Yadira Abad-Cordero, Nohemí Del Carmen Jumbo – Benítez, P. Fernandez-Guarnizo, J. González Rogel, Diana Paulina Iñiguez – Ordoñez, D. Pucha – Cofrep
The research had the objective of determining the chemical composition of the wood o f Cedrela odorataL. and its relationship with the chemical properties of the soil in a forest ecosystem; for this purpose, five trees were taken as samples, from which a branch of one meter long of 10 to 20 centimeters in diameter was obtained and the analyses of ash, extracts, lignin and holocellulose of each sample were carrie d o ut; th e analysis of the level of pH, phosphorus and nitrogen of the soil was made. For statistical analysis, the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used with the Dunn test, and a bivariate correlation of Spearman was applied. In general, it was obtained that the holocellulose (62,97 %), is the most abundant component, followed by lignin (30,15 %) and with a lower percentage the content of extractable (5,64) and Ashes (1,24 % ). Th e soil where the individuals grew is very acidic (pH of4,70) with a medium p h os p ho rus level (33,74 ppm), and a high level of nitrogen (165,24 ppm). The relationship betw ee n the chemical properties of the wood and each of the chemical properties of the soil resulted in four relationships, two positive (phosphorus -lignin with a s ign if ic a n c e o f 0.1 and nitrogen -holocellulose with a significance = 0,01) and two negative (p H -a s h with a significance of 0,01 and nitrogen -lignin with a significance value of 0,04). Key words: Chemical composition, wood, Cedrela odorata
本研究的目的是测定香柏木的化学成分。森林生态系统土壤化学性质及其与土壤化学性质的关系为此，我们取了5棵树作为样本，从中提取了1米长、10 ~ 20厘米直径的树枝，并对每个样本的灰分、提取物、木质素和纤维素进行了分析;对土壤的pH、磷、氮进行了分析。统计分析采用非参数Kruskal-Wallis检验和Dunn检验，采用Spearman双变量相关。总的来说，总纤维素含量最高(62,97%)，其次是木质素(30.15%)，可萃取物(5,64)和灰分(1,24%)含量较低。这些个体生长的土壤酸性很强(pH值为4.70)，磷磷含量中等(33,74 ppm)，氮含量高(165,24 ppm)。木材化学性质与土壤各化学性质的关系为4个正相关关系(p - H - s - H显著值为0.01，氮-纤维素显著值为0.01)和2个负相关关系(p - H显著值为0.01，氮-木质素显著值为0.04)。关键词:化学成分，木材，香柏木
{"title":"Composición química de la madera de Cedrela odorataL. y su relación con las propiedades químicas del suelo de la parroquia Zumba provincia de Zamora Chinchipe, Ecuador","authors":"Yadira Abad-Cordero, Nohemí Del Carmen Jumbo – Benítez, P. Fernandez-Guarnizo, J. González Rogel, Diana Paulina Iñiguez – Ordoñez, D. Pucha – Cofrep","doi":"10.47840/reina20218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47840/reina20218","url":null,"abstract":"The research had the objective of determining the chemical composition of the wood o f Cedrela odorataL. and its relationship with the chemical properties of the soil in a forest ecosystem; for this purpose, five trees were taken as samples, from which a branch of one meter long of 10 to 20 centimeters in diameter was obtained and the analyses of ash, extracts, lignin and holocellulose of each sample were carrie d o ut; th e analysis of the level of pH, phosphorus and nitrogen of the soil was made. For statistical analysis, the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used with the Dunn test, and a bivariate correlation of Spearman was applied. In general, it was obtained that the holocellulose (62,97 %), is the most abundant component, followed by lignin (30,15 %) and with a lower percentage the content of extractable (5,64) and Ashes (1,24 % ). Th e soil where the individuals grew is very acidic (pH of4,70) with a medium p h os p ho rus level (33,74 ppm), and a high level of nitrogen (165,24 ppm). The relationship betw ee n the chemical properties of the wood and each of the chemical properties of the soil resulted in four relationships, two positive (phosphorus -lignin with a s ign if ic a n c e o f 0.1 and nitrogen -holocellulose with a significance = 0,01) and two negative (p H -a s h with a significance of 0,01 and nitrogen -lignin with a significance value of 0,04). Key words: Chemical composition, wood, Cedrela odorata","PeriodicalId":118195,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigación Agraria.","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122343485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hector Zhiñin-Quezada, Enrique Narváez-Manchay, Bryan Merino-Gálvez, Darwin Pucha-Cofrep
