Environmental Health and Toxicology最新文献_第9页

Utilization of health insurance data in an environmental epidemiology 健康保险数据在环境流行病学中的应用

Q3 Medicine

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Pub Date : 2015-11-10 DOI: 10.5620/eht.e2015012

J. Ha, Seongkyung Cho, Yongseung Shin

Objectives In South Korea, health insurance data are used as material for the health insurance of national whole subject. In general, health insurance data could be useful for estimating prevalence or incidence rate that is representative of the actual value in a population. The purpose of this study was to apply the concept of episode of care (EoC) in the utilization of health insurance data in the field of environmental epidemiology and to propose an improved methodology through an uncertainty assessment of disease course and outcome. Methods In this study, we introduced the concept of EoC as a methodology to utilize health insurance data in the field of environmental epidemiology. The characterization analysis of the course and outcome of applying the EoC concept to health insurance data was performed through an uncertainty assessment. Results The EoC concept in this study was applied to heat stroke (International Classification of Disease, 10th revision, code T67). In the comparison of results between before and after applying the EoC concept, we observed a reduction in the deviation of daily claims after applying the EoC concept. After that, we categorized context, model, and input uncertainty and characterized these uncertainties in three dimensions by using uncertainty typology. Conclusions This study is the first to show the process of constructing episode data for environmental epidemiological studies by using health insurance data. Our results will help in obtaining representative results for the processing of health insurance data in environmental epidemiological research. Furthermore, these results could be used in the processing of health insurance data in the future.

在韩国，健康保险数据作为全民健康保险的材料。一般来说，健康保险数据可用于估计代表人口实际值的患病率或发病率。本研究的目的是将护理发作(EoC)的概念应用于环境流行病学领域的健康保险数据的利用，并通过对疾病过程和结果的不确定性评估提出一种改进的方法。方法在本研究中，我们引入EoC的概念，作为环境流行病学领域中使用健康保险数据的方法。通过不确定度评估，对健康保险数据应用EoC概念的过程和结果进行表征分析。结果本研究将EoC概念应用于中暑(《国际疾病分类》第十版，代码T67)。在应用EoC概念前后的结果比较中，我们观察到应用EoC概念后日常索赔偏差的减少。然后，我们对上下文、模型和输入不确定性进行了分类，并利用不确定性类型在三个维度上对这些不确定性进行了表征。结论本研究首次展示了利用健康保险数据构建环境流行病学研究事件数据的过程。本研究结果对环境流行病学研究中健康保险数据的处理具有一定的代表性。此外，这些结果可用于未来医疗保险数据的处理。

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引用次数: 7

A meta-analysis of exposure to particulate matter and adverse birth outcomes 暴露于颗粒物和不良出生结果的荟萃分析

Q3 Medicine

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Pub Date : 2015-11-03 DOI: 10.5620/eht.e2015011

D. Lamichhane, J. Leem, Ji-Young Lee, Hwan-Cheol Kim

Objectives The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review to provide summarized evidence on the association between maternal exposure to particulate air pollution and birth weight (BW) and preterm birth (PTB) after taking into consideration the potential confounding effect of maternal smoking. Methods We systematically searched all published cohort and case-control studies examining BW and PTB association with particulate matter (PM, less than or equal to 2.5μm and 10.0 μm in diameter, PM2.5 and PM10, respectively) from PubMed and Web of Science, from January 1980 to April 2015. We extracted coefficients for continuous BW and odds ratio (OR) for PTB from each individual study, and meta-analysis was used to combine the coefficient and OR of individual studies. The methodological quality of individual study was assessed using a standard protocol proposed by Downs and Black. Forty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Results In random effects meta-analyses, BW as a continuous outcome was negativelyassociated with 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 (-10.31 g; 95% confidence interval [CI], -13.57 to -3.13 g; I-squared=0%, p=0.947) and PM2.5 (-22.17 g; 95% CI, -37.93 to -6.41 g; I-squared=92.3%, p <0.001) exposure during entire pregnancy, adjusted for maternal smoking. A significantly increased risk of PTB per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.41; I-squared=0%, p =0.977) and PM2.5 (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.22; I-squared=92.5%, p <0.001) exposure during entire pregnancy was observed. Effect size of change in BW per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM tended to report stronger associations after adjustment for maternal smoking. Conclusions While this systematic review supports an adverse impact of maternal exposure to particulate air pollution on birth outcomes, variation in effects by exposure period and sources of heterogeneity between studies should be further explored.

