Y. Yusuyin, N. Tan, M. Wong, A. Abdu, K. Iwasaki, Sota Tanaka
In oil palm plantation, palm fronds are pruned off upon fruit bunch harvest and heaped up in-between palm trees, which is called as a frond heap. This study examined the amounts of nutrients contained in frond heaps and their influence on the underlying soil fertility at an 18-year-old oil palm field in Central Pahang, Malaysia. Based on biomass measurement and nutrient analysis, the amounts of C, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in the frond heaps were estimated to be 697, 11.8, 0.810, 18.9, 8.05, and 2.73 g m-2, respectively. Meanwhile, the surface soils below the frond heaps showed higher levels of pH, EC, total C, N, exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K than those at harvest path, which is operation path for workers to harvest, while available P was more accumulated at weeded circle, to which fertilizer is applied under the palm canopy. These tendencies were more obvious compared with our previous study conducted at a 10-year-old field located in the same region. This study reveals that the nutrients released from decomposing frond heaps could contribute to build-up of the major nutrients except for P in the underlying soils to be recycled by palm trees.
在油棕种植园，人们在收获果实时修剪掉棕榈叶，并将其堆放在棕榈树之间，这被称为“叶堆”。本研究调查了马来西亚彭亨中部一个18年油棕田叶堆中所含的养分量及其对底层土壤肥力的影响。通过生物量测定和养分分析，估算出前堆中C、N、P、K、Ca和Mg的含量分别为697、11.8、0.810、18.9、8.05和2.73 g m-2。与此同时，叶堆下表层土壤pH、EC、总C、N、交换态Ca、Mg和K均高于工人收割作业路径上的土壤pH、EC、总C、N、交换态Ca、Mg和K水平，而有效磷在棕榈冠下施用化肥的杂草圈处积累较多。与我们之前在同一地区一个10年的油田进行的研究相比，这些趋势更为明显。本研究表明，叶堆分解释放的养分可以促进下层土壤中除磷以外的主要养分的积累，供棕榈树循环利用。
{"title":"Nutrient Status of Frond Heaps and the Underlying Soils at An 18-Year-Old Oil Palm Field in Central Pahang, Malaysia","authors":"Y. Yusuyin, N. Tan, M. Wong, A. Abdu, K. Iwasaki, Sota Tanaka","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.59.212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.59.212","url":null,"abstract":"In oil palm plantation, palm fronds are pruned off upon fruit bunch harvest and heaped up in-between palm trees, which is called as a frond heap. This study examined the amounts of nutrients contained in frond heaps and their influence on the underlying soil fertility at an 18-year-old oil palm field in Central Pahang, Malaysia. Based on biomass measurement and nutrient analysis, the amounts of C, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in the frond heaps were estimated to be 697, 11.8, 0.810, 18.9, 8.05, and 2.73 g m-2, respectively. Meanwhile, the surface soils below the frond heaps showed higher levels of pH, EC, total C, N, exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K than those at harvest path, which is operation path for workers to harvest, while available P was more accumulated at weeded circle, to which fertilizer is applied under the palm canopy. These tendencies were more obvious compared with our previous study conducted at a 10-year-old field located in the same region. This study reveals that the nutrients released from decomposing frond heaps could contribute to build-up of the major nutrients except for P in the underlying soils to be recycled by palm trees.","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126334761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Irawan, Yoshinori Yamamoto, Tetsushi Yoshida, A. Miyazaki, F. Jong
The present study evaluated the survival rate and the growth performance of sago palm suckers during the early establishment in response to storage conditions (shaded and unshaded conditions) prior to the nursery period. Moreover, changes in the contents of macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) as well as nonstructural carbohydrates in the pith were also elucidated. Storage periods of 0, 3, 7, 15, and 25 days were used. Storage of the collected suckers prior to the nursery period reduced their freshness due to the reduction of the moisture content. The suckers stored under shaded conditions lost less weight than those stored under unshaded conditions, especially during the 3to 15day period after storage (DAS) and at 25 DAS, they showed a similar weight loss. While the pith dry matter percentage and the contents of macronutrients as well as total sugar in the pith increased with the prolongation of the storage period, the content of starch decreased steadily. The changes in those parameters between the two storage methods in each storage period were not significantly different in most cases. The contents of macronutrients, in general, were maximum mainly at 7 and 15 DAS. They decreased thereafter when the period was extended to 15 or 25 days. Direct nursery transfer resulted in a survival rate of 87.5 % and the rate decreased with the prolongation of the storage period, regardless of the storage methods. A long storage period (25 days) considerably reduced the sucker survival rate below 20 %, even when the suckers were kept under shaded conditions and none of them was able to survive when they were stored under unshaded conditions. The survival rate of sago palm suckers during the nursery period could be enhanced by using freshly prepared suckers. If the suckers need to be stored for any reasons, placement under shaded conditions for less than a one week is recommended.
