R. Moceikis, A. Kičaitė, G. Skripkiūnas, A. Korjakins
Glass fiber reinforced concrete (GRC) is used for 40 years to create world’s most stunning and complex architectural elements due to its high mechanical properties, particularly flexural strength. Yet it is very important to note that any type of glass fibers in the concrete matrix are undergoing complex ageing processes, resulting to significant decrease of initial mechanical characteristics of this composite material under natural weathering conditions. Aspects of GRC durability are mainly dependent from the properties of fibers and interaction between them and concrete matrix. In this article, long term strength retention of this composite material is discussed, existing experimental data of weathering tests presented, and main corrosion mechanisms explained. Lack of knowledge about freeze- thaw resistance of glass fiber reinforced concrete is addressed. Finally, latest attempts of GRC durability improvement are reviewed, such as adding micro fillers, polymers to the concrete matrix and enhancing surface of fibers in Nano scale.
{"title":"Ageing models and accelerated ageing tests of glass fiber reinforced concrete","authors":"R. Moceikis, A. Kičaitė, G. Skripkiūnas, A. Korjakins","doi":"10.3846/EST.2018.1467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/EST.2018.1467","url":null,"abstract":"Glass fiber reinforced concrete (GRC) is used for 40 years to create world’s most stunning and complex architectural elements due to its high mechanical properties, particularly flexural strength. Yet it is very important to note that any type of glass fibers in the concrete matrix are undergoing complex ageing processes, resulting to significant decrease of initial mechanical characteristics of this composite material under natural weathering conditions. Aspects of GRC durability are mainly dependent from the properties of fibers and interaction between them and concrete matrix. In this article, long term strength retention of this composite material is discussed, existing experimental data of weathering tests presented, and main corrosion mechanisms explained. Lack of knowledge about freeze- thaw resistance of glass fiber reinforced concrete is addressed. Finally, latest attempts of GRC durability improvement are reviewed, such as adding micro fillers, polymers to the concrete matrix and enhancing surface of fibers in Nano scale.","PeriodicalId":11839,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures and Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45279460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents an overview of innovative solutions in Construction Industry (CI) between 2016 and 2018. Trends in events within CI were compiled mainly on the basis of reports, to a large extent originating from the US market.Directions and conditions of development of CI (in terms of design, technology and socio-economic sense) are considered. The importance of issues related to digitization, integrated activities (from integrated management to the integrated BIM), and partly augmented reality were highlighted. An attempt to synthesize new instruments in Construction Management has been presented.
{"title":"Innovative solutions in construction industry. Review of 2016–2018 events and trends","authors":"O. Kapliński","doi":"10.3846/EST.2018.1469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/EST.2018.1469","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an overview of innovative solutions in Construction Industry (CI) between 2016 and 2018. Trends in events within CI were compiled mainly on the basis of reports, to a large extent originating from the US market.Directions and conditions of development of CI (in terms of design, technology and socio-economic sense) are considered. The importance of issues related to digitization, integrated activities (from integrated management to the integrated BIM), and partly augmented reality were highlighted. An attempt to synthesize new instruments in Construction Management has been presented.","PeriodicalId":11839,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures and Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45157320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Damage to the reinforced concrete structure is mainly occurring because of two reasons either due to end of service life or due to load exceeds beyond structural capacity. Along with these two reasons degradation of material property is the one more major factor which causes the risk of failure. A concrete structure constructed in an aqueous environment get exposed to the corrosion process. Consequently, this causes the generation of crack, fragilization, a decrease of bond strength between reinforcement and concrete. All these factors affection static and dynamic behavior of concrete structure reducing the service life of an affected area. Whereas service life carries the major role in the economy of a concrete structure that is why various methods have been developed in the second half of the 20th century to find out the residual life of the structure. In this proposed work, a non-destructive technique is used to predict the residual life of reinforced concrete beams having different cracking levels, as results of steel reinforcement corrosion, considering the variation produced in the dynamic behavior, through the variation of the first natural vibration frequency. Whereas to accelerate the corrosion process, impress current technique is used in which a current is externally applied to induce corrosion in reinforcement and then crack widths and vibration natural frequencies were measured. A numerical model is proposed with the help of FEM based Auto desk Algor simulation software to predict attack penetration depth. At the end, the paper is concluded by giving an effect of “water to cement ratio” and “cover to diameter ratio” on the initiation and propagation of corrosion and residual life of corroded beam specimen is graphically represented.