Agrobiodiversity includes variability at the specific and genetic level, its dynamics and relationships between cultivated plants and their wild relatives. The Theo b ro m a c a c aoL. species has a high cultural and economic value inEcuador because it helps around 100,000 rural families. However, the structure of its wood and the variability of microscopic characteristics between its biotypes is unknown. For this reason, this study seeks to fill th is gap with an anatomical analysis of the wood in its three planes (transverse, tangentia l, a n d radial) according to IAWA regulations in five biotypes of T. cocoa (aromático, criollo, forastero, trinitario y CCN51) from the Piuntza and Guayzimi sectors of the province of Zamora Chinchipe. Itwas found that all biotypes presented simple perforation plates, alternating polygonal pits, diffuse axial parenchyma, multiseriate and uniseriate ra y s , ra y s with procumbent cells of 2-4 rows of vertical and / or marginal square cells,h ow e ve r, th e prismatic crystals, drusen, envelope cells, and perforated radial cells were variable. At a quantitative level, the highest radii were found mainly in the creole and fore ign b io ty pe s , while the CCN51 and trinitariobiotypes obtained higher values in vessels per square millimeter. With this, it was shown that all the individuals analyzed, despite being of the same species, had anatomical differences, which shows that the microscopic study of woo d is a very useful tool for the identification of biotypes within a species.Keywords:Wood anatomy, cacao, biotype, IAWA, agrobiodiversity
{"title":"Diversidad anatómica de cinco biotipos de la especie Theobroma cacao(cacao) en la región sur de Ecuador","authors":"Hector Zhiñin-Quezada, Enrique Narváez-Manchay, Bryan Merino-Gálvez, Darwin Pucha-Cofrep","doi":"10.47840/reina20219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47840/reina20219","url":null,"abstract":"Agrobiodiversity includes variability at the specific and genetic level, its dynamics and relationships between cultivated plants and their wild relatives. The Theo b ro m a c a c aoL. species has a high cultural and economic value inEcuador because it helps around 100,000 rural families. However, the structure of its wood and the variability of microscopic characteristics between its biotypes is unknown. For this reason, this study seeks to fill th is gap with an anatomical analysis of the wood in its three planes (transverse, tangentia l, a n d radial) according to IAWA regulations in five biotypes of T. cocoa (aromático, criollo, forastero, trinitario y CCN51) from the Piuntza and Guayzimi sectors of the province of Zamora Chinchipe. Itwas found that all biotypes presented simple perforation plates, alternating polygonal pits, diffuse axial parenchyma, multiseriate and uniseriate ra y s , ra y s with procumbent cells of 2-4 rows of vertical and / or marginal square cells,h ow e ve r, th e prismatic crystals, drusen, envelope cells, and perforated radial cells were variable. At a quantitative level, the highest radii were found mainly in the creole and fore ign b io ty pe s , while the CCN51 and trinitariobiotypes obtained higher values in vessels per square millimeter. With this, it was shown that all the individuals analyzed, despite being of the same species, had anatomical differences, which shows that the microscopic study of woo d is a very useful tool for the identification of biotypes within a species.Keywords:Wood anatomy, cacao, biotype, IAWA, agrobiodiversity","PeriodicalId":118195,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigación Agraria.","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116602924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research evaluated the chemical composition of the wood of Juglans neotropica D ie ls (Walnut) and its relationship with the chemical properties of the soil, ina humid forest ecosystem of the Valladolid parish in southern Ecuador. For this purp os e , w o od s a m ple s were taken from five walnut trees and soil samples around each individual within a ra d iu s of two meters. Later, in the laboratory, the chemical characterization of the woodwas carried out, as well as the edaphic analysis. For statistical analysis between variables, we used the non-parametric test of Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman. The results showed th a t th e wood of Walnut has greater percentage of holocellulose (78.91%), followed by lignin (13.39%), and in smaller proportions of extractive (5.76%) and ashes (1.94%). The soil presented an average pH of 5.21 (acid), high levels of nitrogen (159.39 ppm) and phosphorus (57.33 ppm). It was evidenced that among the variables of soiland wood th e re are two significant negative relationships (nitrogen-holocellulose and phosphorus-extractants), and a positive relationship (nitrogen-lynogen). However, the p H a n d th e a s h did not present any relation with the components and properties analyzed.Key word:Extractives, ash, lignin, holocellulose, pH.
