of the Child: Experience of Paediatric Surgery Service A - Rabat about 15 cases","authors":"Khlifi Asmaa","doi":"10.19080/oajs.2019.10.555793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajs.2019.10.555793","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118049,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114716081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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