{"title":"Changes in Nutrient Contents in Pith of Sago Palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) Suckers during Storage and Effects of Storage Conditions on Subsequent Growth during Nursery Period","authors":"A. Irawan, Yoshinori Yamamoto, Tetsushi Yoshida, A. Miyazaki, F. Jong","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.55.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.55.21","url":null,"abstract":"The present study evaluated the survival rate and the growth performance of sago palm suckers during the early establishment in response to storage conditions (shaded and unshaded conditions) prior to the nursery period. Moreover, changes in the contents of macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) as well as nonstructural carbohydrates in the pith were also elucidated. Storage periods of 0, 3, 7, 15, and 25 days were used. Storage of the collected suckers prior to the nursery period reduced their freshness due to the reduction of the moisture content. The suckers stored under shaded conditions lost less weight than those stored under unshaded conditions, especially during the 3to 15day period after storage (DAS) and at 25 DAS, they showed a similar weight loss. While the pith dry matter percentage and the contents of macronutrients as well as total sugar in the pith increased with the prolongation of the storage period, the content of starch decreased steadily. The changes in those parameters between the two storage methods in each storage period were not significantly different in most cases. The contents of macronutrients, in general, were maximum mainly at 7 and 15 DAS. They decreased thereafter when the period was extended to 15 or 25 days. Direct nursery transfer resulted in a survival rate of 87.5 % and the rate decreased with the prolongation of the storage period, regardless of the storage methods. A long storage period (25 days) considerably reduced the sucker survival rate below 20 %, even when the suckers were kept under shaded conditions and none of them was able to survive when they were stored under unshaded conditions. The survival rate of sago palm suckers during the nursery period could be enhanced by using freshly prepared suckers. If the suckers need to be stored for any reasons, placement under shaded conditions for less than a one week is recommended.","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115968593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sago palm seedlings were exposed to 2 cycles of diurnal change of NaCl concentration in the culture solution in a hydroponic system for 4 months. During the experiment, the emergence rate of new leaves in the treated plants tended to be slow, compared to that of the control plants. However the number of dead leaves was the same in both control and treated plants. The total N and P concentrations in the leaflets and petioles and the leaf area at each leaf position did not change with the treatment. The increase of the SPAD value was slow in the treated plants. The photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance in the treated plants decreased by about 40%. The Na+ concentration increased in all the plant parts with the treatment, especially in the roots and petioles at the lower leaf positions. The K+ concentration decreased in the roots and petioles, whereas it increased in some leaflets. Although a large difference in the decrease in Mg2+ concentration was found in the cortex, the difference was negligible in the stele of adventitious roots, petioles and leaflets. Based on these results, it is considered that sago palm plants growing in a brackish water area are able to maintain a low Na+ concentration in the leaflets of active leaves by storing Na+ mainly in the roots and petioles. The factor limiting the photosynthetic rate under NaCl stress was the reduction in stomatal conductance that resulted from a trade-off with the decrease in the transpiration rate for maintaining the water status in the leaves. Although chlorophyll production was depressed, the absorption of macronutrients was not inhibited by salt stress and there was no lack of materials such as N and Mg for chlorophyll production. Therefore, it was found that the chlorophyll concentration could increase up to high levels over a comparatively long time. These factors may account for the resistance of sago palm to salt stress and ability to grow even with a reduction of the growth rate.