本研究评估了厄瓜多尔南部巴利亚多利德教区湿润森林生态系统中胡桃木(Juglans neotropica D ie ls)木材的化学成分及其与土壤化学性质的关系。为了这个目的，研究人员从五棵核桃树和每棵核桃树周围两米范围内的土壤样本中提取了每颗核桃树的样本。后来，在实验室里，对木材进行了化学表征，以及土壤分析。对于变量间的统计分析，我们使用了Kruskal-Wallis和Spearman的非参数检验。结果表明:核桃木中纤维素含量最高(78.91%)，木质素含量次之(13.39%)，萃取物含量最低(5.76%)，灰分含量最低(1.94%)。土壤的平均pH值为5.21(酸性)，高氮(159.39 ppm)和高磷(57.33 ppm)。结果表明，土壤和木材各变量之间存在两个显著的负相关关系(氮-综纤维素和磷-萃取剂)和一个正相关关系(氮-lynogen)。然而，pha和hha与所分析的组分和性能没有任何关系。关键词:提取物，灰分，木质素，全息纤维素，pH值
{"title":"Composición química de la madera de Juglans NeotropicaDiels., y su relación con las propiedades químicas del suelo enla parroquia Valladolid, provincia de Zamora Chinchipe, Ecuado","authors":"Jhuliana Xiomara Valverde - Rodríguez","doi":"10.47840/reina202120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47840/reina202120","url":null,"abstract":"This research evaluated the chemical composition of the wood of Juglans neotropica D ie ls (Walnut) and its relationship with the chemical properties of the soil, ina humid forest ecosystem of the Valladolid parish in southern Ecuador. For this purp os e , w o od s a m ple s were taken from five walnut trees and soil samples around each individual within a ra d iu s of two meters. Later, in the laboratory, the chemical characterization of the woodwas carried out, as well as the edaphic analysis. For statistical analysis between variables, we used the non-parametric test of Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman. The results showed th a t th e wood of Walnut has greater percentage of holocellulose (78.91%), followed by lignin (13.39%), and in smaller proportions of extractive (5.76%) and ashes (1.94%). The soil presented an average pH of 5.21 (acid), high levels of nitrogen (159.39 ppm) and phosphorus (57.33 ppm). It was evidenced that among the variables of soiland wood th e re are two significant negative relationships (nitrogen-holocellulose and phosphorus-extractants), and a positive relationship (nitrogen-lynogen). However, the p H a n d th e a s h did not present any relation with the components and properties analyzed.Key word:Extractives, ash, lignin, holocellulose, pH.","PeriodicalId":118195,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigación Agraria.","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126391949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yazmin Isabel Camacho-Gahona, Oscar Rodrigo Ordoñez-Gutiérrez, Wilson Rolando Chalco-Sandoval
The tara (Caesalpinia spinosa)is a forest species native to South America, which presents a great potential in the world industry in the field of agro-export and agribusiness, for the use of its derivatives as tannins, which has anunmet demand in the market to be used in tanning and food industries; the present thesis project had the purpose of determining the amount of tannins present in the fruits collected in El Portete neighborhood, for this purpose, aqueous extracts were elaborated by maceration and heating, to which were make organoleptic (color and smell) and physical-chemical (p H and density) analyses, and, the quantification of tannins to each extract, considering two concentrations ofpotassium permanganate solution (0.025and 0.1 N). The results show that the organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics of the extracts obtained by heating and maceration did not present significant differences between them, except fo r the pH that ranges from moderately (3,7) to slightlyacid (4,3); as regards the quantification of tannins, there is a similarity between the values obtained with th e tw o extraction methods; however, there were differences between the value s re a ch e d w ith the two concentrations of potassium permanganate, obtaining the best yields (52,5 %) at the concentration of KMnO4at 0,1 N. Keywords:Potentiality, Quantification of tannins, Concentrations and Yield
