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Factors influencing the retrofitting of existing office buildings using Adelaide, South Australia as a case study 影响现有办公楼改造的因素,以南澳大利亚阿德莱德为案例研究
Pub Date : 2015-05-19 DOI: 10.1108/SS-05-2014-0019
Toby J A Bruce, J. Zuo, R. Rameezdeen, S. Pullen
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the barriers preventing investment in the re-use of low-grade multi-storey building stock in order to identify attributes that determine whether an existing building is suitable for retrofitting. Design/methodology/approach – Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with key industry practitioners to investigate existing practices and barriers facing low-grade building retrofits and what “ideal” multi-storey building features represent a successful investment opportunity. Findings – The findings showed that tenant commitment is necessary before any project goes ahead and that there exist many barriers influencing the investment decision. These include: high levels of asbestos found in existing buildings; changes in the National Construction Code necessitating enhanced fire safety and disability access; heritage listing; lack of awareness; overestimation of costs involved on simple and effective energy efficiency upgrades and change in tenant demands towa...
目的-本文的目的是探讨阻碍低等级多层建筑存量再利用投资的障碍,以确定确定现有建筑是否适合改造的属性。设计/方法/方法-与主要行业从业者进行了半结构化访谈,以调查现有的实践和低等级建筑改造面临的障碍,以及“理想的”多层建筑特征代表了成功的投资机会。调查结果-调查结果表明,在任何项目进行之前,租户的承诺是必要的,并且存在许多影响投资决策的障碍。这些问题包括:在现有建筑物中发现高浓度石棉;修改《国家建筑规范》,加强消防安全和残疾人通道;遗产清单;缺乏意识;对简单而有效的能源效率升级和租户需求变化所涉及的成本估计过高……
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引用次数: 28
Prevalence of POE in UK higher education institutions POE在英国高等教育机构的流行
Pub Date : 2015-04-02 DOI: 10.1108/SS-04-2014-0017
M. Riley, Alison J. Cotgrave, Noora Kokkarinen
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the extent to which Post-occupancy evaluation (POE) is understood and applied within higher education institutions across the UK and identify users’ perceptions of its efficacy. Design/methodology/approach – A mixed methodology was applied to this research. Part one consisted of an online survey intended to generate an overview of the extent of POE use across the sector. The second phase, intended to develop greater insight and understanding of users’ perceptions of POE, relied upon in-depth interviews with a smaller sample drawn those who had completed the survey in part one. Findings – Differing models of POE are used within higher education institutions with varying degrees of complexity. Models exist that are based on standard structures and templates, whilst entirely bespoke options have been developed by some institutions. The work found that there is a clear preference for applying bespoke methods rather than standardised ones. Research limitations...
目的-本文的目的是确定在英国各地的高等教育机构中理解和应用后使用评估(POE)的程度,并确定用户对其有效性的看法。设计/方法/方法-本研究采用了混合方法。第一部分包括一项在线调查,旨在对整个行业的POE使用程度进行概述。第二阶段的目的是更深入地了解和了解用户对POE的看法,它依靠对完成第一部分调查的人抽取的较小样本进行深入访谈。研究结果-不同的POE模型在高等教育机构中使用,具有不同程度的复杂性。存在基于标准结构和模板的模型,而一些机构开发了完全定制的选项。研究发现,人们明显倾向于采用定制的方法,而不是标准化的方法。研究局限性……
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引用次数: 4
Life cycle costing: evaluating its use in UK practice 生命周期成本法:评估其在英国实践中的应用
Pub Date : 2015-04-02 DOI: 10.1108/SS-06-2014-0026
Anthony Higham, C. Fortune, Howard James
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to establish the extent to which life cycle costing (LCC) is used as an early stage project evaluation tool by practitioners in the UK construction industry. The use of this evaluation tool has long been advocated by academics as a means of ensuring best value rather than lowest cost is a driver for business decisions related to potential built environment projects. Therefore there is a need to appraise its current uptake levels amongst built environment professionals and assess whether there are any barriers affecting its use in UK practice. Design/methodology/approach – Using a mixed methods approach, the authors present the findings from a survey of construction professionals located in the UK and the results from a series of follow up semi-structured interviews designed to further explore the factors found to affect the use of LCC in practice. Findings – The study shows that LCC is still not widely used by built environment professionals in the UK. The greatest i...