本研究的目的是在考虑到母亲吸烟的潜在混杂效应后，对母亲接触颗粒空气污染与出生体重(BW)和早产(PTB)之间的关系进行系统回顾，以提供总结证据。方法系统检索了1980年1月至2015年4月PubMed和Web of Science上发表的所有关于BW和PTB与颗粒物(PM，直径小于或等于2.5μm和10.0 μm, PM2.5和PM10)相关性的队列和病例对照研究。我们从每个单独的研究中提取连续体重系数和PTB的比值比(OR)，并使用meta分析将单个研究的系数和OR结合起来。使用Downs和Black提出的标准方案评估个体研究的方法学质量。44项研究符合纳入标准。结果在随机效应荟萃分析中，体重作为一个连续结局与PM10增加10 μg/m3呈负相关(-10.31 g;95%置信区间[CI]， -13.57 ~ -3.13 g;i²=0%，p=0.947)和PM2.5 (-22.17 g;95% CI， -37.93 ~ -6.41 g;i²=92.3%，p <0.001)在整个妊娠期暴露，调整了母亲吸烟的因素。PM10每增加10 μg/m3，患肺结核的风险显著增加(OR, 1.23;95% CI, 1.04 ~ 1.41;i²=0%，p =0.977)和PM2.5 (OR, 1.14;95% CI, 1.06 ~ 1.22;i²=92.5%，p <0.001)。调整母亲吸烟因素后，PM每增加10 μg/m3体重变化的效应量倾向于报告更强的关联。结论:虽然本系统综述支持产妇暴露于空气微粒污染对分娩结果的不利影响，但暴露时间和研究间异质性来源的影响差异应进一步探讨。

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引用次数: 181

Computation of geographic variables for air pollution prediction models in South Korea 韩国空气污染预测模型的地理变量计算

Q3 Medicine

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Pub Date : 2015-10-23 DOI: 10.5620/eht.e2015010

Youngseob Eum, Insang Song, Hwan-Cheol Kim, J. Leem, Sun-Young Kim

Recent cohort studies have relied on exposure prediction models to estimate individuallevel air pollution concentrations because individual air pollution measurements are not available for cohort locations. For such prediction models, geographic variables related to pollution sources are important inputs. We demonstrated the computation process of geographic variables mostly recorded in 2010 at regulatory air pollution monitoring sites in South Korea. On the basis of previous studies, we finalized a list of 313 geographic variables related to air pollution sources in eight categories including traffic, demographic characteristics, land use, transportation facilities, physical geography, emissions, vegetation, and altitude. We then obtained data from different sources such as the Statistics Geographic Information Service and Korean Transport Database. After integrating all available data to a single database by matching coordinate systems and converting non-spatial data to spatial data, we computed geographic variables at 294 regulatory monitoring sites in South Korea. The data integration and variable computation were performed by using ArcGIS version 10.2 (ESRI Inc., Redlands, CA, USA). For traffic, we computed the distances to the nearest roads and the sums of road lengths within different sizes of circular buffers. In addition, we calculated the numbers of residents, households, housing buildings, companies, and employees within the buffers. The percentages of areas for different types of land use compared to total areas were calculated within the buffers. For transportation facilities and physical geography, we computed the distances to the closest public transportation depots and the boundary lines. The vegetation index and altitude were estimated at a given location by using satellite data. The summary statistics of geographic variables in Seoul across monitoring sites showed different patterns between urban background and urban roadside sites. This study provided practical knowledge on the computation process of geographic variables in South Korea, which will improve air pollution prediction models and contribute to subsequent health analyses.