{"title":"Determinación del contenido de taninos extraído de la vaina de la tara (Caesalpinia spinosa)proveniente del barrio el portete, cantón Gonzanamá de la provincia de Loja","authors":"Yazmin Isabel Camacho-Gahona, Oscar Rodrigo Ordoñez-Gutiérrez, Wilson Rolando Chalco-Sandoval","doi":"10.47840/reina20216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47840/reina20216","url":null,"abstract":"The tara (Caesalpinia spinosa)is a forest species native to South America, which presents a great potential in the world industry in the field of agro-export and agribusiness, for the use of its derivatives as tannins, which has anunmet demand in the market to be used in tanning and food industries; the present thesis project had the purpose of determining the amount of tannins present in the fruits collected in El Portete neighborhood, for this purpose, aqueous extracts were elaborated by maceration and heating, to which were make organoleptic (color and smell) and physical-chemical (p H and density) analyses, and, the quantification of tannins to each extract, considering two concentrations ofpotassium permanganate solution (0.025and 0.1 N). The results show that the organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics of the extracts obtained by heating and maceration did not present significant differences between them, except fo r the pH that ranges from moderately (3,7) to slightlyacid (4,3); as regards the quantification of tannins, there is a similarity between the values obtained with th e tw o extraction methods; however, there were differences between the value s re a ch e d w ith the two concentrations of potassium permanganate, obtaining the best yields (52,5 %) at the concentration of KMnO4at 0,1 N. Keywords:Potentiality, Quantification of tannins, Concentrations and Yield","PeriodicalId":118195,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigación Agraria.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116548064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Toi Hezer Ferrer –Vilca, Agustina Valverde Rodriguez
ABSTRACTThe objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of organic fertiliz a tio n o n th e yield of the bean crop, in the town of San Pedro de Chonta, located over 2 , 4 00 m e te rs above sea level. The experimental design of Completely Random Blocks (D BCA ) w a s used with three treatments (T1: Sheep manure, T2: Guinea pig manure, T3: Cattle manure) and a control (T0: nofertilization); incorporated at a rateof 28 t ha-1. The variables evaluated were: number, size and weight of pods per plant; gra in w e igh t p e r ANE and number of nodules for each type of fertilizer. The fertilizers we re a p plie d to the sowing depositing thefertilizer between each plant.According to the results, the best treatment that stood out in most of the parameters evaluated was treatment T1 (sheep manure) which, regarding the number of pods per plant, reported 35.48 ; f or th e size of pods per plant itregistered 13.98 cm; for the weight ofpods per plant I report 60.69 g; also for the weight of grains per ANE obtained 0.55 kg; Regarding the numb er of nodules per plant, 40.08 were obtained; the yield per hectare was 2 712.50 kg / haKeywords:Fertilization, yield, edaphoclimatic conditions