{"title":"Physiological Response and Mineral Concentration of Sago Palm under Diurnal Changes of NaCl Concentration in Culture Solution","authors":"W. Prathumyot, Madoka Okada, H. Naito, H. Ehara","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.55.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.55.11","url":null,"abstract":"Sago palm seedlings were exposed to 2 cycles of diurnal change of NaCl concentration in the culture solution in a hydroponic system for 4 months. During the experiment, the emergence rate of new leaves in the treated plants tended to be slow, compared to that of the control plants. However the number of dead leaves was the same in both control and treated plants. The total N and P concentrations in the leaflets and petioles and the leaf area at each leaf position did not change with the treatment. The increase of the SPAD value was slow in the treated plants. The photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance in the treated plants decreased by about 40%. The Na+ concentration increased in all the plant parts with the treatment, especially in the roots and petioles at the lower leaf positions. The K+ concentration decreased in the roots and petioles, whereas it increased in some leaflets. Although a large difference in the decrease in Mg2+ concentration was found in the cortex, the difference was negligible in the stele of adventitious roots, petioles and leaflets. Based on these results, it is considered that sago palm plants growing in a brackish water area are able to maintain a low Na+ concentration in the leaflets of active leaves by storing Na+ mainly in the roots and petioles. The factor limiting the photosynthetic rate under NaCl stress was the reduction in stomatal conductance that resulted from a trade-off with the decrease in the transpiration rate for maintaining the water status in the leaves. Although chlorophyll production was depressed, the absorption of macronutrients was not inhibited by salt stress and there was no lack of materials such as N and Mg for chlorophyll production. Therefore, it was found that the chlorophyll concentration could increase up to high levels over a comparatively long time. These factors may account for the resistance of sago palm to salt stress and ability to grow even with a reduction of the growth rate.","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133786423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Tagane, Y. Terajima, Y. Shikina, Mitsuru Kyan, Naomi Makiya, S. Irei, Koji Yamato, A. Sugimoto
To improve the efficiency of intergeneric hybridization between sugarcane and Erianthus arundinaceus, we examined their responses to day-length and harvesting time on Ishigaki Island, Japan, in 2008 and 2009. To suppress floral initiation, the daylength was extended to 14 h by providing light to three E. arundinaceus clones, JW4, JW630, and IJ76-349 before sunrise. Then, to induce flowering, the day-length was reduced by 20 min/week until a day-length of 11.5 h was attained. The day-length treatment effectively delayed flowering in the JW4 and JW630 clones, whereas the light-treated IJ76-349 did not flower at all. Delays of 12 to 22 days and 14 to 25 days were confirmed in the JW4 and JW630 clones, respectively. Regarding the effects of harvesting time, April-harvested JW630 showed a 5-day delay compared to the February-harvested plants, while there was no significant difference in JW4. However, when we combined late harvesting and day-length treatment, significant delays of 15 days in JW4 and 33 days in JW630 were confirmed. Since the pollen of JW4 and JW630 successfully germinated after the day-length treatment, these treatments are considered to be useful for overlapping the flowering dates of sugarcane and Erianthus on Ishigaki Island.
{"title":"Effects of Day-length Treatment and Harvesting Time on the Flowering of Erianthus arundinaceus on Ishigaki Island, Japan","authors":"S. Tagane, Y. Terajima, Y. Shikina, Mitsuru Kyan, Naomi Makiya, S. Irei, Koji Yamato, A. Sugimoto","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.55.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.55.44","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the efficiency of intergeneric hybridization between sugarcane and Erianthus arundinaceus, we examined their responses to day-length and harvesting time on Ishigaki Island, Japan, in 2008 and 2009. To suppress floral initiation, the daylength was extended to 14 h by providing light to three E. arundinaceus clones, JW4, JW630, and IJ76-349 before sunrise. Then, to induce flowering, the day-length was reduced by 20 min/week until a day-length of 11.5 h was attained. The day-length treatment effectively delayed flowering in the JW4 and JW630 clones, whereas the light-treated IJ76-349 did not flower at all. Delays of 12 to 22 days and 14 to 25 days were confirmed in the JW4 and JW630 clones, respectively. Regarding the effects of harvesting time, April-harvested JW630 showed a 5-day delay compared to the February-harvested plants, while there was no significant difference in JW4. However, when we combined late harvesting and day-length treatment, significant delays of 15 days in JW4 and 33 days in JW630 were confirmed. Since the pollen of JW4 and JW630 successfully germinated after the day-length treatment, these treatments