{"title":"Distribution of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) in Indonesia.","authors":"N. Sugiyama, E. Santosa, M. Nakata","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.54.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.54.33","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122897415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Food- and Sludge-Derived Compost on Rice Cultivation","authors":"Behroze Rostami, Y. Nagaya, H. Ganji, T. Umezaki","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.62.186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.62.186","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115144009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Ishikawa, Y. Kimura, R. Sawado, Alatengdalai, O. Enishi, M. Goto, A. Tajima
{"title":"Nutritional Characteristics of Dominant Wild-Plant Species in Salt-Accumulated Grasslands Producing a Local Sheep Breed with High Twinning Rate in Harigabi, Inner Mongolia","authors":"N. Ishikawa, Y. Kimura, R. Sawado, Alatengdalai, O. Enishi, M. Goto, A. Tajima","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.60.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.60.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131781428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Maeda, Y. Yonemoto, H. Higuchi, M. Hossain, Noriaki Jomura, Kazunari Hattori
We carried out experiments to determine the optimal rate and timing of fertilizer application to macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche) in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. To determine the optimal rates of fertilizer application, fertilizer was applied once a year in a macadamia orchard lying on gray lowland soils after converts in from paddy fields. The fertilizer was applied in April, at a rate of 150, 300 or 450 kg N/ ha. The maximum yield was obtained with a fertilizer application rate of 150 kg N/ ha/ year. The timing of fertilizer application was studied in a macadamia orchard lying on brown earth in the upland soils of Susami, southern Wakayama Prefecture. Fertilizer (300 kg N/ ha) was applied in three different ways: total amount applied in spring (April); half-amount applied in spring (April) and half-amount applied in autumn (October); or total amount applied in autumn (October). The highest yield was obtained when the total amount was applied in spring (April).
为确定日本和歌山县夏威夷果(macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche)的最佳施肥量和施肥时间，进行了试验。为了确定最佳的施肥量，在灰色低地土壤上的一个夏威夷果果园，从水田转化后每年施用一次肥料。4月施用化肥，施氮量为150、300或450公斤/公顷。施肥150 kg N/ ha/年时产量最高。在和歌山县南部Susami高地棕土上的夏威夷果园内，研究了施肥的时机。施肥(300 kg N/ hm2)分三种方式:春季(4月)全施;春季(4月)和秋季(10月)各施一半;或秋季(10月)申请的总金额。在春季(4月)全施产量最高。
{"title":"Effects of Rate and Timing of Fertilizer Application on Yield of Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche) in Japan","authors":"T. Maeda, Y. Yonemoto, H. Higuchi, M. Hossain, Noriaki Jomura, Kazunari Hattori","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.56.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.56.9","url":null,"abstract":"We carried out experiments to determine the optimal rate and timing of fertilizer application to macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche) in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. To determine the optimal rates of fertilizer application, fertilizer was applied once a year in a macadamia orchard lying on gray lowland soils after converts in from paddy fields. The fertilizer was applied in April, at a rate of 150, 300 or 450 kg N/ ha. The maximum yield was obtained with a fertilizer application rate of 150 kg N/ ha/ year. The timing of fertilizer application was studied in a macadamia orchard lying on brown earth in the upland soils of Susami, southern Wakayama Prefecture. Fertilizer (300 kg N/ ha) was applied in three different ways: total amount applied in spring (April); half-amount applied in spring (April) and half-amount applied in autumn (October); or total amount applied in autumn (October). The highest yield was obtained when the total amount was applied in spring (April).","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134353382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Capsicum chinense is thought to have been domesticated in the lowlands east of the Andes Mountains in South America. It is grown in Southeast Asia, but its distribution there remains unknown. We conducted literature, specimen, field, and market surveys of C. chinense in Indonesia to investigate its introduction into Indonesia and to determine its current distribution. One dried specimen collected in 1912 and stored as Capsicum sp. appears to be either C. frutescens or C. chinense. An illustration of C. frutescens in Ochse (1931), which actually appears to be C. chinense, suggests that C. chinense may have been introduced into Indonesia before World War II; however, the distribution of C. chinense in Southeast Asia remains very limited to this today. In Indonesia, C. chinense is distributed widely on at least the three major islands of Java, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi with several morphologically different fruit types; it is used as an ornamental plant as well as a spice. Four species of the genus Capsicum, including C. annuum, C. frutescens, C. pubescens, and C. chinense, are distributed in Indonesia, which suggests that Indonesia has more genetic resources and more potential to breed species of Capsicum than other countries in Southeast and East Asia.
