Khayyam Hashmi, Amal Alhosban, Zaki Malik, B. Medjahed
Automated negotiation among Web services not only provides an effective way for the services to bargain for their optimal customizations, but also allows the discovery of overlooked potential solutions. A number of negotiation supporting techniques have been used to find solutions that are acceptable to all parties in the negotiation. However, employing these solutions for automated negotiations among Web services has its own challenges. In this paper, we present the design of a Negotiation Web service that would be used by both the consumers and providers of Web services for conducting negotiations. This negotiation service uses a genetic algorithm(GA) based approach for finding acceptable solutions in multi-party and multi-objective negotiations. In addition to the traditional genetic operators of crossover and mutation, the search is enhanced using anew operator called the Norm. Norm operator represents the cumulative knowledge of all the parties involved in the negotiation process. GA performance with the new Norm operator is compared to the traditional GA, hill-climber and random search techniques. Experimental results indicate the practicality of our approach in facilitating the negotiations involved in a Web service composition process. Specifically, the proposed GA with Norm operator performs better than other approaches.
{"title":"WebNeg: A Genetic Algorithm Based Approach for Service Negotiation","authors":"Khayyam Hashmi, Amal Alhosban, Zaki Malik, B. Medjahed","doi":"10.1109/ICWS.2011.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2011.55","url":null,"abstract":"Automated negotiation among Web services not only provides an effective way for the services to bargain for their optimal customizations, but also allows the discovery of overlooked potential solutions. A number of negotiation supporting techniques have been used to find solutions that are acceptable to all parties in the negotiation. However, employing these solutions for automated negotiations among Web services has its own challenges. In this paper, we present the design of a Negotiation Web service that would be used by both the consumers and providers of Web services for conducting negotiations. This negotiation service uses a genetic algorithm(GA) based approach for finding acceptable solutions in multi-party and multi-objective negotiations. In addition to the traditional genetic operators of crossover and mutation, the search is enhanced using anew operator called the Norm. Norm operator represents the cumulative knowledge of all the parties involved in the negotiation process. GA performance with the new Norm operator is compared to the traditional GA, hill-climber and random search techniques. Experimental results indicate the practicality of our approach in facilitating the negotiations involved in a Web service composition process. Specifically, the proposed GA with Norm operator performs better than other approaches.","PeriodicalId":118512,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Web Services","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132640702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Service composition has received significant attention in the research community, and the focus has been on service semantics and composition algorithms. Surprisingly, the problem of representation of the composition outcome has been largely ignored. Ad-hoc workflows are often employed, which typically sacrifice alternative paths and parallelism for the sake of simple representation. In this paper, we show how theory of regions, which was originally developed to derive Petri nets from finite state automata, can be applied to find the optimal representation of composition. To apply the theory, we first propose an automaton-based composition framework that incorporates most existing composition techniques without changing the service semantics or its description language. Then based on the special requirements of the composition representation, we develop our own Petri net synthesis algorithm that combines the benefits of two well known algorithms from the theory of regions. We demonstrate that AND/OR workflow nets can limit the concurrency even for simple input/output based service composition, while our Petri net representation is optimal in terms of flexibility and parallelism. Our experimental evaluations include a case study on composing Google Checkout Service, and the study on Oracle BPEL samples, for which our algorithm obtains better concurrent representations for almost all non-trivial cases.
{"title":"On the Optimal Petri Net Representation for Service Composition","authors":"Yin Wang, Ahmed Nazeem, R. Swaminathan","doi":"10.1109/ICWS.2011.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2011.40","url":null,"abstract":"Service composition has received significant attention in the research community, and the focus has been on service semantics and composition algorithms. Surprisingly, the problem of representation of the composition outcome has been largely ignored. Ad-hoc workflows are often employed, which typically sacrifice alternative paths and parallelism for the sake of simple representation. In this paper, we show how theory of regions, which was originally developed to derive Petri nets from finite state automata, can be applied to find the optimal representation of composition. To apply the theory, we first propose an automaton-based composition framework that incorporates most existing composition techniques without changing the service semantics or its description language. Then based on the special requirements of the composition representation, we develop our own Petri net synthesis algorithm that combines the benefits of two well known algorithms from the theory of regions. We demonstrate that AND/OR workflow nets can limit the concurrency even for simple input/output based service composition, while our Petri net representation is optimal in terms of flexibility and parallelism. Our experimental evaluations include a case study on composing Google Checkout Service, and the study on Oracle BPEL samples, for which our algorithm obtains better concurrent representations for almost all non-trivial cases.","PeriodicalId":118512,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Web Services","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115277495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transactions are a fundamental technology for building efficient and reliable web service based applications. Various models and protocols have been developed by academic and industrial research community in order to effectively manage web services transactions. We propose a novel abstract model for dynamically modeling distinct web services transaction protocols. Model-based testing techniques can be used on the abstract model in order to automatically generate test scenarios.