最近的队列研究依赖于暴露预测模型来估计个人水平的空气污染浓度，因为队列位置无法获得单独的空气污染测量。对于这种预测模型，与污染源有关的地理变量是重要的输入。我们展示了2010年在韩国监管空气污染监测点记录的地理变量的计算过程。在以往研究的基础上，我们最终确定了与空气污染源相关的8类313个地理变量，包括交通、人口特征、土地利用、交通设施、自然地理、排放、植被和海拔。然后，我们从不同的来源获得数据，如统计地理信息服务和韩国交通数据库。通过匹配坐标系统并将非空间数据转换为空间数据，将所有可用数据整合到一个数据库中，我们计算了韩国294个监管监测点的地理变量。采用ArcGIS 10.2 (ESRI Inc.， Redlands, CA, USA)进行数据整合和变量计算。对于交通，我们计算了到最近道路的距离和不同大小的圆形缓冲区内道路长度的总和。此外，我们还计算了缓冲区内的居民、住户、房屋、公司和雇员的数量。计算缓冲区内不同土地用途面积占总面积的百分比。对于交通设施和自然地理，我们计算了到最近的公共交通车站和边界线的距离。利用卫星资料估算给定地点的植被指数和海拔高度。首尔市各监测点的地理变量汇总统计结果显示，城市背景和城市路边监测点的地理变量分布模式不同。这项研究为韩国地理变量的计算过程提供了实用的知识，这将改进空气污染预测模型，并有助于随后的健康分析。

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引用次数: 19

Urinary concentration of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid in elementary students in South Korea 韩国小学生尿中3-苯氧苯甲酸浓度

Q3 Medicine

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Pub Date : 2015-10-13 DOI: 10.5620/eht.e2015009

H. Jo, M. Ha, W. Lee

Objectives Pyrethroid pesticides are among the most commonly using insecticides in South Korean households and have been the subject of considerable interest among public health professionals for their potential health effects. The objective of this study is to examine the level of urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) among elementary students in South Korea. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate pyrethroid pesticide exposure levels by measuring the urinary metabolites of 3-PBA using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method in March 2011. Study participants were 70 Asan-area and Incheon-area elementary students. Results All respondents had values above the detection limit, and the geometric means of 3-PBA in all children were 1.85 μg/L and 1.46 μg/g creatinine. Children with the top 10% urinary levels of 3-PBA were more likely to be girls, under nine years of age, living in a rural area, and living in a residential type apartment. Conclusions South Korean children have a higher concentration of urinary 3-PBA compared with those of other countries. Further research identifying exposure pathways and intervention efforts to reduce environmental pesticide use are needed in South Korea.

拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂是韩国家庭中最常用的杀虫剂之一，由于其潜在的健康影响，一直是公共卫生专业人员非常感兴趣的主题。本研究的目的是检查韩国小学生尿中3-苯氧苯甲酸(3-PBA)的水平。方法于2011年3月采用气相色谱-质谱联用方法测定尿中3-PBA代谢物，对拟除虫菊酯农药暴露水平进行了横断面研究。研究对象为峨山地区和仁川地区的70名小学生。结果所有儿童3-PBA的几何平均值均高于检出限，分别为1.85 μg/L和1.46 μg/g肌酐。尿中3-PBA含量在前10%的儿童更有可能是女孩，年龄在9岁以下，生活在农村地区，居住在公寓式公寓中。结论韩国儿童尿中3-PBA浓度高于其他国家儿童。韩国需要进一步研究确定接触途径，并采取干预措施减少农药的环境使用。

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引用次数: 7

The effects of a newsletter on bedding control on house dust mite allergen concentrations in childcare centers in Korea 床上用品控制通讯对韩国托儿中心室内尘螨过敏原浓度的影响

Q3 Medicine

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Pub Date : 2015-08-27 DOI: 10.5620/eht.e2015008

Jeonghoon Kim, K. Jeong, H. Kwon, Heasuk Yang, H. Yum, S. Lee, Chae-Bong Kim, Hyunjung Kim, W. Lim, Soyoung Hong, KyooSang Kim