摘要本研究的目的是在海拔2400米以上的圣佩德罗德琼塔镇评估有机肥和有机肥对豆类作物产量的影响。试验设计为完全随机区组(D BCA)，采用3种处理(T1:羊粪、T2:豚鼠粪、T3:牛粪)和对照(T0:不施肥);以28吨/公顷的比率合并。评估的变量为:每株荚果的数量、大小和重量;每一种肥料的根瘤数和根瘤数的重量。我们在播种时施用化肥，在每株植物之间施用化肥。结果表明，在大多数评价参数中，处理T1(羊粪)表现最好，单株荚果数为35.48个;每株豆荚的大小为13.98厘米;每株豆荚的重量我报告为60.69 g;每ANE的谷物重量也为0.55 kg;单株根瘤数为40.08个;单产2 712.50 kg /公顷关键词:施肥，产量，气候条件
{"title":"Rendimiento del frejol (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) variedad canario con tres fuentes de abonos orgánicos en el distrito de Cholón, Huánuco-Perú","authors":"Toi Hezer Ferrer –Vilca, Agustina Valverde Rodriguez","doi":"10.47840/reina20217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47840/reina20217","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of organic fertiliz a tio n o n th e yield of the bean crop, in the town of San Pedro de Chonta, located over 2 , 4 00 m e te rs above sea level. The experimental design of Completely Random Blocks (D BCA ) w a s used with three treatments (T1: Sheep manure, T2: Guinea pig manure, T3: Cattle manure) and a control (T0: nofertilization); incorporated at a rateof 28 t ha-1. The variables evaluated were: number, size and weight of pods per plant; gra in w e igh t p e r ANE and number of nodules for each type of fertilizer. The fertilizers we re a p plie d to the sowing depositing thefertilizer between each plant.According to the results, the best treatment that stood out in most of the parameters evaluated was treatment T1 (sheep manure) which, regarding the number of pods per plant, reported 35.48 ; f or th e size of pods per plant itregistered 13.98 cm; for the weight ofpods per plant I report 60.69 g; also for the weight of grains per ANE obtained 0.55 kg; Regarding the numb er of nodules per plant, 40.08 were obtained; the yield per hectare was 2 712.50 kg / haKeywords:Fertilization, yield, edaphoclimatic conditions","PeriodicalId":118195,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigación Agraria.","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127302823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marina Elizabeth Esparza-Aguilar, Wilson Rolando Chalco-Sandoval
The need of carrying a harvest and post-harvest management by the producers of aro ma tic plants is each time higher, however, since there are limitations to carry out these processes , the improvement of harvest and post-harvest management of organic a ro m atic h e rbs h a s been proposed as a main objective, for which a diagnosis was made through the application of surveys to farmers, where some inconveniences on the topic were identifie d a s w e ll a s the need of making a good harvest and post-harvest management for both Jamaica (Hibiscus) flower and lemongrass; based on these results, preliminary tests were made with fresh material and different packing types, stored at temperatures between 6.9 a n d 7 . 9 °C, then, definitive treatments were established and organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological characteristics were evaluated; with these results it was determined that Jamaica flower packed in a raffia and polypropylene sack with 6 holes and ref rige ra ted a t temperatures between 6.9 and 7.9 °C, preserved quality characteristics for 16 days; meanwhile, lemongrass packed in a 20 liter bucket and stored at the same temperature interval, had a useful lifetime of 17 days. Retail prices go up to 1.99 and 0.53 USD for Jamaica flower and lemongrass, respectively.