{"title":"An Abstract Transaction Model for Testing the Web Services Transactions","authors":"Ruben Casado, J. Tuya, M. Younas","doi":"10.1109/ICWS.2011.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2011.98","url":null,"abstract":"Transactions are a fundamental technology for building efficient and reliable web service based applications. Various models and protocols have been developed by academic and industrial research community in order to effectively manage web services transactions. We propose a novel abstract model for dynamically modeling distinct web services transaction protocols. Model-based testing techniques can be used on the abstract model in order to automatically generate test scenarios.","PeriodicalId":118512,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Web Services","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115532670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jia Zhang, R. Madduri, Wei Tan, Kevin Deichl, J. Alexander, Ian T Foster
caGrid has accumulated a repository of biomedical services, however, how a cancer researcher can find proper services in the caGrid when needed remains a big challenge. This research aims to enhance the cyber infrastructure of caGrid, by developing a mechanism that turns caGrid services into semantic-aware interoperable services. We proposed a service semantics model, and developed a technique that automatically extracts semantic metadata from static WSDL service descriptions. Such semantic information is stored as loosely coupled annotations that can be queried using semantic Web techniques, to enhance services discovery and composition. We also proposed a two-phase discovery technique that helps users quickly identify interested service operations. This paper also reports our examinations over available techniques and recommends a feasible infrastructure for biomedical service reuse. A prototyping system is developed as a proof of concept.
{"title":"Toward Semantics Empowered Biomedical Web Services","authors":"Jia Zhang, R. Madduri, Wei Tan, Kevin Deichl, J. Alexander, Ian T Foster","doi":"10.1109/ICWS.2011.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2011.123","url":null,"abstract":"caGrid has accumulated a repository of biomedical services, however, how a cancer researcher can find proper services in the caGrid when needed remains a big challenge. This research aims to enhance the cyber infrastructure of caGrid, by developing a mechanism that turns caGrid services into semantic-aware interoperable services. We proposed a service semantics model, and developed a technique that automatically extracts semantic metadata from static WSDL service descriptions. Such semantic information is stored as loosely coupled annotations that can be queried using semantic Web techniques, to enhance services discovery and composition. We also proposed a two-phase discovery technique that helps users quickly identify interested service operations. This paper also reports our examinations over available techniques and recommends a feasible infrastructure for biomedical service reuse. A prototyping system is developed as a proof of concept.","PeriodicalId":118512,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Web Services","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115543571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context-aware service is a new service mode that can provide appropriate service automatically to improve service level based on context information. In context-aware service, service is provided based on the current scene of customer. The scene is identified by context, and scene transition is caused by the change of context. Current research focuses on modeling service with context directly. However, the fact is that the vast majority of context change does not cause the change of scene, and monitoring context to determine the scene directly is inefficient, especially of the multi-context application. We use event which is defined by context as the motivation of scene change and propose an event driven model of context-aware service: EDM. A case of smart home service is discussed to show how to use EDM to do the requirement analysis, design, and implementation of context-aware service. Experimental results show that this approach can effectively reduce the number of scene determination in multi-context application.
{"title":"An Event Driven Model for Context-Aware Service","authors":"Tong Mo, Weiping Li, Weijie Chu, Zhonghai Wu","doi":"10.1109/ICWS.2011.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2011.125","url":null,"abstract":"Context-aware service is a new service mode that can provide appropriate service automatically to improve service level based on context information. In context-aware service, service is provided based on the current scene of customer. The scene is identified by context, and scene transition is caused by the change of context. Current research focuses on modeling service with context directly. However, the fact is that the vast majority of context change does not cause the change of scene, and monitoring context to determine the scene directly is inefficient, especially of the multi-context application. We use event which is defined by context as the motivation of scene change and propose an event driven model of context-aware service: EDM. A case of smart home service is discussed to show how to use EDM to do the requirement analysis, design, and implementation of context-aware service. Experimental results show that this approach can effectively reduce the number of scene determination in multi-context application.","PeriodicalId":118512,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Web Services","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123460109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Service negotiation allows a service client to negotiate with a service provider on the terms of service. Much existing work on service negotiation assumes that a provider will define its negotiation strategy in terms of the state of its resources. This approach can lead to complex strategy and assumes, unrealistically, that providers have full knowledge and control of their resources. We propose a hierarchical model of service negotiation in which negotiation strategy is defined in terms of sub-negotiations with internal or external agents. This model helps to manage the complexity of negotiation strategy by allowing it to be decomposed, with each component having well-defined scope. In this paper we present our hierarchical negotiation model, and a negotiation protocol and negotiation policy language based on it.