Objectives Bedding in childcare centers (CCCs) can hold house dust mite (HDM) allergens. This study examined whether HDM allergen levels can be reduced through the distribution of an educational newsletter on bedding control to parents of CCC children in Korea. Methods All 38 CCCs were measured for Der 1 (sum of Der f 1 and Der p 1) concentrations on classroom floors and bedding before the intervention. Educational newsletters on children’s bedding control were sent to 21 CCCs by mail, and teachers were asked to distribute the newsletters to the parents of the children (intervention group). The remaining 17 CCCs were not sent newsletters (control group). The measurement of Der 1 concentrations in 38 CCCs was repeated after the intervention. Dust samples were collected with a vacuum cleaner and analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Results The Der 1 concentrations on the bedding were significantly higher than those on the floors in 38 CCCs at baseline (p<0.05). Although changes of the Der 1 concentrations for the control group (n=17) were not significant, Der 1 concentrations for the intervention group (n=21) decreased significantly from 2077.9 ng/g dust to 963.5 ng/g dust on the floors and from 3683.9 ng/g dust to 610.4 ng/g dust on bedding (p<0.05). Conclusions The distribution of educational newsletters on bedding control to parents may be an effective means of controlling HDMs in CCCs.

目的托儿中心床上用品易携带屋尘螨(HDM)过敏原。本研究考察了是否可以通过向韩国CCC儿童的父母分发关于床上用品控制的教育通讯来降低HDM过敏原水平。方法在干预前测定38种CCCs在教室地板和床上的Der 1 (Der f 1和Der p 1的总和)浓度。将儿童床上用品控制的教育简讯邮寄至21个儿童中心，并要求教师将简讯分发给儿童家长(干预组)。其余17个CCCs没有发送通讯(对照组)。干预后重复测量38个CCCs中的Der 1浓度。用真空吸尘器收集粉尘样本，用酶联免疫吸附法分析。结果38个CCCs床层上Der 1浓度均显著高于地面(p<0.05)。虽然对照组(n=17)的Der 1浓度变化不显著，但干预组(n=21)地板上的Der 1浓度从2077.9 ng/g下降到963.5 ng/g，床上用品上的Der 1浓度从3683.9 ng/g下降到610.4 ng/g (p<0.05)。结论向家长发放床上用品控制教育通讯是控制儿童床上用品感染的有效手段。

{"title":"The effects of a newsletter on bedding control on house dust mite allergen concentrations in childcare centers in Korea","authors":"Jeonghoon Kim, K. Jeong, H. Kwon, Heasuk Yang, H. Yum, S. Lee, Chae-Bong Kim, Hyunjung Kim, W. Lim, Soyoung Hong, KyooSang Kim","doi":"10.5620/eht.e2015008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5620/eht.e2015008","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives Bedding in childcare centers (CCCs) can hold house dust mite (HDM) allergens. This study examined whether HDM allergen levels can be reduced through the distribution of an educational newsletter on bedding control to parents of CCC children in Korea. Methods All 38 CCCs were measured for Der 1 (sum of Der f 1 and Der p 1) concentrations on classroom floors and bedding before the intervention. Educational newsletters on children’s bedding control were sent to 21 CCCs by mail, and teachers were asked to distribute the newsletters to the parents of the children (intervention group). The remaining 17 CCCs were not sent newsletters (control group). The measurement of Der 1 concentrations in 38 CCCs was repeated after the intervention. Dust samples were collected with a vacuum cleaner and analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Results The Der 1 concentrations on the bedding were significantly higher than those on the floors in 38 CCCs at baseline (p<0.05). Although changes of the Der 1 concentrations for the control group (n=17) were not significant, Der 1 concentrations for the intervention group (n=21) decreased significantly from 2077.9 ng/g dust to 963.5 ng/g dust on the floors and from 3683.9 ng/g dust to 610.4 ng/g dust on bedding (p<0.05). Conclusions The distribution of educational newsletters on bedding control to parents may be an effective means of controlling HDMs in CCCs.","PeriodicalId":11853,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health and Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70819937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Screening of toxic potential of graphene family nanomaterials using in vitro and alternative in vivo toxicity testing systems 使用体外和替代体内毒性测试系统筛选石墨烯家族纳米材料的毒性潜力

Q3 Medicine

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Pub Date : 2015-07-15 DOI: 10.5620/eht.e2015007