{"title":"Cosecha y poscosecha de flor de jamaica y hierba luisa orgánica en el sector “La era” del canton Catamayo, provincia de Loja.","authors":"Marina Elizabeth Esparza-Aguilar, Wilson Rolando Chalco-Sandoval","doi":"10.47840/reina20215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47840/reina20215","url":null,"abstract":"The need of carrying a harvest and post-harvest management by the producers of aro ma tic plants is each time higher, however, since there are limitations to carry out these processes , the improvement of harvest and post-harvest management of organic a ro m atic h e rbs h a s been proposed as a main objective, for which a diagnosis was made through the application of surveys to farmers, where some inconveniences on the topic were identifie d a s w e ll a s the need of making a good harvest and post-harvest management for both Jamaica (Hibiscus) flower and lemongrass; based on these results, preliminary tests were made with fresh material and different packing types, stored at temperatures between 6.9 a n d 7 . 9 °C, then, definitive treatments were established and organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological characteristics were evaluated; with these results it was determined that Jamaica flower packed in a raffia and polypropylene sack with 6 holes and ref rige ra ted a t temperatures between 6.9 and 7.9 °C, preserved quality characteristics for 16 days; meanwhile, lemongrass packed in a 20 liter bucket and stored at the same temperature interval, had a useful lifetime of 17 days. Retail prices go up to 1.99 and 0.53 USD for Jamaica flower and lemongrass, respectively.","PeriodicalId":118195,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigación Agraria.","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134321889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present investigation carries out the analysis of the technological innovation of the application of pressurized irrigation in seven user directories of the San Juan - Patoa River of La Matriz Parish of the Pujilí Canton, for which the objectives were: To identify the degree of adoption of the technification of traditional irrigation; Observe the degree of commitment of the irrigators for the adoption of the irrigation system; Establish interinstitutional collaboration in the execution of the project. The methodology applied in the present analysis is based on the theory of innovation. From which it is concluded that: 14% of the seven directories of users of irrigation water, has implemented the system of pressurized irrigation with a reservoir of 80000 m3 for 490 ha; The members of the seven irrigation boards signed the agreements for the technification of the irrigation system; The municipal GAD of Pujilí canton paid for the studies, the Provincial GAD of Cotopaxi executed the work, with the supervision of the National Directorate of Water Resources Keywords: technological innovation, pressurized irrigation
本调查对Pujilí州La Matriz教区圣胡安-帕托亚河七个用户目录中加压灌溉应用的技术创新进行了分析，其目的是:确定传统灌溉技术化的采用程度;观察灌溉人员对采用灌溉系统的承诺程度;在项目执行中建立机构间合作。本文所采用的分析方法是基于创新理论的。结果表明:7个灌溉水用户目录中，有14%实施了加压灌溉系统，水库面积490 ha, 80000 m3;七个灌溉委员会的成员签署了灌溉系统技术化的协议;研究经费由广东省Pujilí市农业和农业发展局资助，科托帕希省农业和农业发展局执行，国家水利局负责监督。关键词:技术创新，加压灌溉
{"title":"Analysis of the technological change of the irrigation system of seven directories of the San Juan River.Ecuador","authors":"Emerson Javier Jacome Mogro","doi":"10.47840/reina20192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47840/reina20192","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation carries out the analysis of the technological innovation of the application of pressurized irrigation in seven user directories of the San Juan - Patoa River of La Matriz Parish of the Pujilí Canton, for which the objectives were: To identify the degree of adoption of the technification of traditional irrigation; Observe the degree of commitment of the irrigators for the adoption of the irrigation system; Establish interinstitutional collaboration in the execution of the project. The methodology applied in the present analysis is based on the theory of innovation. From which it is concluded that: 14% of the seven directories of users of irrigation water, has implemented the system of pressurized irrigation with a reservoir of 80000 m3 for 490 ha; The members of the seven irrigation boards signed the agreements for the technification of the irrigation system; The municipal GAD of Pujilí canton paid for the studies, the Provincial GAD of Cotopaxi executed the work, with the supervision of the National Directorate of Water Resources Keywords: technological innovation, pressurized irrigation","PeriodicalId":118195,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigación Agraria.","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123757532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil erosion leads to a series of impacts, inside and outside the ecosystem that in turn are related to the productive capacity of the soil and the depletion of nutrients. This document gives us a vision of the state of soil loss due to water erosion, framed in a set of selected ecosystem service indicators (ES) that include supply and demand indicators that represent the three main supplier, regulatory and sociocultural categories. The choice of appropriate indicators and their calculation is presented using the example of class ES "massive stabilization and control of erosion rates" and "control of soil erosion water". Nearly natural ecosystems often resist erosion to a greater extent than areas in use, whose erosion rates depend on natural parameters and factors related to use. The main indicator captures the protective effect of ecosystems against soil loss, calculated from the difference in annual losses and the rate of hypothetical erosion without vegetation. The objective is to show the development of indicators with a focus on stakeholder participation and adopt regulatory processes that help counteract the effects of soil erosion. Keywords: soil erosion, satellite images, stabilization, control.