{"title":"Corrosion impact analysis on residual life of structure using cathodic technique and algor simulation software","authors":"C. Nayak, Nivedita Sunil Throat, S. Thakare","doi":"10.3846/EST.2018.1468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/EST.2018.1468","url":null,"abstract":"Damage to the reinforced concrete structure is mainly occurring because of two reasons either due to end of service life or due to load exceeds beyond structural capacity. Along with these two reasons degradation of material property is the one more major factor which causes the risk of failure. A concrete structure constructed in an aqueous environment get exposed to the corrosion process. Consequently, this causes the generation of crack, fragilization, a decrease of bond strength between reinforcement and concrete. All these factors affection static and dynamic behavior of concrete structure reducing the service life of an affected area. Whereas service life carries the major role in the economy of a concrete structure that is why various methods have been developed in the second half of the 20th century to find out the residual life of the structure. In this proposed work, a non-destructive technique is used to predict the residual life of reinforced concrete beams having different cracking levels, as results of steel reinforcement corrosion, considering the variation produced in the dynamic behavior, through the variation of the first natural vibration frequency. Whereas to accelerate the corrosion process, impress current technique is used in which a current is externally applied to induce corrosion in reinforcement and then crack widths and vibration natural frequencies were measured. A numerical model is proposed with the help of FEM based Auto desk Algor simulation software to predict attack penetration depth. At the end, the paper is concluded by giving an effect of “water to cement ratio” and “cover to diameter ratio” on the initiation and propagation of corrosion and residual life of corroded beam specimen is graphically represented.","PeriodicalId":11839,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures and Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44945140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-27DOI: 10.3846/2029882X.2018.1445037
A. Sygulska, Tomasz Czerniak, Adrian Czarny-Kropiwnicki
Architectural acoustics of contemporary sacred buildings is still an under-appreciated issue. Many contemporary churches are not functional enough due to acoustic defects which occur there. The study discusses issues of the modern Catholic church, where acoustic problems surface as high reverberant noise levels. The building under investigation, i.e. the Church of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, is the biggest contemporary church in Poznan, Poland, as its internal volume amounts to 16,800 m³. On the basis of in situ investigations, a computer model of the church was built and a series of simulations were carried out to determine correct treatment in order to achieve satisfactory acoustic conditions. The main assumption was to find such a solution as not to affect the modernist architecture of the church.