are considered to be useful for overlapping the flowering dates of sugarcane and Erianthus on Ishigaki Island.","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117132357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neglected by research and development, knowledge of the genetic diversity in Ethiopian yams is found mainly with the local farmers. The local yam classification system in Southern Ethiopia was studied through individual and key informant interviews. Data collected include attributes/traits of each landrace used in the folk taxonomy. Local farmers recognize two major categories of yams: 'hatuma boye' ('male' yam) and 'macha boye' ('female' yam). This categorization has no reference to the reproductive biology of the plant. "Female" yams mature early and produce tubers of excellent quality, but are less vigorous in growth compared to 'male' yams and yield poorly under sub-optimal conditions. Whereas, 'male' yams mature late, grow vigorously and are tolerant to drought. Individual landraces are further identified based on variations in maturity time, morphological and/or growth attributes. Eighty-two yam accessions collected from Gedeo, Sidama, Wolayita and Gamo-Gofa zones were characterized using 42 qualitative morphological variables. Cluster and principal component analyses gave seven distinct groups, revealing that the overall structure of morphological diversity is consistent with farmers' classification. Nevertheless, no clear morphological variations were observed between some differently named landraces. Few landraces known by the same vernacular name were also morphologically distinct. This study demonstrated the existence of a well-defined local classification system and a wide variability among the accessions studied. It also revealed the need for detailed phylogenetic studies to determine the species identity of the accessions studied and broaden the knowledge base of Ethiopian yams.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Morphological and Farmers' Cognitive Diversity in Yam Landraces (Dioscorea spp.) from Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Muluneh Tamiru, H. Becker, B. Maass","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.55.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.55.28","url":null,"abstract":"Neglected by research and development, knowledge of the genetic diversity in Ethiopian yams is found mainly with the local farmers. The local yam classification system in Southern Ethiopia was studied through individual and key informant interviews. Data collected include attributes/traits of each landrace used in the folk taxonomy. Local farmers recognize two major categories of yams: 'hatuma boye' ('male' yam) and 'macha boye' ('female' yam). This categorization has no reference to the reproductive biology of the plant. \"Female\" yams mature early and produce tubers of excellent quality, but are less vigorous in growth compared to 'male' yams and yield poorly under sub-optimal conditions. Whereas, 'male' yams mature late, grow vigorously and are tolerant to drought. Individual landraces are further identified based on variations in maturity time, morphological and/or growth attributes. Eighty-two yam accessions collected from Gedeo, Sidama, Wolayita and Gamo-Gofa zones were characterized using 42 qualitative morphological variables. Cluster and principal component analyses gave seven distinct groups, revealing that the overall structure of morphological diversity is consistent with farmers' classification. Nevertheless, no clear morphological variations were observed between some differently named landraces. Few landraces known by the same vernacular name were also morphologically distinct. This study demonstrated the existence of a well-defined local classification system and a wide variability among the accessions studied. It also revealed the need for detailed phylogenetic studies to determine the species identity of the accessions studied and broaden the knowledge base of Ethiopian yams.","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131797545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Irawan, Yoshinori Yamamoto, A. Miyazaki, Tetsushi Yoshida, F. Jong
{"title":"Effect of root and leaf trimming in sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) suckers prior to planting on the survival rate in nursery","authors":"A. Irawan, Yoshinori Yamamoto, A. Miyazaki, Tetsushi Yoshida, F. Jong","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.55.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.55.51","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116561803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Irawan, Yoshinori Yamamoto, Tetsushi Yoshida, A. Miyazaki
{"title":"Comparison of Early Growth of Sago Palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) Seedlings in a Culture Solution with Individual Exclusion of Macro- and Micronutrients","authors":"A. Irawan, Yoshinori Yamamoto, Tetsushi Yoshida, A. Miyazaki","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.55.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.55.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"501 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116696852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Matsumoto, H. Shiwachi, H. Kikuno, K. Irie, H. Toyohara, A. Komamine, H. Fujimaki