{"title":"Indicators to measure soil erosion for rain action: A review with emphasis on massive stabilization and control of erosion rates","authors":"L. M. Alvarez-Benaute","doi":"10.47840/reina20200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47840/reina20200","url":null,"abstract":"Soil erosion leads to a series of impacts, inside and outside the ecosystem that in turn are related to the productive capacity of the soil and the depletion of nutrients. This document gives us a vision of the state of soil loss due to water erosion, framed in a set of selected ecosystem service indicators (ES) that include supply and demand indicators that represent the three main supplier, regulatory and sociocultural categories. The choice of appropriate indicators and their calculation is presented using the example of class ES \"massive stabilization and control of erosion rates\" and \"control of soil erosion water\". Nearly natural ecosystems often resist erosion to a greater extent than areas in use, whose erosion rates depend on natural parameters and factors related to use. The main indicator captures the protective effect of ecosystems against soil loss, calculated from the difference in annual losses and the rate of hypothetical erosion without vegetation. The objective is to show the development of indicators with a focus on stakeholder participation and adopt regulatory processes that help counteract the effects of soil erosion. Keywords: soil erosion, satellite images, stabilization, control.","PeriodicalId":118195,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigación Agraria.","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125271898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Proeulia auraria mating disruption (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) using synthetic copies of the sex pheromone of the female insect, a mixture of two components E-tetradecyl acetate (E11-14: OAc) + E-11-tetradecanol (E11-14: OH), it was evaluated in orchards infested vine, apples and blueberries using the formulation SPLAT (Specialized Pheromone Lure Application and Technology). In terms of g pheromone and number of stations / sources 0.1 has been tested: 7.8 g in 25 sources, 7.8 g in 75 sources, and 29.5 g in 25 sources in vineyards; and 2.6 g in 25 sources (blueberry) and 75 sources (apple). All trials considered a witness without pheromone (control) and recorded weekly catches of adult male P. auraria Delta traps. In all treatments there was no P. auraria. Catches during the first three weeks, after application of SPLAT, compared with the control group (without pheromone), showing significantly higher catches. These results show a high percentage (100%) of disruption, however it must be confirmed in time and should be supplemented with assessments of damage to the foliage and fruit crops. Keywords: Pheromones, catches, Delta traps, mating disruption.