{"title":"A Hierarchical Approach to Service Negotiation","authors":"G. Bruns, M. Cortes","doi":"10.1109/ICWS.2011.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2011.117","url":null,"abstract":"Service negotiation allows a service client to negotiate with a service provider on the terms of service. Much existing work on service negotiation assumes that a provider will define its negotiation strategy in terms of the state of its resources. This approach can lead to complex strategy and assumes, unrealistically, that providers have full knowledge and control of their resources. We propose a hierarchical model of service negotiation in which negotiation strategy is defined in terms of sub-negotiations with internal or external agents. This model helps to manage the complexity of negotiation strategy by allowing it to be decomposed, with each component having well-defined scope. In this paper we present our hierarchical negotiation model, and a negotiation protocol and negotiation policy language based on it.","PeriodicalId":118512,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Web Services","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127375479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Immersive Web (IW for short) applications such as Second Life and SimCity are increasingly popular among individual users and companies. However, it is difficult to build a hybrid Immersive Web application, because of the different architectures used for building such IW applications. In this paper, we propose a service-oriented framework to support the mashup of heterogeneous IW applications for hybrid IW applications. We first model each object in IW (e.g., a virtual album or a virtual room) as an IW Object Service (IWOS) located by a unique URL with standardized service interfaces. As such, one IW application can use an IWOS instance in another IW application. Moreover, non-IW applications (e.g., an online album system) can also access an IWOS instance via its service interface. We further propose a service-oriented framework to manipulate these IWOS instances, to support the transition of these objects mainly between different IW applications, and to enable the transition between IW applications and non-IW applications. Our framework also includes the fundamental services to build hybrid IW applications. Finally, we provide examples to demonstrate the advantages of our framework, and conduct a qualitative analysis to show the effectiveness.
{"title":"A Service-Oriented Framework for Hybrid Immersive Web Applications","authors":"Lijun Mei, Yimin Wang, Qicheng Li, Jian Wang, Ziyu Zhu","doi":"10.1109/ICWS.2011.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2011.115","url":null,"abstract":"Immersive Web (IW for short) applications such as Second Life and SimCity are increasingly popular among individual users and companies. However, it is difficult to build a hybrid Immersive Web application, because of the different architectures used for building such IW applications. In this paper, we propose a service-oriented framework to support the mashup of heterogeneous IW applications for hybrid IW applications. We first model each object in IW (e.g., a virtual album or a virtual room) as an IW Object Service (IWOS) located by a unique URL with standardized service interfaces. As such, one IW application can use an IWOS instance in another IW application. Moreover, non-IW applications (e.g., an online album system) can also access an IWOS instance via its service interface. We further propose a service-oriented framework to manipulate these IWOS instances, to support the transition of these objects mainly between different IW applications, and to enable the transition between IW applications and non-IW applications. Our framework also includes the fundamental services to build hybrid IW applications. Finally, we provide examples to demonstrate the advantages of our framework, and conduct a qualitative analysis to show the effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":118512,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Web Services","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114766169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiuyun Xu, Kun Chen, Youxiang Duan, S. Reiff-Marganiec
Service-Oriented Computing is benefit of interoperation among services. Current service-oriented computing research is much more concerning the low level interoperation among services, such as service discovery, service composition etc. However, the high level research issue-the feature interaction problem is also challenging the interoperation of service-oriented computing. Traditional feature interaction methods are focused on the service design phrase with formal methods or software engineering analysis. Autonomy and distribution of service deploying style have made the needs of runtime detecting and resolving feature interaction in SOC research community. This paper investigates the detection of feature interactions in web services at runtime and proposes ESTRIPs, an extended STRIPS operation conflict-free of services in business process detection method, which reasons from OWL-S and SWRL combined with runtime SOAP messages. First, we give the model of the feature interaction problem in business process during its execution and then the ESTRIPS method given in detail. The implementation of a prototype is illustrated. Using a real world scenario shows the plausibility of our method of detecting feature interactions of business process.