目的-本文的目的是建立生命周期成本计算(LCC)在多大程度上被英国建筑行业的从业者用作早期项目评估工具。长期以来,学术界一直提倡使用这种评估工具,作为确保最佳价值而不是最低成本的手段,这是与潜在建筑环境项目相关的商业决策的驱动因素。因此,有必要在建筑环境专业人士中评估其目前的吸收水平,并评估是否存在影响其在英国实践中使用的障碍。设计/方法论/方法——采用混合方法,作者展示了对英国建筑专业人士的调查结果,以及一系列后续半结构化访谈的结果,这些访谈旨在进一步探索影响LCC在实践中使用的因素。研究结果-研究表明,在英国,LCC仍然没有被建筑环境专业人士广泛使用。最伟大的……
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引用次数: 38
Hannan and Hannan v Healey and Healey 2013 to 2014 汉南和汉南诉希利2013年到2014年
Pub Date : 2015-04-02 DOI: 10.1108/SS-08-2014-0033
Peter S. Defoe
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the application of the ratio in Ankerson v Connelly 1906 2Ch 544(Ch) and 1907 1Ch 678(CA) to a modern domestic right to light situation and the need for rights of light surveyors to be aware of relevant case law when advising their client. Design/methodology/approach – This paper adopts a case study approach describing the circumstances of the case, the approach of the appointed experts and the decision of the court. Findings – The court found for the Respondent in that the Dominant Owner’s property had been altered to create an additional burden upon the Servient Owner and the altered part of the Dominant Owner’s property had not yet acquired an independent right to light through prescription. Originality/value – This is an unreported case that illustrates the application of a case decided over 100 years ago.
目的-本文的目的是证明Ankerson v Connelly 1906年2Ch 544(Ch)和1907年1Ch 678(CA)中的比例适用于现代国内灯光权情况,以及灯光测量师在向客户提供建议时了解相关判例法的必要性。设计/方法/方法-本文采用案例研究方法,描述案件的情况,指定专家的方法和法院的决定。裁定结果-法院裁定答辩人胜诉,认为支配性业主的财产已被更改,对服务业主造成额外负担,而支配性业主财产的更改部分尚未通过规定获得独立的轻权。原创性/价值-这是一个未报道的案例,说明了100多年前决定的案例的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Infrared thermography – evaluation of the results reproducibility 红外热成像。结果再现性的评价
Pub Date : 2015-04-02 DOI: 10.1108/SS-05-2014-0021
Elton Bauer, V. Freitas, N. Mustelier, E. Barreira, S. Freitas
Purpose – Infrared thermography is increasingly being used to diagnose pathologies in buildings, such as facade defects. The purpose of this paper is to assess the results reproducibility and the equipment influence on the measurements. To do so, it was defined as case study the assessment of rendering delamination. Design/methodology/approach – Two infrared cameras of different makers were used to detect the presence of defects deliberately created in specimens. The tests were done in the laboratory with a heat source. The defects were detected through a temperature gradient between the zones with and without defect. Findings – With this thermographic imaging, it was possible to identify the defects in the specimen both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results were found to be reproducible in the three cycles performed. The influence of the equipment on the results was of little significance for the quantitative assessment criterion “temperature difference between zones with and without defect”, but...