N. Chatterjee, Ji Su Yang, Kwangsik Park, S. Oh, Jeonggue Park, Jinhee Choi

Objectives The widely promising applications of graphene nanomaterials raise considerable concerns regarding their environmental and human health risk assessment. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the toxicity profiling of graphene family nananomaterials (GFNs) in alternative in vitro and in vivo toxicity testing models. Methods The GFNs used in this study are graphene nanoplatelets ([GNPs]–pristine, carboxylate [COOH] and amide [NH2]) and graphene oxides (single layer [SLGO] and few layers [FLGO]). The human bronchial epithelial cells (Beas2B cells) as in vitro system and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as in vivo system were used to profile the toxicity response of GFNs. Cytotoxicity assays, colony formation assay for cellular toxicity and reproduction potentiality in C. elegans were used as end points to evaluate the GFNs’ toxicity. Results In general, GNPs exhibited higher toxicity than GOs in Beas2B cells, and among the GNPs the order of toxicity was pristine>NH2>COOH. Although the order of toxicity of the GNPs was maintained in C. elegans reproductive toxicity, but GOs were found to be more toxic in the worms than GNPs. In both systems, SLGO exhibited profoundly greater dose dependency than FLGO. The possible reason of their differential toxicity lay in their distinctive physicochemical characteristics and agglomeration behavior in the exposure media. Conclusions The present study revealed that the toxicity of GFNs is dependent on the graphene nanomaterial’s physical forms, surface functionalizations, number of layers, dose, time of exposure and obviously, on the alternative model systems used for toxicity assessment.

石墨烯纳米材料的广泛应用前景引起了人们对其环境和人类健康风险评估的极大关注。本研究的目的是在体外和体内毒性测试模型中评估石墨烯家族纳米材料(GFNs)的毒性特征。方法本研究中使用的石墨烯纳米颗粒是石墨烯纳米薄片([GNPs] -原始，羧酸盐[COOH]和酰胺[NH2])和氧化石墨烯(单层[SLGO]和几层[FLGO])。以体外系统的人支气管上皮细胞(Beas2B细胞)和体内系统的秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans)为实验对象，研究了GFNs的毒性反应。以细胞毒性试验、细胞毒性集落形成试验和秀丽隐杆线虫繁殖潜能试验为终点评价GFNs的毒性。结果总体而言，GNPs对Beas2B细胞的毒性高于GOs，且GNPs对Beas2B细胞的毒性顺序为:原始>NH2>COOH。虽然在线虫的生殖毒性中，GNPs的毒性顺序保持不变，但GOs对线虫的毒性大于GNPs。在两种体系中，SLGO均表现出比FLGO更大的剂量依赖性。其毒性差异的可能原因在于其不同的物理化学特性和在暴露介质中的团聚行为。本研究表明，GFNs的毒性取决于石墨烯纳米材料的物理形态、表面功能化、层数、剂量、暴露时间，显然还取决于用于毒性评估的替代模型系统。

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引用次数: 46

Alteration of hepatic anti-oxidant systems by 4-nonylphenol, a metabolite of alkylphenol polyethoxylate detergents, in Far Eastern catfish Silurus asotus 烷基酚聚氧乙酸酯洗涤剂代谢物4-壬基酚对远东鲶鱼肝脏抗氧化系统的影响

Q3 Medicine

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Pub Date : 2015-07-02 DOI: 10.5620/eht.e2015006