{"title":"Modeling Business Process of Web Services with an Extended STRIPS Operations to Detection Feature Interaction Problems Runtime","authors":"Jiuyun Xu, Kun Chen, Youxiang Duan, S. Reiff-Marganiec","doi":"10.1109/ICWS.2011.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2011.73","url":null,"abstract":"Service-Oriented Computing is benefit of interoperation among services. Current service-oriented computing research is much more concerning the low level interoperation among services, such as service discovery, service composition etc. However, the high level research issue-the feature interaction problem is also challenging the interoperation of service-oriented computing. Traditional feature interaction methods are focused on the service design phrase with formal methods or software engineering analysis. Autonomy and distribution of service deploying style have made the needs of runtime detecting and resolving feature interaction in SOC research community. This paper investigates the detection of feature interactions in web services at runtime and proposes ESTRIPs, an extended STRIPS operation conflict-free of services in business process detection method, which reasons from OWL-S and SWRL combined with runtime SOAP messages. First, we give the model of the feature interaction problem in business process during its execution and then the ESTRIPS method given in detail. The implementation of a prototype is illustrated. Using a real world scenario shows the plausibility of our method of detecting feature interactions of business process.","PeriodicalId":118512,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Web Services","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124668423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, the Web Services Interoperability Organization(WS-I) has announced to have completed its interoperability standards work. The latest deliverables include the so-called "Basic Security Profile" and the "Reliable SecureProfile". This gives rise to the question whether or not Web Services adopters can rely on interoperability of Web Services stacks, in particular in terms of security and reliability features. To answer this question, we thoroughly analyze two important Web Services stacks for interoperability of WS-Security and WS-Reliable Messaging features. Our analysis shows that security and reliability features are far from being implemented in an interoperable manner. Additionally, we reveal that some of those interoperability problems are not even covered by WS-I profiles and therefore conclude that WS-I's work has not yet resulted in Web Services interoperability.
{"title":"Has WS-I's Work Resulted in Ws-* Interoperability?","authors":"Andreas Schönberger, Johannes Schwalb, G. Wirtz","doi":"10.1109/ICWS.2011.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2011.42","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the Web Services Interoperability Organization(WS-I) has announced to have completed its interoperability standards work. The latest deliverables include the so-called \"Basic Security Profile\" and the \"Reliable SecureProfile\". This gives rise to the question whether or not Web Services adopters can rely on interoperability of Web Services stacks, in particular in terms of security and reliability features. To answer this question, we thoroughly analyze two important Web Services stacks for interoperability of WS-Security and WS-Reliable Messaging features. Our analysis shows that security and reliability features are far from being implemented in an interoperable manner. Additionally, we reveal that some of those interoperability problems are not even covered by WS-I profiles and therefore conclude that WS-I's work has not yet resulted in Web Services interoperability.","PeriodicalId":118512,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Web Services","volume":"319 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116423459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OWL-S is an ontology that provides the necessary vocabulary for describing various components of Web services so that automated discovery, composition and invocation of Web services can be made possible. The main component, the process model, describes the interaction protocol between a Web service and its clients. Such protocol includes not only the inputs, outputs, preconditions and results of the service, but also the control flow and data flow within the service. In this paper, we propose an approach to verify various properties of the process model of an OWL-S service. We define a set of mapping rules to translate a process model into a process algebra model and use a dedicated model checker to check the properties of the translated model. We handle not only the control flow of the process model, but also the binding-based data flow. Pre-conditions and results are also included in our approach. As a case study, we use a reasonably complex online book shopping Web service.
{"title":"Verifying OWL-S Service Process Models","authors":"Yuzhang Feng, M. Kirchberg","doi":"10.1109/ICWS.2011.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2011.101","url":null,"abstract":"OWL-S is an ontology that provides the necessary vocabulary for describing various components of Web services so that automated discovery, composition and invocation of Web services can be made possible. The main component, the process model, describes the interaction protocol between a Web service and its clients. Such protocol includes not only the inputs, outputs, preconditions and results of the service, but also the control flow and data flow within the service. In this paper, we propose an approach to verify various properties of the process model of an OWL-S service. We define a set of mapping rules to translate a process model into a process algebra model and use a dedicated model checker to check the properties of the translated model. We handle not only the control flow of the process model, but also the binding-based data flow. Pre-conditions and results are also included in our approach. As a case study, we use a reasonably complex online book shopping Web service.","PeriodicalId":118512,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Web Services","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130821115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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