QoS has become an important measure for web service selection. In this paper, we present an approach which can provide the approximate QoS value for users, and support finding the optimal web service. Firstly, it clusters the users based on location and network condition, then according to the QoS historical statistics of users in the same cluster, uses the linear regression algorithm to predict the QoS value based on invocation time and workload.
{"title":"A New QoS Prediction Approach Based on User Clustering and Regression Algorithms","authors":"Yuliang Shi, Kun Zhang, Bing Liu, Li-zhen Cui","doi":"10.1109/ICWS.2011.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2011.95","url":null,"abstract":"QoS has become an important measure for web service selection. In this paper, we present an approach which can provide the approximate QoS value for users, and support finding the optimal web service. Firstly, it clusters the users based on location and network condition, then according to the QoS historical statistics of users in the same cluster, uses the linear regression algorithm to predict the QoS value based on invocation time and workload.","PeriodicalId":118512,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Web Services","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128933062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In today's service computing environments, user needs and expectations are constantly changing. New services emerge while old ones become obsolete and need to be replaced. In such settings, composite services need to be adaptive to changes in user requirements and the environment. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for modeling compositional adaptation for services founded on a requirements monitoring facility. This facility helps maintain adherence between user requirements changes and the dynamics of service composition structure and quality attributes. Specifically, user requirements are represented as goals and soft goals, service composition structure is represented with a CSP-like grammar, and the adaptation mechanism is based on AI planning. The proposed approach is evaluated in a service simulation environment of real-world supply-chain adaptation scenarios.
{"title":"Adaptive Service Composition Based on Runtime Requirements Monitoring","authors":"Zhanlei Ma, Lin Liu, Hongji Yang, J. Mylopoulos","doi":"10.1109/ICWS.2011.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2011.83","url":null,"abstract":"In today's service computing environments, user needs and expectations are constantly changing. New services emerge while old ones become obsolete and need to be replaced. In such settings, composite services need to be adaptive to changes in user requirements and the environment. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for modeling compositional adaptation for services founded on a requirements monitoring facility. This facility helps maintain adherence between user requirements changes and the dynamics of service composition structure and quality attributes. Specifically, user requirements are represented as goals and soft goals, service composition structure is represented with a CSP-like grammar, and the adaptation mechanism is based on AI planning. The proposed approach is evaluated in a service simulation environment of real-world supply-chain adaptation scenarios.","PeriodicalId":118512,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Web Services","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122963486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Apostolos Papageorgiou, Marius Schatke, Stefan Schulte, R. Steinmetz
Contrary to simple Web content, standard Web services do not offer their clients the possibility to use cached information without the risk that it may be out-of-date. This feature has not been worth its costs in realistic Web service usage scenarios until now. However, its absence may pose restrictions and impede possible benefits in a future scenario, where mediators are both willing and able to effectively minimize the amount of wirelessly transmitted data in the Internet of Services. This paper describes how developments in the Internet of Services start to motivate the automatic enablement of safe (i.e., always up-to-date) client-side caching for Web services. It presents our solution for generically adding this feature to any Web service, and, based on new experiments, reveals the limits beyond which the approach can offer significant benefits.