用途-红外热成像越来越多地被用于诊断建筑物的病理,如立面缺陷。本文的目的是评估结果的再现性和设备对测量的影响。为此,将其定义为渲染分层的案例研究评估。设计/方法/方法-使用不同制造商的两台红外摄像机来检测样品中故意制造的缺陷的存在。测试是在实验室用热源进行的。通过有缺陷区和无缺陷区之间的温度梯度检测缺陷。发现-通过这种热成像,可以定性和定量地识别样品中的缺陷。结果发现在三个循环中可重复。对于“有缺陷区与无缺陷区温差”这一定量评价标准,设备对结果的影响不显著,但…
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引用次数: 40
Innovation in low carbon construction technologies: an historic analysis for obviating defects 低碳建筑技术创新:消除缺陷的历史分析
Pub Date : 2015-04-02 DOI: 10.1108/SS-03-2014-0013
Alan Mark Forster, Scott Fernie, Kate Carter, Peter Walker, Derek S. Thomson
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the risks of building defects associated with rapid advancement of “green” construction technologies. It identifies the methods adopted by the sector for the determination of pre-construction defects that are framed within the context of, traditional; scientific; and professional design approaches. These are critically evaluated and utilised in attempts to mitigate defects arising from diffusing low carbon construction innovations. Design/methodology/approach –The paper takes the formof an evaluative literature review. Polemic in orientation, the paper critically compares two periods of time associated with rapid advancement of innovation. The first, the post-Second World War housing boom is synonymous with a legacy of substandard buildings that in many cases rapidly deteriorated, requiring refurbishment or demolition shortly after construction. The second, is today’s “green” technology “shift” with its inherent uncertainty and increased risk of latent building defects and potential failure to deliver meaningful long-term performance. Central to this is an exploration of the drivers for innovation, and subsequent response, precautionary measures initiated, and the limitations of institutionalised systems to identify and mitigate defects. Similarities and differences between these historical periods frame a discussion around the theoretical approaches to defects and how these may be limited in contemporary low carbon construction. A conceptual framework is presented with the aim of enhancing the understanding for obviation of defects. Findings – Sufficient commonality exists between the periods to initiate a heightened vigilance in the identification, evaluation and ideally the obviation of defects. Design evaluation is not expressly or sufficiently defect focused. It appears that limited real change in the ability to identify defects has occurred since the post-war period and the ability to predict the performance of innovative systems and materials is therefore questionable. Attempts to appraise defects are still embedded in the three principle approaches: traditional; scientific; and professional design. Each of these systems have positive characteristics and address defect mitigation within constrains imposed by their very nature. However, they all fail to address the full spectrum of conditions and design and constructional complexities that lead to defects. The positive