{"title":"Experimental investigations and computer simulations to solve acoustic problems in the modern church","authors":"A. Sygulska, Tomasz Czerniak, Adrian Czarny-Kropiwnicki","doi":"10.3846/2029882X.2018.1445037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/2029882X.2018.1445037","url":null,"abstract":"Architectural acoustics of contemporary sacred buildings is still an under-appreciated issue. Many contemporary churches are not functional enough due to acoustic defects which occur there. The study discusses issues of the modern Catholic church, where acoustic problems surface as high reverberant noise levels. The building under investigation, i.e. the Church of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, is the biggest contemporary church in Poznan, Poland, as its internal volume amounts to 16,800 m³. On the basis of in situ investigations, a computer model of the church was built and a series of simulations were carried out to determine correct treatment in order to achieve satisfactory acoustic conditions. The main assumption was to find such a solution as not to affect the modernist architecture of the church.","PeriodicalId":11839,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures and Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46066408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-27DOI: 10.3846/2029882X.2018.1445038
Y. Abadou, R. Kettab, A. Ghrieb
The waste-modified mortars have an important place in the range of repair products. The objective of this study is to better understand and analyze, in one hand, the influence of ceramic waste in the dune sand mortars on the quality of repair concrete surfaces, in the other hand, durability of the mortars in interaction with the substrates to which they are applied. As regards the mortar layer durability, two indicators are chosen: the first is the adhesion to the substrate, and the second is the stress state in the mortar layer. For this, two types of modified mortars were made using two types of waste ceramics: sanitary ceramics and earthenware. To evaluate the quality of the adhesion to a substrate surface to be repaired, an adhesion test based on the three point bending test was implemented, taking into account the influences of the environment, the state of the surface of the substrate, the nature of the substrate defined by its water saturation degree and its porosity. The mortar composition parameters, in particular, the nature and the amount of ceramic, were studied. The results enable us to evaluate the influences of the waste ceramic incorporation in the mortar and the substrate condition on which the mortar is applied. Show that the adhesion depends on both the type and the amount of the used ceramic waste and the applied cure. It is optimized from 30% of ceramic earthenware and sanitary mortar adhesive strengths are higher than mortars based on dune sand ones.
{"title":"DURABILITY OF A REPAIRED DUNE SAND MORTAR MODIFIED BY CERAMIC WASTE","authors":"Y. Abadou, R. Kettab, A. Ghrieb","doi":"10.3846/2029882X.2018.1445038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/2029882X.2018.1445038","url":null,"abstract":"The waste-modified mortars have an important place in the range of repair products. The objective of this study is to better understand and analyze, in one hand, the influence of ceramic waste in the dune sand mortars on the quality of repair concrete surfaces, in the other hand, durability of the mortars in interaction with the substrates to which they are applied. As regards the mortar layer durability, two indicators are chosen: the first is the adhesion to the substrate, and the second is the stress state in the mortar layer. For this, two types of modified mortars were made using two types of waste ceramics: sanitary ceramics and earthenware. To evaluate the quality of the adhesion to a substrate surface to be repaired, an adhesion test based on the three point bending test was implemented, taking into account the influences of the environment, the state of the surface of the substrate, the nature of the substrate defined by its water saturation degree and its porosity. The mortar composition parameters, in particular, the nature and the amount of ceramic, were studied. The results enable us to evaluate the influences of the waste ceramic incorporation in the mortar and the substrate condition on which the mortar is applied. Show that the adhesion depends on both the type and the amount of the used ceramic waste and the applied cure. It is optimized from 30% of ceramic earthenware and sanitary mortar adhesive strengths are higher than mortars based on dune sand ones.","PeriodicalId":11839,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures and Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46113502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-21DOI: 10.3846/2029882X.2017.1414638
M. Rodrigues, J. Correia, B. Pedrosa, A. Jesus, B. Carvalho, C. Rebelo, J. Xavier, R. Calçada
The behaviour of standard bolted steel connections submitted to monotonic loads, through the use of numerical models, is presented in the current paper. The bolted connections allow speed up constructive processes in an increasingly competitive and globalized world in which the costs are a decisive factor in the development of a project. The use of computational tools in the analysis of bolted connections becomes determinant, mainly for new solutions or solutions less explored in terms of design codes. Throughout the years, bolted connections have been suffering transformations resulting from research activities performed by many authors. Rivets have been replaced by bolts, the main achievement being the pre-stressed bolts. Methodologies based on finite element analyses were proposed for double shear bolted connection. The non-linear behaviour of these connections is investigated and their performances are compared. In the numerical modelling of the bolted connection, linear elastic and elastoplastic analyzes reveal that there are two slip levels associated with local non-linearities caused by the contact pairs, which vary with clamping stresses.