{"title":"History and Distribution of Capsicum chinense in Indonesia","authors":"Sōta Yamamoto, T. Djarwaningsih, H. Wiriadinata","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.58.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.58.94","url":null,"abstract":"Capsicum chinense is thought to have been domesticated in the lowlands east of the Andes Mountains in South America. It is grown in Southeast Asia, but its distribution there remains unknown. We conducted literature, specimen, field, and market surveys of C. chinense in Indonesia to investigate its introduction into Indonesia and to determine its current distribution. One dried specimen collected in 1912 and stored as Capsicum sp. appears to be either C. frutescens or C. chinense. An illustration of C. frutescens in Ochse (1931), which actually appears to be C. chinense, suggests that C. chinense may have been introduced into Indonesia before World War II; however, the distribution of C. chinense in Southeast Asia remains very limited to this today. In Indonesia, C. chinense is distributed widely on at least the three major islands of Java, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi with several morphologically different fruit types; it is used as an ornamental plant as well as a spice. Four species of the genus Capsicum, including C. annuum, C. frutescens, C. pubescens, and C. chinense, are distributed in Indonesia, which suggests that Indonesia has more genetic resources and more potential to breed species of Capsicum than other countries in Southeast and East Asia.","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134096139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. N. Kien, Sota Tanaka, N. Noi, L. T. Sơn, N. M. Phuong, Bui Thi Thu Trang, Michiyo Noda, D. Ueno, K. Iwasaki
{"title":"Heavy Metal Concentrations in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Plants Grown in a Chromite Mining Area in Vietnam","authors":"C. N. Kien, Sota Tanaka, N. Noi, L. T. Sơn, N. M. Phuong, Bui Thi Thu Trang, Michiyo Noda, D. Ueno, K. Iwasaki","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.55.135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.55.135","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115731656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kanako Takada, H. Kikuno, Pachakkil Babil, H. Shiwachi
{"title":"Analysis of the Source of Nitrogen During Water Yam (Dioscorea alata L.) Growth Using δ15N Observations","authors":"Kanako Takada, H. Kikuno, Pachakkil Babil, H. Shiwachi","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.62.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.62.124","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"272 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115903664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Sabiham, S. Marwanto, Tetsuhiro Watanabe, Shinya Funakawa, U. Sudadi, F. Agus
The decomposition of organic matter infl uences CO2 fl ux in peat soils. However, determination of the fl ux from the decomposition process is usually over-estimated because the total CO2 fl ux calculation includes root respiration. We clarified this issue addressing the following aims: (i) to study the relation of oil palm root distribution in peat soils to the fl ux and (ii) to estimate the relative contribution of root respiration and peat decomposition to the total CO2 fl ux. The study was conducted between January and June 2012. In the research area, three transects were established perpendicular to drainage channels, where nine14- year-old oil palm trees were selected and used as observation sites. Eight closed chambers were established as observation points at each site. We measured CO2 fl ux at each point using an Infra Red Gas Analyzer (IRGA). Root and peat samples were collected from each observation point to measure root density and analyze peat chemical properties. Our results showed that the pHH2O and nutrient content of P, K, Ca and Mg in the peat soils significantly increased of CO2 fl ux. Oil palm roots at depths of 0-15 and 15-30 cm nearest the tree showed the highest density, while root densities gradually decreased with increasing distance from the tree. CO2 fl ux in the peat soils nearest to the tree were highest at 0.44 ± 0.23 mg CO2 m- 2 sec- 1 (or 137.7 ± 73.4 t CO2 ha- 1 yr - 1 ). CO2 fl ux significantly decreased with increasing distance from the tree, showing the lowest value of 0.10 ± 0.04 mg CO2 m- 2 sec- 1 (or 30.67 ± 12.4 t CO2 ha - 1 yr - 1 ). We conclude that the CO2 fl ux was derived from peat decomposition and root respiration. Using the integral equation approach, the relative contribution of root respiration and peat decomposition was 74 and 26%, respectively to the total CO2 fl ux.