采用SPLAT (Specialized pheromone Lure Application and Technology)配方，利用雌性昆虫的合成性信息素(E11-14: OAc) + e -11-十四醇(E11-14: OH)的混合物，对葡萄、苹果和蓝莓等果园害虫进行了交配干扰试验。在g信息素和站点/源数量方面，0.1已测试:25个源7.8 g, 75个源7.8 g, 25个源29.5 g;25种食物来源(蓝莓)和75种食物来源(苹果)中含有2.6克。所有试验均考虑不使用费洛蒙的证人(对照)，并记录每周捕获的成年雄性三角洲型金黄色假单孢虫陷阱。在所有处理中均未发现金黄色葡萄球菌。施用SPLAT后前三周的渔获量，与对照组(不施用信息素)相比，渔获量显著增加。这些结果表明，破坏的百分比很高(100%)，但必须及时确认，并应辅以对叶片和水果作物的损害评估。关键词:信息素，捕获，三角诱捕器，交配干扰。
{"title":"Splat formulation for the control of Proeulia auraria (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) through the method of sexual confusion in fruits","authors":"Agustina Valverde-Rodríguez","doi":"10.47840/reina20199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47840/reina20199","url":null,"abstract":"The Proeulia auraria mating disruption (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) using synthetic copies of the sex pheromone of the female insect, a mixture of two components E-tetradecyl acetate (E11-14: OAc) + E-11-tetradecanol (E11-14: OH), it was evaluated in orchards infested vine, apples and blueberries using the formulation SPLAT (Specialized Pheromone Lure Application and Technology). In terms of g pheromone and number of stations / sources 0.1 has been tested: 7.8 g in 25 sources, 7.8 g in 75 sources, and 29.5 g in 25 sources in vineyards; and 2.6 g in 25 sources (blueberry) and 75 sources (apple). All trials considered a witness without pheromone (control) and recorded weekly catches of adult male P. auraria Delta traps. In all treatments there was no P. auraria. Catches during the first three weeks, after application of SPLAT, compared with the control group (without pheromone), showing significantly higher catches. These results show a high percentage (100%) of disruption, however it must be confirmed in time and should be supplemented with assessments of damage to the foliage and fruit crops. Keywords: Pheromones, catches, Delta traps, mating disruption.","PeriodicalId":118195,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigación Agraria.","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124572744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to evaluate the impact of long-term agronomic management and intensive fertilization on the soil properties of Pachitea, this study was carried out. Five lots were taken from the province of Pachitea, representative soils of the type of management carried out in this agricultural context. A virgin or pristine soil as absolute control (SV), a soil with less than 20 years of traditional agriculture (SAT1), a soil with intensive fertilization for more than 40 years (SFI), a soil with traditional agriculture between 20-40 years (SAT2), a soil with organic fertilization for more than 40 years (SAO) and a forest soil (SB). Soil samples were taken f rom each 20 cm deep lot and all their physical and chemical properties were analyzed. The results were analyzed in a principal component analysis (PCA), analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis. The results showed that the agricultural use of the changes changed all the physical and chemical properties of the soil over time. The most sensitive characteristics were pH and organic matter (OM). The changeable acidity (AC) was explained by the presence of Aluminum (Al) and very little by hydrogen (H), suggesting that the degradation of soils is quite strong in this context. Key words: Organic matter, Aluminum, pH https://doi.org/10.47840/ReInA20191
{"title":"Impact of agronomic management and intensive fertilization on the soils of Panao","authors":"Liliana Vega-Jara","doi":"10.47840/reina20191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47840/reina20191","url":null,"abstract":"In order to evaluate the impact of long-term agronomic management and intensive fertilization on the soil properties of Pachitea, this study was carried out. Five lots were taken from the province of Pachitea, representative soils of the type of management carried out in this agricultural context. A virgin or pristine soil as absolute control (SV), a soil with less than 20 years of traditional agriculture (SAT1), a soil with intensive fertilization for more than 40 years (SFI), a soil with traditional agriculture between 20-40 years (SAT2), a soil with organic fertilization for more than 40 years (SAO) and a forest soil (SB). Soil samples were taken f rom each 20 cm deep lot and all their physical and chemical properties were analyzed. The results were analyzed in a principal component analysis (PCA), analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis. The results showed that the agricultural use of the changes changed all the physical and chemical properties of the soil over time. The most sensitive characteristics were pH and organic matter (OM). The changeable acidity (AC) was explained by the presence of Aluminum (Al) and very little by hydrogen (H), suggesting that the degradation of soils is quite strong in this context. Key words: Organic matter, Aluminum, pH https://doi.org/10.47840/ReInA20191","PeriodicalId":118195,"journal":{"name":"Revista Investigación Agraria.","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125840433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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