characteristics of each system need to be recognised and brought together in an holistic system that offers tangible advantages. Additionally, independent design professionals insufficiently emphasise the importance of defect identification and holistic evaluation of problems in design failure are influenced by their professional training and education. A silo-based mentality with fragmentation of professional responsibility debases the efficacy of defect identification, and failure to work in a meaningful, collaborative cros
目的-本文的目的是评估与快速发展的“绿色”建筑技术相关的建筑缺陷的风险。它确定了该部门采用的方法,用于确定在传统背景下框架的施工前缺陷;科学;以及专业的设计方法。这些都经过严格的评估和利用,以减轻由于低碳建筑创新的扩散而产生的缺陷。设计/方法/方法-论文采用评估性文献综述的形式。本文以论战为导向,批判性地比较了与创新快速发展相关的两个时期。首先,二战后的房地产繁荣是不合格建筑遗留问题的代名词,在许多情况下,这些建筑迅速恶化,需要在建成后不久进行翻新或拆除。第二,今天的“绿色”技术“转移”具有其固有的不确定性和增加的潜在建筑缺陷的风险,以及交付有意义的长期性能的潜在失败。其核心是探索创新的驱动因素,随后的响应,启动的预防措施,以及确定和减轻缺陷的制度化系统的局限性。这些历史时期的相同点和不同点构成了围绕缺陷的理论方法以及这些缺陷如何在当代低碳建设中受到限制的讨论。提出了一个概念框架,旨在提高对缺陷排除的理解。发现-在这两个时期之间存在足够的共性,可以在识别、评估和理想情况下消除缺陷方面提高警惕。设计评估没有明确地或充分地关注缺陷。自战后以来,在识别缺陷的能力方面似乎发生了有限的实际变化,因此,预测创新系统和材料性能的能力值得怀疑。评估缺陷的尝试仍然包含在三个原则方法中:传统的;科学;以及专业的设计。这些系统中的每一个都具有积极的特征,并在它们的本质所施加的限制内解决缺陷缓解问题。然而,它们都未能解决导致缺陷的所有条件、设计和构造复杂性。必须认识到每一种制度的积极特点,并把它们结合在一个提供切实好处的整体制度中。此外,独立设计专业人员对缺陷识别的重要性重视不够,设计失败问题的整体评估受到专业培训和教育的影响。基于竖井的心态以及专业责任的碎片降低了缺陷识别的有效性,并且以有意义的、跨专业的协作方式工作的失败阻碍了缺陷根除过程。研究限制/影响-在形成有意义的贡献以激发辩论的同时,需要进一步的调查来切实建立识别和消除缺陷的综合方法。实际意义-结构化的讨论和结论突出了行业从业者,政策制定者,监管机构,行业研究人员和学术研究人员在解决和实现低碳建筑未来方面的关注领域。这些经验教训不仅局限于英国,也具有国际意义,特别是在中国、巴西和印度等新兴经济体的快速、显著增长与碳减排和可持续发展的需求相结合的地方。社会影响-随着时间的推移,与解决新出现的缺陷的后果相关的碳成本将严重危及实现具有法律约束力的可持续发展目标的努力。这是一个相对较新的维度,并且混合了建筑失败的传统经济和社会影响。显然,盲目地接受这一点是“没有发展的创新成本”,是不能被支持的。原创性/价值——已经进行了大量的研究来评估施工后的缺陷。迄今为止,与施工前缺陷的确定相关的协议和固有复杂性在很大程度上被忽视了。这项工作试图纠正这种情况。
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引用次数: 0
Technical considerations in green roof retrofit for stormwater attenuation in the Central Business District 在中央商务区安装绿色屋顶以减低雨水的技术考虑
Pub Date : 2015-04-02 DOI: 10.1108/SS-07-2014-0031
S. Wilkinson, J. Lamond, D. Proverbs, L. Sharman, A. Heller, J. Manion
Purpose – The key aspects that built environment professionals need to consider when evaluating roofs for the purpose of green roof retrofit and also when assessing green roofs for technical due diligence purposes are outlined. Although green or sod roofs have been built over many centuries, contemporary roofs adopt new approaches and technologies. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – A mixed methods design based on a systematic review of relevant literature from parallel disciplines was used to identify and quantify the social, economic and environmental benefits of retrofitted green roofs in commercial districts. The technical issues of concern were drawn from a desk-top survey of literature and from stakeholder focus groups undertaken in Sydney in 2012. Findings – There are perceptions amongst built environmental practitioners that may act as artificial barriers to uptake. There is little direct experience within built environment professionals and practitioners, along ...