K. Park

Objectives This study aimed to estimate the effects of 4-nonylphenol (NP), a ubiquitously present surfactant in aquatic environments, on the anti-oxidant systems of the liver in the Far Eastern catfish Silurus asotus. Methods Changes in biochemical parameters involved in glutathione (GSH)-related and other anti-oxidant systems were analyzed following 4 weeks of 4-NP administration (0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg diet) via a formulated diet to catfish. Results 4-NP exposure induced an elevation in hepatic lipid peroxide levels and an accompanying decrease in reduced state GSH after 2 weeks, suggesting pro-oxidant effects of the chemical in catfish. This oxidative stress was associated with an inhibition of the GSH-utilizing enzyme glutathione peroxidase at the same time point. This inhibition was restored after 4 weeks. The activities of other anti-oxidant enzymes, i.e., glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase and catalase were increased after 4 weeks. These enzyme increases occurred more strongly at the higher 4-NP concentration (1.0 mg/kg diet). Conclusions 4-NP given to catfish at 0.1 to 1.0 mg/kg diet, concentrations relevant to environmental levels, depletes the endogenous anti-oxidant molecule GSH and temporarily inhibits GSH-related anti-oxidant enzymes. Such declines in anti-oxidant capacity and elevated oxidative stress seem to be compensated eventually by subsequent activation of various anti-oxidant enzyme systems.

目的研究4-壬基酚(NP)对远东鲶鱼肝脏抗氧化系统的影响。NP是一种普遍存在于水生环境中的表面活性剂。方法通过配制饲料给鱼4周4- np(0.1和1.0 mg/kg日粮)后，分析其谷胱甘肽(GSH)相关生化参数和其他抗氧化系统的变化。结果4-NP暴露诱导2周后肝脂质过氧化水平升高，同时降低还原态GSH，提示该化学物质对鲶鱼具有促氧化作用。这种氧化应激与gsh利用酶谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶在同一时间点的抑制有关。这种抑制作用在4周后恢复。其他抗氧化酶，即谷胱甘肽还原酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的活性在4周后均有所增加。4-NP浓度越高(1.0 mg/kg日粮)，酶活性增加越明显。结论在与环境水平相关的0.1 ~ 1.0 mg/kg饲粮中给予4-NP，可使鲶鱼体内的抗氧化分子GSH耗竭，并暂时抑制GSH相关的抗氧化酶。这种抗氧化能力的下降和氧化应激的升高似乎最终通过随后各种抗氧化酶系统的激活来补偿。

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引用次数: 13

Assessment of radiation exposure from cesium-137 contaminated roads for epidemiological studies in Seoul, Korea. 为韩国首尔的流行病学研究评估铯-137 污染道路的辐射照射。

Q3 Medicine

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Pub Date : 2015-06-29 eCollection Date: 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.5620/eht.e2015005

Yun-Keun Lee, Young-Su Ju, Won Jin Lee, Seung Sik Hwang, Sang-Hyuk Yim, Sang-Chul Yoo, Jieon Lee, Kyung-Hwa Choi, Eunae Burm, Mina Ha

Objectives: We aimed to assess the radiation exposure for epidemiologic investigation in residents exposed to radiation from roads that were accidentally found to be contaminated with radioactive cesium-137 ((137)Cs) in Seoul.

Methods: Using information regarding the frequency and duration of passing via the (137)Cs contaminated roads or residing/working near the roads from the questionnaires that were obtained from 8875 residents and the measured radiation doses reported by the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission, we calculated the total cumulative dose of radiation exposure for each person.

Results: Sixty-three percent of the residents who responded to the questionnaire were considered as ever-exposed and 1% of them had a total cumulative dose of more than 10 mSv. The mean (minimum, maximum) duration of radiation exposure was 4.75 years (0.08, 11.98) and the geometric mean (minimum, maximum) of the total cumulative dose was 0.049 mSv (<0.001, 35.35) in the exposed.

Conclusions: An individual exposure assessment was performed for an epidemiological study to estimate the health risk among residents living in the vicinity of (137)Cs contaminated roads. The average exposure dose in the exposed people was less than 5% of the current guideline.

目的我们的目的是评估首尔意外发现的放射性铯-137（(137)Cs）污染道路对居民造成的辐射照射，以进行流行病学调查：方法：利用从 8875 名居民的调查问卷中获得的有关经过受（137）Cs 污染的道路或在道路附近居住/工作的频率和持续时间的信息，以及核安全保障委员会报告的测量辐射剂量，计算出每个人的总累积辐射剂量：在回答问卷的居民中，63%的人被认为曾经受到过辐射，其中 1%的人的总累积剂量超过了 10 毫希沃特。平均（最小，最大）辐照时间为 4.75 年（0.08，11.98），总累积剂量的几何平均数（最小，最大）为 0.049 毫西弗特（结论：一项流行病学研究进行了个人暴露评估，以估算受(137)Cs污染道路附近居民的健康风险。受輻射影響人士的平均輻射劑量低於現行指引的 5%。