与简单的Web内容相反，标准Web服务不向其客户机提供使用缓存信息的可能性，而不会冒信息过期的风险。到目前为止，在实际的Web服务使用场景中，这个特性的成本还不够高。然而，在未来的场景中，如果中介机构愿意并且能够有效地减少服务互联网中无线传输的数据量，那么它的缺失可能会造成限制并阻碍可能的好处。本文描述了Internet of Services的发展如何开始激励Web服务的安全(即始终是最新的)客户端缓存的自动启用。本文介绍了将此功能一般地添加到任何Web服务的解决方案，并基于新的实验揭示了该方法可以提供显著好处的限制。
{"title":"Enhancing the Caching of Web Service Responses on Wireless Clients","authors":"Apostolos Papageorgiou, Marius Schatke, Stefan Schulte, R. Steinmetz","doi":"10.1109/ICWS.2011.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2011.52","url":null,"abstract":"Contrary to simple Web content, standard Web services do not offer their clients the possibility to use cached information without the risk that it may be out-of-date. This feature has not been worth its costs in realistic Web service usage scenarios until now. However, its absence may pose restrictions and impede possible benefits in a future scenario, where mediators are both willing and able to effectively minimize the amount of wirelessly transmitted data in the Internet of Services. This paper describes how developments in the Internet of Services start to motivate the automatic enablement of safe (i.e., always up-to-date) client-side caching for Web services. It presents our solution for generically adding this feature to any Web service, and, based on new experiments, reveals the limits beyond which the approach can offer significant benefits.","PeriodicalId":118512,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Web Services","volume":"229 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123316515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Chen, Changrui Ren, Jin Dong, Qinhua Wang, Jinfeng Li, B. Shao
As the rapid development of Internet of things, a large number of devices, instruments and sensors will connect and collaborate to achieve Smart Planet. One of the key challenges is to integrate devices into business process. SOA is an ideal infrastructure for business process management as applications are invoked using standard interfaces and protocols. It's convenient to use device-oriented web services (doWS) to encapsulate devices functions. A doWS may conflict with other doWS because devices can't be controlled by more than one client at the same time. This brings additional complexity to web service composition. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive device collaboration model to doWS choreography. This model includes device layer, doWS layer, compatible resource layer and process layer, where device layer represent devices, doWS layer encapsulates devices functions, compatible resource layer abstracts compatible device operations as resource and avoid of conflict, process layer describes the collaboration process. Analysis shows that, this model can integrate devices with Web Services, and can achieve the conflict detection of doWS. This model is effective in the Internet of things.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Device Collaboration Model for Integrating Devices with Web Services under Internet of Things","authors":"F. Chen, Changrui Ren, Jin Dong, Qinhua Wang, Jinfeng Li, B. Shao","doi":"10.1109/ICWS.2011.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2011.66","url":null,"abstract":"As the rapid development of Internet of things, a large number of devices, instruments and sensors will connect and collaborate to achieve Smart Planet. One of the key challenges is to integrate devices into business process. SOA is an ideal infrastructure for business process management as applications are invoked using standard interfaces and protocols. It's convenient to use device-oriented web services (doWS) to encapsulate devices functions. A doWS may conflict with other doWS because devices can't be controlled by more than one client at the same time. This brings additional complexity to web service composition. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive device collaboration model to doWS choreography. This model includes device layer, doWS layer, compatible resource layer and process layer, where device layer represent devices, doWS layer encapsulates devices functions, compatible resource layer abstracts compatible device operations as resource and avoid of conflict, process layer describes the collaboration process. Analysis shows that, this model can integrate devices with Web Services, and can achieve the conflict detection of doWS. This model is effective in the Internet of things.","PeriodicalId":118512,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Web Services","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117283609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although web services have been espoused due to their many benefits, it is known that overhead delay, particularly the communication delay, associated with invocation and execution of web services is high. Consequently, much research has been expended on minimizing those delays. In many situations an application invokes a web service repeatedly such that some or most of the data returned by the web service does not change. For instance, many web services that return schedules, such as bus or train schedules, exhibit this property. We present Differential Caches, with the accompanying Differential Updates method and the Mobile SOAP (MoSOAP) protocol, to avoid transfer of repeated data, sent by a web service to an application. The protocol is flexible in that other optimization techniques, such as encoding, can also be applied. We report on results of experiments, using a research prototype, to evaluate the method's potential benefits and also its overhead. The results of experiments show clearly that potential benefits outweigh the overhead. Under optimal conditions, the MoSOAP protocol with Differential Caches obtained a speedup of close to 800%, in delivery of the web services' replies in comparison to the SOAP communication. Further improvements in delays were gained when encoding was used in conjunction with Differential Caches.