{"title":"Numerical analysis of a double shear standard bolted connection considering monotonic loadings","authors":"M. Rodrigues, J. Correia, B. Pedrosa, A. Jesus, B. Carvalho, C. Rebelo, J. Xavier, R. Calçada","doi":"10.3846/2029882X.2017.1414638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/2029882X.2017.1414638","url":null,"abstract":"The behaviour of standard bolted steel connections submitted to monotonic loads, through the use of numerical models, is presented in the current paper. \u0000The bolted connections allow speed up constructive processes in an increasingly competitive and globalized world in which the costs are a decisive factor in the development of a project. The use of computational tools in the analysis of bolted connections becomes determinant, mainly for new solutions or solutions less explored in terms of design codes. \u0000Throughout the years, bolted connections have been suffering transformations resulting from research activities performed by many authors. Rivets have been replaced by bolts, the main achievement being the pre-stressed bolts. Methodologies based on finite element analyses were proposed for double shear bolted connection. The non-linear behaviour of these connections is investigated and their performances are compared. In the numerical modelling of the bolted connection, linear elastic and elastoplastic analyzes reveal that there are two slip levels associated with local non-linearities caused by the contact pairs, which vary with clamping stresses.","PeriodicalId":11839,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures and Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3846/2029882X.2017.1414638","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44479163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-21DOI: 10.3846/2029882X.2017.1417062
G. Lesiuk, A. Sawicka, J. Correia, R. Frątczak
PEEK is a thermoplastic polymer with halfcrystallic structure – the scientific name of this material is poly(oxy- 1,4-phenylene-oxy-1,4-phenylenecarbonyl-1,4-phenylene). It has a high melt and glass transition temperatures (Tm = 340 oC, Tg = 143 oC), high chemical resistance and is melt processable. Thus it has been used in a variety of structural and insulation applications. Nowadays, one of them is the biomedical application. The mechanical properties of PEEK have been extensively investigated in many research papers. However, there is not so high number of papers devoted to the fracture susceptibility of PEEK-material. Therefore, the the aim of this work is to present the results of studies on PEEK material with the use of fracture toughness test and digital image correlation. In order to conduct the tests, there were used two types of samples: SENB and CT. In comparison with other polymeric materials subjected to biomedical application, PEEK material presents relatively good fracture resistance with their biocompatibility.
{"title":"Fracture resistance analysis of PEEK-polymer","authors":"G. Lesiuk, A. Sawicka, J. Correia, R. Frątczak","doi":"10.3846/2029882X.2017.1417062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/2029882X.2017.1417062","url":null,"abstract":"PEEK is a thermoplastic polymer with halfcrystallic structure – the scientific name of this material is poly(oxy- 1,4-phenylene-oxy-1,4-phenylenecarbonyl-1,4-phenylene). It has a high melt and glass transition temperatures (Tm = 340 oC, Tg = 143 oC), high chemical resistance and is melt processable. Thus it has been used in a variety of structural and insulation applications. Nowadays, one of them is the biomedical application. The mechanical properties of PEEK have been extensively investigated in many research papers. However, there is not so high number of papers devoted to the fracture susceptibility of PEEK-material. Therefore, the the aim of this work is to present the results of studies on PEEK material with the use of fracture toughness test and digital image correlation. In order to conduct the tests, there were used two types of samples: SENB and CT. In comparison with other polymeric materials subjected to biomedical application, PEEK material presents relatively good fracture resistance with their biocompatibility.","PeriodicalId":11839,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures and Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3846/2029882X.2017.1417062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44161123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-21DOI: 10.3846/2029882X.2017.1404939
R. Richman, E. Bentz, Denver Jermyn, Chang Sun
Metal roof decks in long-span light steel structures can become damaged and obsolete by corrosion should the roofing system become compromised. Re-roofing is conducted by either removing and replacing damaged areas (resulting in suspension of interior operations and lost revenue) or installing new decking directly over the damaged areas which can transfer corrosion to the new deck. This research conducts structural and durability analyses on a novel proposed re-roofing concept that installs a new metal roof deck over the existing deck by using a proprietary deck strap resulting in no interruption of interior processes. Preliminary structural analysis shows the proposed concept to be applicable to generic conditions around Southern Ontario. Recommendations for project specific structural analysis are made. Durability analysis demonstrates that the proposed concept system improves hygrothermal performance of the roof assembly in all cases except when insulation in the existing roof assembly is saturated. Saturated insulation should be removed prior to installing the re-roofing system.
