{"title":"Distribution of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) in Indonesia.","authors":"N. Sugiyama, E. Santosa, M. Nakata","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.54.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.54.33","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122897415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Food- and Sludge-Derived Compost on Rice Cultivation","authors":"Behroze Rostami, Y. Nagaya, H. Ganji, T. Umezaki","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.62.186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.62.186","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115144009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Ishikawa, Y. Kimura, R. Sawado, Alatengdalai, O. Enishi, M. Goto, A. Tajima
{"title":"Nutritional Characteristics of Dominant Wild-Plant Species in Salt-Accumulated Grasslands Producing a Local Sheep Breed with High Twinning Rate in Harigabi, Inner Mongolia","authors":"N. Ishikawa, Y. Kimura, R. Sawado, Alatengdalai, O. Enishi, M. Goto, A. Tajima","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.60.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.60.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131781428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Maeda, Y. Yonemoto, H. Higuchi, M. Hossain, Noriaki Jomura, Kazunari Hattori
We carried out experiments to determine the optimal rate and timing of fertilizer application to macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche) in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. To determine the optimal rates of fertilizer application, fertilizer was applied once a year in a macadamia orchard lying on gray lowland soils after converts in from paddy fields. The fertilizer was applied in April, at a rate of 150, 300 or 450 kg N/ ha. The maximum yield was obtained with a fertilizer application rate of 150 kg N/ ha/ year. The timing of fertilizer application was studied in a macadamia orchard lying on brown earth in the upland soils of Susami, southern Wakayama Prefecture. Fertilizer (300 kg N/ ha) was applied in three different ways: total amount applied in spring (April); half-amount applied in spring (April) and half-amount applied in autumn (October); or total amount applied in autumn (October). The highest yield was obtained when the total amount was applied in spring (April).
为确定日本和歌山县夏威夷果(macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche)的最佳施肥量和施肥时间，进行了试验。为了确定最佳的施肥量，在灰色低地土壤上的一个夏威夷果果园，从水田转化后每年施用一次肥料。4月施用化肥，施氮量为150、300或450公斤/公顷。施肥150 kg N/ ha/年时产量最高。在和歌山县南部Susami高地棕土上的夏威夷果园内，研究了施肥的时机。施肥(300 kg N/ hm2)分三种方式:春季(4月)全施;春季(4月)和秋季(10月)各施一半;或秋季(10月)申请的总金额。在春季(4月)全施产量最高。
{"title":"Effects of Rate and Timing of Fertilizer Application on Yield of Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche) in Japan","authors":"T. Maeda, Y. Yonemoto, H. Higuchi, M. Hossain, Noriaki Jomura, Kazunari Hattori","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.56.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.56.9","url":null,"abstract":"We carried out experiments to determine the optimal rate and timing of fertilizer application to macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche) in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. To determine the optimal rates of fertilizer application, fertilizer was applied once a year in a macadamia orchard lying on gray lowland soils after converts in from paddy fields. The fertilizer was applied in April, at a rate of 150, 300 or 450 kg N/ ha. The maximum yield was obtained with a fertilizer application rate of 150 kg N/ ha/ year. The timing of fertilizer application was studied in a macadamia orchard lying on brown earth in the upland soils of Susami, southern Wakayama Prefecture. Fertilizer (300 kg N/ ha) was applied in three different ways: total amount applied in spring (April); half-amount applied in spring (April) and half-amount applied in autumn (October); or total amount applied in autumn (October). The highest yield was obtained when the total amount was applied in spring (April).","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134353382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Capsicum chinense is thought to have been domesticated in the lowlands east of the Andes Mountains in South America. It is grown in Southeast Asia, but its distribution there remains unknown. We conducted literature, specimen, field, and market surveys of C. chinense in Indonesia to investigate its introduction into Indonesia and to determine its current distribution. One dried specimen collected in 1912 and stored as Capsicum sp. appears to be either C. frutescens or C. chinense. An illustration of C. frutescens in Ochse (1931), which actually appears to be C. chinense, suggests that C. chinense may have been introduced into Indonesia before World War II; however, the distribution of C. chinense in Southeast Asia remains very limited to this today. In Indonesia, C. chinense is distributed widely on at least the three major islands of Java, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi with several morphologically different fruit types; it is used as an ornamental plant as well as a spice. Four species of the genus Capsicum, including C. annuum, C. frutescens, C. pubescens, and C. chinense, are distributed in Indonesia, which suggests that Indonesia has more genetic resources and more potential to breed species of Capsicum than other countries in Southeast and East Asia.