{"title":"Differential Caches for Web Services in Mobile Environments","authors":"M. Qaiser, P. Bodorik, D. Jutla","doi":"10.1109/ICWS.2011.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2011.50","url":null,"abstract":"Although web services have been espoused due to their many benefits, it is known that overhead delay, particularly the communication delay, associated with invocation and execution of web services is high. Consequently, much research has been expended on minimizing those delays. In many situations an application invokes a web service repeatedly such that some or most of the data returned by the web service does not change. For instance, many web services that return schedules, such as bus or train schedules, exhibit this property. We present Differential Caches, with the accompanying Differential Updates method and the Mobile SOAP (MoSOAP) protocol, to avoid transfer of repeated data, sent by a web service to an application. The protocol is flexible in that other optimization techniques, such as encoding, can also be applied. We report on results of experiments, using a research prototype, to evaluate the method's potential benefits and also its overhead. The results of experiments show clearly that potential benefits outweigh the overhead. Under optimal conditions, the MoSOAP protocol with Differential Caches obtained a speedup of close to 800%, in delivery of the web services' replies in comparison to the SOAP communication. Further improvements in delays were gained when encoding was used in conjunction with Differential Caches.","PeriodicalId":118512,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Web Services","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126482057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Data Providing Services (DPSs) have the sole purpose of retrieving data from existing sources according to their input parameters while also providing a semantic description of the data they provide using a parametrized view over a domain ontology. A layered model of viewing DPSs is proposed consisting of the data acquisition, syntactic and semantic layers. It is shown that by defining all three layers, a DPS may be generated and managed exclusively by its declarative definition. This will increase the agility and efficiency with which DPSs may be deployed and managed. As a development model, a set of reusable messages are created, these messages are to be semantically annotated using a view over the domain ontology and are syntactically represented such that they may be exported to XML Schema. These messages are used within the DPS definition where their views over the domain ontology are parametrized and the data acquisition layer is defined to acquire data from the source.
{"title":"A Multi-layered Approach for the Declarative Development of Data Providing Services","authors":"Kevin P. Brown, Miriam A. M. Capretz","doi":"10.1109/ICWS.2011.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2011.104","url":null,"abstract":"Data Providing Services (DPSs) have the sole purpose of retrieving data from existing sources according to their input parameters while also providing a semantic description of the data they provide using a parametrized view over a domain ontology. A layered model of viewing DPSs is proposed consisting of the data acquisition, syntactic and semantic layers. It is shown that by defining all three layers, a DPS may be generated and managed exclusively by its declarative definition. This will increase the agility and efficiency with which DPSs may be deployed and managed. As a development model, a set of reusable messages are created, these messages are to be semantically annotated using a view over the domain ontology and are syntactically represented such that they may be exported to XML Schema. These messages are used within the DPS definition where their views over the domain ontology are parametrized and the data acquisition layer is defined to acquire data from the source.","PeriodicalId":118512,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Web Services","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132556286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nan Guo, Tianhan Gao, Bin Zhang, R. Fernando, E. Bertino
An aggregated privacy-preserving identity verification scheme is proposed for composite Web services. It aggregates multiple component providers' interactions of identity verification to a single one involving the user. Besides, it protects users from privacy disclosure through the adoption of zero-knowledge of proof of knowledge. This approach can dramatically reduce the computation time, independently on the number of identity attributes and component providers.
{"title":"Aggregated Privacy-Preserving Identity Verification for Composite Web Services","authors":"Nan Guo, Tianhan Gao, Bin Zhang, R. Fernando, E. Bertino","doi":"10.1109/ICWS.2011.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2011.53","url":null,"abstract":"An aggregated privacy-preserving identity verification scheme is proposed for composite Web services. It aggregates multiple component providers' interactions of identity verification to a single one involving the user. Besides, it protects users from privacy disclosure through the adoption of zero-knowledge of proof of knowledge. This approach can dramatically reduce the computation time, independently on the number of identity attributes and component providers.","PeriodicalId":118512,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Web Services","volume":"361 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132312223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Service Oriented Architectures and web service technology are becoming popular in recent years. As more web services can be used over the Internet, the need to find efficient algorithms for web services composition that can deal with large amounts of services becomes important. These algorithms must deal with different issues like performance, semantics or user restrictions. In this paper we present an A* algorithm which solves the problem of semantic input-output message structure matching for web service composition. Given are quest, a service dependency graph with a subset of the original services from an external repository is dynamically generated. Then, the A*search algorithm is used to find a minimal composition that satisfies the user request. Moreover, in order to improve the performance, a set of dynamic optimization techniques has been implemented over the search process. A full experimental validation with eight different public repositories has been done showing a good performance as in all tests as the algorithm finds a valid solution with minimal number of services and execution path.