{"title":"Structural and durability analysis of a novel re-roofing concept","authors":"R. Richman, E. Bentz, Denver Jermyn, Chang Sun","doi":"10.3846/2029882X.2017.1404939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/2029882X.2017.1404939","url":null,"abstract":"Metal roof decks in long-span light steel structures can become damaged and obsolete by corrosion should the roofing system become compromised. Re-roofing is conducted by either removing and replacing damaged areas (resulting in suspension of interior operations and lost revenue) or installing new decking directly over the damaged areas which can transfer corrosion to the new deck. This research conducts structural and durability analyses on a novel proposed re-roofing concept that installs a new metal roof deck over the existing deck by using a proprietary deck strap resulting in no interruption of interior processes. Preliminary structural analysis shows the proposed concept to be applicable to generic conditions around Southern Ontario. Recommendations for project specific structural analysis are made. Durability analysis demonstrates that the proposed concept system improves hygrothermal performance of the roof assembly in all cases except when insulation in the existing roof assembly is saturated. Saturated insulation should be removed prior to installing the re-roofing system.","PeriodicalId":11839,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures and Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3846/2029882X.2017.1404939","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48129853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-21DOI: 10.3846/2029882X.2017.1414636
M. Labibzadeh, Reza Hamidi
The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the stress path, size and shape of the specimen, on the optimum values of the plastic input parameters of Concrete Damaged Plasticity-CDP- model of the ABAQUS software. This study concentrates on eccentricity, dilatation angle and viscosity input parameters. To finding optimum values of the mentioned parameters, an objective function which estimates the error of the model predictions was defined and tried to minimize. For evaluating the effect of the stress path on this optimization procedure, four different standard tests were simulated by the ABAQUS software: uniaxial compression, dual compression, dual-border cut specimen and three-point bending tests. For studying the effect of the size of the specimen, the three-point bending test, with three different sizes of the beam were modeled in the ABAQUS software. Furthermore, for investigating the effect of the specimen shape on the input parameters, a notched disk in a tensile stress field was modeled. Obtained results demonstrated that the path of the stress can influence significantly on the optimum values of the input parameters, while it was revealed that the CDP model can automatically take into account the size and shape effects in the simulation.