{"title":"History and Distribution of Capsicum chinense in Indonesia","authors":"Sōta Yamamoto, T. Djarwaningsih, H. Wiriadinata","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.58.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.58.94","url":null,"abstract":"Capsicum chinense is thought to have been domesticated in the lowlands east of the Andes Mountains in South America. It is grown in Southeast Asia, but its distribution there remains unknown. We conducted literature, specimen, field, and market surveys of C. chinense in Indonesia to investigate its introduction into Indonesia and to determine its current distribution. One dried specimen collected in 1912 and stored as Capsicum sp. appears to be either C. frutescens or C. chinense. An illustration of C. frutescens in Ochse (1931), which actually appears to be C. chinense, suggests that C. chinense may have been introduced into Indonesia before World War II; however, the distribution of C. chinense in Southeast Asia remains very limited to this today. In Indonesia, C. chinense is distributed widely on at least the three major islands of Java, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi with several morphologically different fruit types; it is used as an ornamental plant as well as a spice. Four species of the genus Capsicum, including C. annuum, C. frutescens, C. pubescens, and C. chinense, are distributed in Indonesia, which suggests that Indonesia has more genetic resources and more potential to breed species of Capsicum than other countries in Southeast and East Asia.","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134096139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Tan, M. Wong, Y. Yusuyin, A. Abdu, K. Iwasaki, Sota Tanaka
Abstract Within an oil palm field, different micro sites are established for fertilizer application (weeded circle), organic matter addition (frond heap) and operation paths (harvest path). This study reports the soil characteristics on an oil palm field with special reference to the micro sites as well as slope positions. For this study purpose, a second generation oil palm field (average slope gradient of 8°) with 10 years old oil palm was selected. The soils (Typic Hapludox) could be generally characterized by acidic nature and low levels in exchangeable bases with high aluminum activity. Soil properties were significantly or tended to be different at the depth of 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm in terms of micro sites; total carbon (T-C), total nitrogen (T-N), exchangeable magnesium (Mg) and exchangeable calcium (Ca) contents were higher at the frond heap. On the other hand, higher amounts of available phosphorus were accumulated in the weeded circle due to fertilizer application. Meanwhile, between different slope positions, non-distinct soil particles movement was observed and no evidence of soil erosion was found.
{"title":"Soil Characteristics in An Oil Palm Field, Central Pahang, Malaysia with Special Reference to Micro Sites under Different Managements and Slope Positions","authors":"N. Tan, M. Wong, Y. Yusuyin, A. Abdu, K. Iwasaki, Sota Tanaka","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.58.146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.58.146","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Within an oil palm field, different micro sites are established for fertilizer application (weeded circle), organic matter addition (frond heap) and operation paths (harvest path). This study reports the soil characteristics on an oil palm field with special reference to the micro sites as well as slope positions. For this study purpose, a second generation oil palm field (average slope gradient of 8°) with 10 years old oil palm was selected. The soils (Typic Hapludox) could be generally characterized by acidic nature and low levels in exchangeable bases with high aluminum activity. Soil properties were significantly or tended to be different at the depth of 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm in terms of micro sites; total carbon (T-C), total nitrogen (T-N), exchangeable magnesium (Mg) and exchangeable calcium (Ca) contents were higher at the frond heap. On the other hand, higher amounts of available phosphorus were accumulated in the weeded circle due to fertilizer application. Meanwhile, between different slope positions, non-distinct soil particles movement was observed and no evidence of soil erosion was found.","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129640466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pachakkil Babil, S. Kondo, H. Iwata, S. Kushikawa, H. Shiwachi
Chinese yam (Dioscorea polystachya Turcz.) is an edible tuber crop cultivated mainly in temperate regions of Japan and China. Chinese yam cultivars in Japan are classified into the following three groups: Nagaimo, Tsukuneimo, and Ichoimo, which produce cylindrical, round, and flattened tubers, respectively. In the present study, the chromosome numbers of cultivated Chinese yams from Japan were estimated. The chromosomes of the cultivar ‘Kagamaruimo’ were observed, and the chromosome number was estimated to be 2n = approximately 100. Flow cytometry using ‘Kagamaruimo’ as an internal reference standard revealed that the number of chromosomes in the 11 cultivars belonging to the Nagaimo group was 2n = approximately 140, while in the remaining 10 cultivars classified in the Tsukuneimo or Ichoimo group, the chromosome number was 2n = approximately 100. Based on data from shape analysis of leaves, Chinese yam cultivars could be divided mainly into two groups: a group that includes cultivars of Nagaimo and a group that includes cultivars of Tsukuneimo and Ichoimo. A high correlation was also found between stomatal traits and chromosome number. Based on the length, width, and size of the stoma, chinese yam cultivars were divided into two groups: cultivars with the chromosome number 2n = 100 and those with 2n = 140. Based on the results obtained in the present study, chinese yam cultivars can be divided into two genetic groups: a group containing cultivars of Nagaimo and a group containing cultivars of ‘Tsukuneimo’ and ‘Ichoimo’.