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引用次数: 0

Priority survey between indicators and analytic hierarchy process analysis for green chemistry technology assessment. 绿色化学技术评价指标优先度调查及层次分析法。

Q3 Medicine

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Pub Date : 2015-06-12 eCollection Date: 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.5620/eht.s2015003

Sungjune Kim, Seokpyo Hong, Kilsoo Ahn, Sungyong Gong

Objectives This study presents the indicators and proxy variables for the quantitative assessment of green chemistry technologies and evaluates the relative importance of each assessment element by consulting experts from the fields of ecology, chemistry, safety, and public health. Methods The results collected were subjected to an analytic hierarchy process to obtain the weights of the indicators and the proxy variables. Results These weights may prove useful in avoiding having to resort to qualitative means in absence of weights between indicators when integrating the results of quantitative assessment by indicator. Conclusions This study points to the limitations of current quantitative assessment techniques for green chemistry technologies and seeks to present the future direction for quantitative assessment of green chemistry technologies.

目的:通过咨询生态、化学、安全、公共卫生等领域的专家，提出绿色化学技术定量评价的指标和代理变量，并对各评价要素的相对重要性进行评价。方法:采用层次分析法确定各指标和代理变量的权重。结果:在以指标为单位对定量评价结果进行整合时，这些权重可以避免在指标之间缺乏权重而不得不诉诸定性手段。结论:本研究指出了目前绿色化学技术定量评估技术的局限性，并试图提出绿色化学技术定量评估的未来方向。

引用次数: 4

Value of a statistical life estimation of carcinogenic chemicals for socioeconomic analysis in Korea. 韩国社会经济分析中致癌化学物质统计寿命估计的价值。

Q3 Medicine

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Pub Date : 2015-06-12 eCollection Date: 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.5620/eht.s2015005

Geonwoo Lee, Yongjin Lee, Hanseul Lee, Jiyeon Hong, Jiyeon Yang

Objectives: To protect public health from risk, the Minister of Environment in Korea legislated an act concerning the registration and evaluation of chemical substances. In this study, we estimated the value of a statistical life (VSL) of carcinogenic chemicals to evaluate the socioeconomic analysis in Korea.

Methods: The estimation of the health benefit can be calculated through an individual's VSL and willingness to pay (WTP). To estimate the VSL and WTP, we used a contingent valuation method through a web-based survey.

Results: The survey is conducted with 1434 people living in Seoul and six large cities. An analysis of the survey is essential to review the distribution of the characteristics of the target population. The statistically significant variables affecting the WTP are location, age, household income, quality of life. Through the review of data, we secured statistical validity. The WTP was estimated as 41205 Korean won (KRW)/person, and the estimated VSL appeared as 796 million KRW/person.

Conclusions: There is a case in which the amount of statistical life value is estimated in connection with domestic environmental policy, fine dust, etc. However, there are no cases of evaluation for chemical. The utilization of this result is possible for conducting other study with chemicals.

目标:为保护公众健康免受风险，韩国环境部制定了一项关于化学物质登记和评价的法案。在这项研究中，我们估计了致癌化学物质的统计寿命(VSL)的价值，以评估韩国的社会经济分析。方法:通过个体的VSL和支付意愿(WTP)来估算健康效益。为了估计VSL和WTP，我们通过基于网络的调查使用了条件评估方法。结果:对居住在首尔和6个大城市的1434名居民进行了调查。对调查进行分析是审查目标人口特征分布的必要条件。地理位置、年龄、家庭收入、生活质量是影响WTP的显著变量。通过对数据的审查，我们确保了统计效度。WTP为41205韩元/人，VSL为7.96亿韩元/人。结论:存在与国内环境政策、微细粉尘等因素有关的统计寿命值估算量的案例。但是，目前还没有对化学品进行评价的案例。利用这一结果进行其他化学研究是可能的。

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引用次数: 3