{"title":"Automatic Web Service Composition with a Heuristic-Based Search Algorithm","authors":"P. Rodríguez-Mier, M. Mucientes, M. Lama","doi":"10.1109/ICWS.2011.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2011.89","url":null,"abstract":"Service Oriented Architectures and web service technology are becoming popular in recent years. As more web services can be used over the Internet, the need to find efficient algorithms for web services composition that can deal with large amounts of services becomes important. These algorithms must deal with different issues like performance, semantics or user restrictions. In this paper we present an A* algorithm which solves the problem of semantic input-output message structure matching for web service composition. Given are quest, a service dependency graph with a subset of the original services from an external repository is dynamically generated. Then, the A*search algorithm is used to find a minimal composition that satisfies the user request. Moreover, in order to improve the performance, a set of dynamic optimization techniques has been implemented over the search process. A full experimental validation with eight different public repositories has been done showing a good performance as in all tests as the algorithm finds a valid solution with minimal number of services and execution path.","PeriodicalId":118512,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Web Services","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134609206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the rapid development of services and software, how to share, integrate and discover them properly in open and dynamic network environment is one of the most important challenges for software technology. With monad techniques, we present a novel formal semantic model for service oriented computing in a black-box observation way. The monad-based model can help us formally describe and further study on software components and services through monads' properties such as abstraction, reflection and composability. This model relatively improves service reuse and discovery, and it significantly facilitates web service composition and enables integration of legacy applications.
{"title":"A Formal Model of Service Computing and Its Applications on Service Discovery","authors":"Yingzhou Zhang, Wei Fu, Lei Chen, Bihuan Xu","doi":"10.1109/ICWS.2011.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2011.84","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid development of services and software, how to share, integrate and discover them properly in open and dynamic network environment is one of the most important challenges for software technology. With monad techniques, we present a novel formal semantic model for service oriented computing in a black-box observation way. The monad-based model can help us formally describe and further study on software components and services through monads' properties such as abstraction, reflection and composability. This model relatively improves service reuse and discovery, and it significantly facilitates web service composition and enables integration of legacy applications.","PeriodicalId":118512,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Web Services","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133431127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In composite web services one can only either hide the identities of the participants or provide end-to-end confidentiality via encryption. For a designer of inter-organizational business processes this implies that she either needs to reveal her suppliers or force her customers to reveal their information. In this paper we present a solution to the encrypted data modification problem and recon ciliate this apparent conflict. Using a generic sender-transformer-recipient example scenario, we illustrate the steps required for applying XML transformations to encrypted data, present the cryptographic building blocks, and give an outlook on advantages and weaknesses of the proposed encryption scheme. The transformer is then able to offer composite services without itself learning the content of the messages.
{"title":"Towards Privacy-Preserving XML Transformation","authors":"Meiko Jensen, F. Kerschbaum","doi":"10.1109/ICWS.2011.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2011.10","url":null,"abstract":"In composite web services one can only either hide the identities of the participants or provide end-to-end confidentiality via encryption. For a designer of inter-organizational business processes this implies that she either needs to reveal her suppliers or force her customers to reveal their information. In this paper we present a solution to the encrypted data modification problem and recon ciliate this apparent conflict. Using a generic sender-transformer-recipient example scenario, we illustrate the steps required for applying XML transformations to encrypted data, present the cryptographic building blocks, and give an outlook on advantages and weaknesses of the proposed encryption scheme. The transformer is then able to offer composite services without itself learning the content of the messages.","PeriodicalId":118512,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Web Services","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131190083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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