{"title":"Intra-Specific Ploidy Variations in Cultivated Chinese Yam (Dioscorea polystachya Turcz.)","authors":"Pachakkil Babil, S. Kondo, H. Iwata, S. Kushikawa, H. Shiwachi","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.57.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.57.101","url":null,"abstract":"Chinese yam (Dioscorea polystachya Turcz.) is an edible tuber crop cultivated mainly in temperate regions of Japan and China. Chinese yam cultivars in Japan are classified into the following three groups: Nagaimo, Tsukuneimo, and Ichoimo, which produce cylindrical, round, and flattened tubers, respectively. In the present study, the chromosome numbers of cultivated Chinese yams from Japan were estimated. The chromosomes of the cultivar ‘Kagamaruimo’ were observed, and the chromosome number was estimated to be 2n = approximately 100. Flow cytometry using ‘Kagamaruimo’ as an internal reference standard revealed that the number of chromosomes in the 11 cultivars belonging to the Nagaimo group was 2n = approximately 140, while in the remaining 10 cultivars classified in the Tsukuneimo or Ichoimo group, the chromosome number was 2n = approximately 100. Based on data from shape analysis of leaves, Chinese yam cultivars could be divided mainly into two groups: a group that includes cultivars of Nagaimo and a group that includes cultivars of Tsukuneimo and Ichoimo. A high correlation was also found between stomatal traits and chromosome number. Based on the length, width, and size of the stoma, chinese yam cultivars were divided into two groups: cultivars with the chromosome number 2n = 100 and those with 2n = 140. Based on the results obtained in the present study, chinese yam cultivars can be divided into two genetic groups: a group containing cultivars of Nagaimo and a group containing cultivars of ‘Tsukuneimo’ and ‘Ichoimo’.","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125220056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naoki Fukushima, A. Shimada, N. Kozai, Masashi Yamamoto
{"title":"Identification of Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Cultivars by Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) Markers","authors":"Naoki Fukushima, A. Shimada, N. Kozai, Masashi Yamamoto","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.63.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.63.27","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125248041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Jumadi, Alimuddin Ali, Y. Hala, A. Muis, K. Yagi, K. Inubushi
Several options to reduce methane (CH4) emission from rice fields have been reported including straw management,soil amended with Fe(OH)3 and iron slag, encapsulated calcium carbide, and water management by drainage-flooding. In the present paper, field experiments were conducted to determine whether controlled water level below 3 cm and 6 cm might affectCH4 and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions compared to local rice farmer practice (water level mostly above 6 cm but basicallyuncontrolled) in Maros area, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. CH4 and N2O fluxes were measured at one-week intervals throughouttwo cropping seasons using a closed chamber method. Grain yield was determined at the end of cultivation. The results showedthat CH4 emission in the 1st cultivation was reduced by 36.5% and 33.8% in the plots with 3 cm and 6 cm water levels, respectively,whereas, in the 2nd cultivation, it was reduced by 63.6% and 44.6%, compared to farmer practice plots. N2O emission from paddyfields was not detected and tended to decrease in both cropping seasons. We concluded that controlled water level lower than thatin farmer practice could significantly reduce CH4 emission without affecting rice grain yield and N2O emission. Key words: CH4 and N2O emissions, Controlled water level, Indonesia, Rice field
{"title":"Effect of Controlled Water Level on CH 4 and N 2 O Emissions from Rice Fields in Indonesia","authors":"O. Jumadi, Alimuddin Ali, Y. Hala, A. Muis, K. Yagi, K. Inubushi","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.56.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.56.129","url":null,"abstract":"Several options to reduce methane (CH4) emission from rice fields have been reported including straw management,soil amended with Fe(OH)3 and iron slag, encapsulated calcium carbide, and water management by drainage-flooding. In the \u0000present paper, field experiments were conducted to determine whether controlled water level below 3 cm and 6 cm might affectCH4 and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions compared to local rice farmer practice (water level mostly above 6 cm but basicallyuncontrolled) in Maros area, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. CH4 and N2O fluxes were measured at one-week intervals throughouttwo cropping seasons using a closed chamber method. Grain yield was determined at the end of cultivation. The results showedthat CH4 emission in the 1st cultivation was reduced by 36.5% and 33.8% in the plots with 3 cm and 6 cm water levels, respectively,whereas, in the 2nd cultivation, it was reduced by 63.6% and 44.6%, compared to farmer practice plots. N2O emission from paddyfields was not detected and tended to decrease in both cropping seasons. We concluded that controlled water level lower than thatin farmer practice could significantly reduce CH4 emission without affecting rice grain yield and N2O emission. \u0000 \u0000Key words: CH4 and N2O emissions, Controlled water level, Indonesia, Rice field","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"180 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131946044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kanako Takada, H. Kikuno, Pachakkil Babil, H. Shiwachi
{"title":"Analysis of the Source of Nitrogen During Water Yam (Dioscorea alata L.) Growth Using δ15N Observations","authors":"Kanako Takada, H. Kikuno, Pachakkil Babil, H. Shiwachi","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.62.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.62.124","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"272 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115903664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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