{"title":"Characterization of Sprouting and Shoot Formation Processes of Rooted Cuttings of Water Yam (Dioscorea alata L.)","authors":"R. Matsumoto, H. Shiwachi, H. Kikuno, K. Irie, H. Toyohara, A. Komamine, H. Fujimaki","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.54.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.54.107","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124900006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using two rice lines, namely 2F 18 -7-32 (32) a Rhizoctonia solani - resistant rice line and one, 2F 21 -21-29 (29) a susceptible rice line, changes in the time course of mRNA expression of 30 metabolic enzyme genes in R. solani- infected samples were examined. These consisted of eight metabolic enzyme genes of the glycolytic pathway; three metabolic enzyme genes of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP), and six metabolic enzyme genes of the reductive pentose phosphate cycle (RPPC); sucrose phosphatase (SPase, EC 3.1.3.24), participating in sucrose synthesis; ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (ADPase, EC 2.7.7.9) and starch synthase (SS, EC 2.4.1.21) which are involved in starch synthesis; six metabolic enzyme genes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and four metabolic enzyme genes of the secondary metabolism. The results showed that significant changes in the time course of mRNA expression occurred at 1 dpi and that mRNA expression of glycolytic enzymes; 6-phosphofructokinase, phosphoglycerate kinase, enolase and pyruvate kinase and secondary metabolism enzymes; 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase and phenylalanine ammonialyase was significantly higher ( P < 0.05) in the R. solani- infected samples of the resistant rice line, compared to that of the susceptible rice line. The results suggested that R. solani infection led to activation of the glycolytic pathway, OPPP, TCA cycle and secondary metabolism. Time course of mRNA expression of RPPC genes, ADPase and SS suggested that starch synthesis was low in R. solani- infected samples of both R. solani- resistant and susceptible rice lines. It appeared that R. solani infection was associated with the activation of the glycolytic pathway, OPPP, secondary metabolism and TCA cycle and low starch synthesis.
{"title":"Rhizoctonia solani infection in two rice lines increases mRNA expression of metabolic enzyme genes in glycolytic, oxidative pentose phosphate pathways and secondary metabolism","authors":"M. Mutuku, A. Nose","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.54.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.54.119","url":null,"abstract":"Using two rice lines, namely 2F 18 -7-32 (32) a Rhizoctonia solani - resistant rice line and one, 2F 21 -21-29 (29) a susceptible rice line, changes in the time course of mRNA expression of 30 metabolic enzyme genes in R. solani- infected samples were examined. These consisted of eight metabolic enzyme genes of the glycolytic pathway; three metabolic enzyme genes of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP), and six metabolic enzyme genes of the reductive pentose phosphate cycle (RPPC); sucrose phosphatase (SPase, EC 3.1.3.24), participating in sucrose synthesis; ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (ADPase, EC 2.7.7.9) and starch synthase (SS, EC 2.4.1.21) which are involved in starch synthesis; six metabolic enzyme genes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and four metabolic enzyme genes of the secondary metabolism. The results showed that significant changes in the time course of mRNA expression occurred at 1 dpi and that mRNA expression of glycolytic enzymes; 6-phosphofructokinase, phosphoglycerate kinase, enolase and pyruvate kinase and secondary metabolism enzymes; 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase and phenylalanine ammonialyase was significantly higher ( P < 0.05) in the R. solani- infected samples of the resistant rice line, compared to that of the susceptible rice line. The results suggested that R. solani infection led to activation of the glycolytic pathway, OPPP, TCA cycle and secondary metabolism. Time course of mRNA expression of RPPC genes, ADPase and SS suggested that starch synthesis was low in R. solani- infected samples of both R. solani- resistant and susceptible rice lines. It appeared that R. solani infection was associated with the activation of the glycolytic pathway, OPPP, secondary metabolism and TCA cycle and low starch synthesis.","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124815665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pachakkil Babil, K. Irie, H. Shiwachi, Y. Tun, H. Toyohara, H. Fujimaki
{"title":"Ploidy variation and their effects on leaf and stoma traits of water yam (Dioscorea alata L.) collected in Myanmar.","authors":"Pachakkil Babil, K. Irie, H. Shiwachi, Y. Tun, H. Toyohara, H. Fujimaki","doi":"10.11248/JSTA.54.132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11248/JSTA.54.132","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118800,"journal":{"name":"Tropical agriculture and development","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129094445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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