有机质的分解影响泥炭土的CO2通量。然而，分解过程中通量的测定通常被高估了，因为计算总CO2通量时包括了根呼吸。我们澄清这一问题的目的是:(i)研究泥炭土壤中油棕根分布与通量的关系;(ii)估计根呼吸和泥炭分解对总CO2通量的相对贡献。这项研究是在2012年1月至6月间进行的。在研究区垂直于河道建立3个样带，选取9株14年生油棕树作为观测点。在每个场址设立了8个封闭室作为观察点。我们使用红外气体分析仪(IRGA)测量每个点的CO2通量。在每个观测点采集根和泥炭样品，测量根密度，分析泥炭化学性质。结果表明，泥炭土pHH2O和P、K、Ca、Mg等养分含量显著增加了CO2通量。油棕根系密度在离树最近的0 ~ 15 cm和15 ~ 30 cm处最高，随着离树距离的增加，根系密度逐渐降低。在离树木最近的泥炭土中，CO2通量最高，为0.44±0.23 mg CO2 m- 2 sec- 1(或137.7±73.4 t CO2 ha- 1 yr - 1)。CO2通量随着离树距离的增加而显著降低，最低值为0.10±0.04 mg CO2 m- 2 sec- 1(或30.67±12.4 t CO2 ha - 1 yr - 1)。我们得出结论，CO2通量来源于泥炭分解和根呼吸。利用积分方程方法，根呼吸和泥炭分解对总CO2通量的相对贡献分别为74%和26%。
{"title":"Estimating the Relative Contributions of Root Respiration and Peat Decomposition to the Total CO2 Flux from Peat Soil at an Oil Palm Plantation in Sumatra, Indonesia","authors":"S. Sabiham, S. Marwanto, Tetsuhiro Watanabe, Shinya Funakawa, U. Sudadi, F. Agus","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.58.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.58.87","url":null,"abstract":"The decomposition of organic matter infl uences CO2 fl ux in peat soils. However, determination of the fl ux from the decomposition process is usually over-estimated because the total CO2 fl ux calculation includes root respiration. We clarified this issue addressing the following aims: (i) to study the relation of oil palm root distribution in peat soils to the fl ux and (ii) to estimate the relative contribution of root respiration and peat decomposition to the total CO2 fl ux. The study was conducted between January and June 2012. In the research area, three transects were established perpendicular to drainage channels, where nine14- year-old oil palm trees were selected and used as observation sites. Eight closed chambers were established as observation points at each site. We measured CO2 fl ux at each point using an Infra Red Gas Analyzer (IRGA). Root and peat samples were collected from each observation point to measure root density and analyze peat chemical properties. Our results showed that the pHH2O and nutrient content of P, K, Ca and Mg in the peat soils significantly increased of CO2 fl ux. Oil palm roots at depths of 0-15 and 15-30 cm nearest the tree showed the highest density, while root densities gradually decreased with increasing distance from the tree. CO2 fl ux in the peat soils nearest to the tree were highest at 0.44 ± 0.23 mg CO2 m- 2 sec- 1 (or 137.7 ± 73.4 t CO2 ha- 1 yr - 1 ). CO2 fl ux significantly decreased with increasing distance from the tree, showing the lowest value of 0.10 ± 0.04 mg CO2 m- 2 sec- 1 (or 30.67 ± 12.4 t CO2 ha - 1 yr - 1 ). We conclude that the CO2 fl ux was derived from peat decomposition and root respiration. Using the integral equation approach, the relative contribution of root respiration and peat decomposition was 74 and 26%, respectively to the total CO2 fl ux.","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115301447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Nakamura, R. N. Issaka, J. Awuni, I. Dzomeku, M. M. Buri, V. K. Avornyo, E. Adjei, M. Fukuda, Dankyi A. Awere, S. Tobita
{"title":"Soil Fertility Management for Sustainable Lowland Rice Production in Ghana","authors":"S. Nakamura, R. N. Issaka, J. Awuni, I. Dzomeku, M. M. Buri, V. K. Avornyo, E. Adjei, M. Fukuda, Dankyi A. Awere, S. Tobita","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.60.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.60.119","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124721925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anatomical Verification of Thai Local Classifications of Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) Floral Development and Vegetative Conversion of the Buds","authors":"N. Kozai, H. Higuchi","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.55.162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.55.162","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124854888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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