目的-概述了建筑环境专业人员在为绿色屋顶改造目的评估屋顶以及为技术尽职调查目的评估绿色屋顶时需要考虑的关键方面。虽然绿色或草皮屋顶已经建造了几个世纪,但当代屋顶采用了新的方法和技术。本文旨在探讨这些问题。设计/方法/方法-基于对平行学科相关文献的系统回顾,采用混合方法设计,以确定和量化商业区绿色屋顶改造的社会、经济和环境效益。关注的技术问题来自于2012年在悉尼进行的文献桌面调查和利益相关者焦点小组。研究结果-在建筑环境实践者中,有一些观念可能成为吸收的人为障碍。建筑环境专业人士和从业人员几乎没有直接的经验,而且……
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引用次数: 21
Exploration of building adaptations and retrofitting challenges in Ghana 探索加纳的建筑改造和改造挑战
Pub Date : 2014-11-06 DOI: 10.1108/SS-12-2013-0041
R. A. Oppong, M. Masahudu
Purpose – The Ghanaian banking industry has over the last 20 years witnessed tremendous growth to the extent that rural banks are now expanding their activities into urban centres. Hitherto, rural banks operated in rural and peri-urban areas in Ghana, but nowadays, there is an upsurge of rural banks activities in the urban centres of Ghana; and, they operate from rented premises, most of which are existing buildings in the urban areas. To meet the banking demands and the urban banking competitions such as the introduction of new technologies and regulations, the rural banks endeavour to expand (refurbish) the old/existing buildings with inherent adaptation and retrofitting challenges. Even though, adaptation and retrofit projects may not be popular in Ghana at large scales, this paper through combined methodology of constructive dialogue, case studies and condition survey approaches presents rural banks projects in Ghana as case studies of refurbishment and maintenance to “unearth” and resonate some key c...
目的-加纳银行业在过去20年中经历了巨大的增长,以至于农村银行现在正在将其活动扩展到城市中心。迄今为止,农村银行在加纳的农村和城郊地区开展业务,但如今,农村银行在加纳城市中心的活动激增;而且,他们在租来的场所工作,其中大部分是城市地区的现有建筑。为了满足银行业务的需求和城市银行业务的竞争,如新技术和新法规的引入,农村银行努力扩建(翻新)旧/既有建筑,具有固有的适应性和改造挑战。尽管适应和改造项目在加纳可能不会大规模流行,但本文通过建设性对话、案例研究和条件调查相结合的方法,将加纳的农村银行项目作为翻新和维护的案例研究,以“挖掘”和共鸣一些关键问题。
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引用次数: 6
Key challenges of managing building adaptation and retrofit projects 管理建筑改造和改造项目的主要挑战
Pub Date : 2014-11-06 DOI: 10.1108/SS-10-2014-0035
N. Ankrah, D. Ahadzie
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引用次数: 5
An experimental study of moisture buffering of bio-insulations in lofts 阁楼生物保温材料的湿缓冲实验研究
Pub Date : 2014-11-06 DOI: 10.1108/SS-03-2014-0016
S. Tucker, Eshrar Latif, D. Wijeyesekera
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe and discuss initial work to assess the moisture buffering performance of selected bio-insulations in lofts that suffer from excessive moisture following refurbishment. Design/methodology/approach – These conditions were then reproduced in a physical lab-based experiment such that the comparative performance of the bio-insulations and stone wool could be measured. Findings – It was found that the bio-insulations could remove over 60 per cent of the moisture in the loft air, and therefore reduce the risk of condensation and its severity. Research limitations/implications – The initial work reported here is indicative of the buffering potential of bio-insulations but further work is required to better quantify this performance. There is a need to further examine lofts with moisture problems and to produce reliable testing methods and protocols to be used when retrofitting loft insulation. Practical implications – Installers and specifiers of loft insulation ...
目的-本文的目的是描述和讨论初步工作,以评估在翻新后遭受过度潮湿的阁楼中选定的生物隔热材料的防潮性能。设计/方法/方法-然后在物理实验室实验中重现这些条件,以便可以测量生物隔热材料和石棉的比较性能。研究结果-研究发现,生物隔热材料可以去除阁楼空气中60%以上的水分,从而降低冷凝的风险及其严重程度。研究局限性/启示——这里报告的初步工作表明了生物绝缘材料的缓冲潜力,但需要进一步的工作来更好地量化这种性能。有必要进一步检查有潮湿问题的阁楼,并制定可靠的测试方法和协议,以便在改造阁楼绝缘材料时使用。实际意义-阁楼绝缘的安装人员和规范…
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引用次数: 8
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Structural Survey
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