{"title":"Effect of stress path, size and shape on the optimum parameters of a brittle-ductile concrete model","authors":"M. Labibzadeh, Reza Hamidi","doi":"10.3846/2029882X.2017.1414636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/2029882X.2017.1414636","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the stress path, size and shape of the specimen, on the optimum values of the plastic input parameters of Concrete Damaged Plasticity-CDP- model of the ABAQUS software. This study concentrates on eccentricity, dilatation angle and viscosity input parameters. To finding optimum values of the mentioned parameters, an objective function which estimates the error of the model predictions was defined and tried to minimize. For evaluating the effect of the stress path on this optimization procedure, four different standard tests were simulated by the ABAQUS software: uniaxial compression, dual compression, dual-border cut specimen and three-point bending tests. For studying the effect of the size of the specimen, the three-point bending test, with three different sizes of the beam were modeled in the ABAQUS software. Furthermore, for investigating the effect of the specimen shape on the input parameters, a notched disk in a tensile stress field was modeled. Obtained results demonstrated that the path of the stress can influence significantly on the optimum values of the input parameters, while it was revealed that the CDP model can automatically take into account the size and shape effects in the simulation.","PeriodicalId":11839,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures and Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3846/2029882X.2017.1414636","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46596837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-21DOI: 10.3846/2029882X.2017.1414637
Patricia Raposo, J. Correia, G. Lesiuk, I. Valente, A. Jesus, R. Calçada
In repairing and retrofitting processes of ancient riveted steel bridges is crucial to assess the structural state of old metals to guaranty structural safety. Metals under long-time operations (mild, rimmed low carbon steels <0.1% C, puddle irons) and cyclic loading present a tendency for degradation processes. The case-studies of this work are five metallic bridges existing in Portugal (Luiz I, Eiffel, Fao, Pinhao and Trezoi). This work presents the study of some characteristics of materials extracted from the five case-studies, such as: monotonic tensile strength, chemical composition, microstructures, hardness, notch toughness and fatigue crack propagation. In terms of monotonic tensile tests, the materials from Luiz I, Eiffel and Fao bridges are similar to puddle steel and the materials from Pinhao and Trezoi bridges are similar to mild steel. In terms of toughness only the material from the Pinhao bridge exhibits acceptable toughness properties, considering current design requirements. The materials from the other bridges exhibit relatively low toughness properties. The fatigue crack propagation data from the old Portuguese riveted steel bridges were correlated using the Paris’s law and the possibility for a design crack growth rate was discussed.
在古铆接钢桥的修复改造过程中，对旧金属结构状态进行评估是保证结构安全的关键。金属在长时间运行(低碳钢，边缘低碳钢<0.1% C，水坑铁)和循环加载下表现出降解过程的趋势。这项工作的案例研究是葡萄牙现有的五座金属桥(Luiz I, Eiffel, Fao, Pinhao和Trezoi)。本文介绍了从五个案例中提取的材料的一些特征，如:单调抗拉强度、化学成分、显微组织、硬度、缺口韧性和疲劳裂纹扩展。在单调拉伸试验方面，Luiz I、Eiffel和Fao桥梁的材料类似于水坑钢，Pinhao和Trezoi桥梁的材料类似于低碳钢。就韧性而言，考虑到目前的设计要求，只有来自品豪桥的材料具有可接受的韧性。其他桥梁的材料表现出相对较低的韧性。利用巴黎定律对葡萄牙老铆接钢桥的疲劳裂纹扩展数据进行了关联，并讨论了设计裂纹扩展速率的可能性。
{"title":"Mechanical characterization of ancient Portuguese riveted bridges steels","authors":"Patricia Raposo, J. Correia, G. Lesiuk, I. Valente, A. Jesus, R. Calçada","doi":"10.3846/2029882X.2017.1414637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/2029882X.2017.1414637","url":null,"abstract":"In repairing and retrofitting processes of ancient riveted steel bridges is crucial to assess the structural state of old metals to guaranty structural safety. Metals under long-time operations (mild, rimmed low carbon steels <0.1% C, puddle irons) and cyclic loading present a tendency for degradation processes. The case-studies of this work are five metallic bridges existing in Portugal (Luiz I, Eiffel, Fao, Pinhao and Trezoi). This work presents the study of some characteristics of materials extracted from the five case-studies, such as: monotonic tensile strength, chemical composition, microstructures, hardness, notch toughness and fatigue crack propagation. In terms of monotonic tensile tests, the materials from Luiz I, Eiffel and Fao bridges are similar to puddle steel and the materials from Pinhao and Trezoi bridges are similar to mild steel. In terms of toughness only the material from the Pinhao bridge exhibits acceptable toughness properties, considering current design requirements. The materials from the other bridges exhibit relatively low toughness properties. The fatigue crack propagation data from the old Portuguese riveted steel bridges were correlated using the Paris’s law and the possibility for a design crack growth rate was discussed.","PeriodicalId":11839,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures and Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3846/2029882X.2017.1414637","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43470129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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